Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/539

 PUR

(m6)

PUR

PvKivz-Man, or Purlieu -Man, or Pourallee- Man is one who has Land within the Purine ; and is al- low'd or qualify'd to hunt or courfe within the fame, tho* under certain Reftridiions-

By Stat. i^Rich.i* he who may lawfully hunt in any Pourallee, ought to have Woods or Lands of Freehold

within the Pourallee, to the yearly Value of 405. 'By

Stat. Jac. 1. he ought to have Lands of Inheritance of the yearly Value of 10/. or Lands of Freehold of the yearly Value of 30/. or have Goods worth aco/. or be the Son of a Knight, or Baron, or Perfon of a higher Degree, or

Son and Heir apparent of an Efquire But by a later Aft,

Car. 2. no Man may keep Grey-hounds within the Poural- lee, or elfewhere within England or Wales, unlefs he have a free Warrant, or be Lord of a Mannor,_or fuch a Freeholder, as is feized in his own Right, or in Right of his Wife, of Lands, Tenements, or Hereditaments, of the clear yearly Value of 40/. over and above all Charges, and Reprifes, of fuch Eftate of Inheritance ; or of Lands, Tenements, or Hereditaments, in his own Right, or in Right of his Wife, for Term of Life or Lives, of the yearly Value of 80 /. over and above all Charges, and Reprifes, or that is worth in Goods, or Chattels, 400 /. See Game.

The Pourallee, or Purlieu, then, is faid to be for him that is fo qualify'd : Others, not qualify'd, and therefore not Purlieu-Men, yet having Land in the Pourallee, may, if they find any wild Beafts of the Foreft in their own Grounds within the Pourallee, chafe them thereout with little Dogs, but not with Grey-hounds, or other Dogs.

Nor is the Furlieu-Man left at large to hunt at his own Difcreiicn j but tied down to feveral Rules : As,

1. That he always begin his Chafe in his own Ground ; and that tho' he find fuch wild Beafts in his own Pourallee, and in refpeft thereof, hath a Property in them, ratione foli, againft all Perfons but the King ; yet fuch his Property is only on this Condition, that he can flay them with his Dogs in Chafe, without Forestalling, before they can reco- ver the Foreft-— —Tho* they be but within the Lift of the Foreft, before the Dogs fallen on them ; they are the King's, or other Owner of the Foreft.

But if the Pourallee- Man firft make his Chafe in his own Freehold, he may purfue the fame thro' every Man's Ground within the 'Pourallee, provided he enter not into the Foreft.

2. If a Purlieu Man begin his Courfe in another Man's Ground, within the Pourallee; and his Dogs fallen on a wild Beaft, before it can get within the Bounds of the Fo- reft, and the Beaft draws the Dogs into the Foreft, and is there flain by them ; here the Pourallee-Man /hall not en- ter into the Foreft, nor take the Beaft fo kill'd, becaufe his Courfe was irregular from the beginning, as he could claim no Property in the Beaft, ratione foil.

3. A Pourallee-Man may hunt in his own 'Pourallee, with no more Company than his own Servants ; nei- ther may he appoint, licenfe, or warrant any other Perfon, except his Servants, to hunt by his Commandment in his Pourallee.

4. Every Pourallee- Man is forbidden by the Laws of the Foreft, to hunt in his own Grounds within the Pourallee, every day, or oftner than three days in any one Week, Sunday excepted.

5. Nor is any Man to difturb, or make a Courfe after any Deer found in his Pourallee, within forty days after the King hath made a general Hunting in the Foreft adjoining thereunto 5 becaufe then the wild Beafts of the Foreft come not into the Pourallees of their own accord ; but as they are forced into the fame by the Hunters, with Clamours and Blowing of Horns 5 fo that they fly thither for Re- fuge.

6. No Man /hall hunt within feven Miles of the Borders of the Foreft, or in his own Pourallee, within forty days next before the King hath iflued out his Proclamation, decla- ring his Royal Will and Pleafure to make a general Hunt- ing in that Foreft.

Inafmuch as the Pourallees were once, and in fome fenfe ftill are, Foreft, it was neceffary to have Officers to attend, and take on them the Charge of the Prefervation of the Game that may happen to wander out of the Foreft, into the Fourallees; fince otherwife the Laws of the Fourallees could not be executed, but the Foreft would foon be de- ftroy'd by the Pourallee- Men.

For this reafon, Rangers were firft appointed ; who, tho 1 not Officers in the Foreft, yet appertain thereto ; for all Officers in the Foreft have Charge of the Vert, and Ve- nifon of the Foreft ; but a Ranger hath no Charge of Vert, but only of Venifon coming out of the Foreft into the Fourallees, his place of Charge ; from whence his Office is to conduct the fame back again into the Foreft. See Ranger.

This Officer is appointed by the King, or his Chief J u f. sice in Eyre, and made by Patent, with a Fee commonly

of 20, 30, or 40/. or more, by the Year, payable out of the Exchequer, as alfo certain Fee-Deer, both Red and Fallow, to be taken annually at proper Seafons, out of th« Foreft.

The Subftance of his Oath is, to rechafe, and with hi* Hounds drive back, the wild Beafts of the Foreft, as often as they range out of the fame into his Pourallee ; to pre- fent all unlawful Hunting and Hunters, of wild Beafts of Venary and Chafe, as well within the Pourallees, as within the Foreft ; and to prefent thofe, and other Offences, at the next Court of Attachments, or Swainmote, which /hall firft happen.

Rangers, it is to be obferv'd, belong only to fuch Fou- rallees, as were once the Woods and Lands of the Subject and were afterwards difafforefted again, and fo became Fourallees : Hence, as there are fome Forefts in E?zgla?id which never had any Enlargement by new Afforei tat ions and therefore have no Fourallees at this day; there cm be no Rangers belonging to them.

PURPLE, Purpura, a red Colour, bordering on Vio- let; made chiefly with Cochineal, or Scarlet in Grain. See Colour ; fee alfo Red, Scarlet, Cochineal, ££<;.

Fiirple was much efteem'd among theAntients ; efpecially xhz'Tyrian Purple, which underwent more Dyes than the reft, and which was almoft peculiar to Emperors and Kings. Yet this Purple did not exceed that now in ufe ; the chief Reafons why the former has been difufed, are, that the latter is both cheaper and finer.

The antient Purple was tinged or given with the Blood of a teftaceousSea-fifti, call'd by the Greeks ts^v^a, and by the Latins Purpura ; whereof we have Defcriptions in feveral Authors, and Shells in moft of the Cabinets of the Curious.

In the Seas of the Spanijb Wefi-Indies about Nicoya, is found a SheU-fifh which perfectly refembles the antient Purpura, and in all probability is the very fame: This Fi/h, Gage tells us, ufually lives feven Years ; it hides itfelfa little before the Dog-days, and continues to difappear for 300 Days running.

They are gather'd plentifully in the Spring, and by rub- bing one againft another, yield a kind of Saliva, or thick Glair, refembling foft Wax : But the Furple Dye is in the Throat of the Fi/h ; and the ftneft part in a tittle white

Vein The reft of the Body is of no ufe. He adds, that

the chief Riches of Nicoya confift in this Fi/h. Cloth of Segovia dyed with it is fold for twenty Crowns the Ell ; and none but the greateft Spaniflj Lords ufe it.

Befides the Indian Purple Pipes, we have others much nearer home : In the Philofopb. Pranfatl. we have an Ac- count of a Purple-Fifo difcover'd in 1680'. by Mr. W.Cole on the Coafts of Somerfetjhire, South- Wales, &c, where it is found in great abundance.

The Fi/h, M. Reaumur obferves, is a kind o^Succinum^ a Name given by the Antients to all Fifties whofe Shell bears any refemblance to a Hunting-Horn ; and it appears from Pliny, that part of the antient Purple was taken from

this kind of Shell-Fi/h. So that this may be efteem'd

a recovery of what had been fuppofed entirely loft.

The Method of obtaining the Colour, the Author defcribes

thus The Shell, which is very hard, being broke, (with

the Mouth of the Fi/h downwards, fo as not to cru/h the Body) and the broken pieces being pick'd ofF, there ap- pears a white Vein lying tranfverfely in a little Furrow or Cleft next the Head of the>Fifh.

In this Vein is the Purple Matter lodged ; fome of which being laid on Linnen, appears at firft of a light green Co- lour, and if expofed to the Sun, foon changes into a deep green, and in a few Minutes into a Sea-green, and in a few more into a blue ; thence it foon becomes of a purplijb red and in an Hour more of a deep Furple red.

And here the Sun's Aftion expires; but by waftiing in fcalding Water and Soap, and drying it, it becomes of a moft bright, beautiful Crimfon; which will bear wafhing admirably without any Styptic. See Crimson.

The Fi/h, he obferves, is good Food ; and adds, that there are feveral Kinds, differing in Size, and Shell, and

alfo in the Colour of the tinging Liquor There are fome

found on the Coafts of PoiBou,

M. Reaumur has difcover'd another very different Kind of Purple— It is produced in oval Grains, about a quarter of an Inch long, and about one thick, full of a white Li- quor bordering on yellow, which cover certain Stones or Sands, about which the Succina of PoiBou ufually affem- ble.

By the Experiments M. Reaumur has made, it appears that thefe Grains are neither the Eggs of the Succ'mum, nor the Seeds of any Sea-Plants, nor any riling Plants, but the Eggs of fome unknown Fi/h.

Thefe Grains being bruifed on a white Linnen, at firft only tinge it yellow, and that infenfibly ; but in three or four Minutes give it a very beautiful purple ted, provided the Linnen be expofed to the open Air ; for the Air of a Room,

even