Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/526

 PRO

PROVINCIAL, Phovincialis, fomefhing relatin. i province- See Province.

Thus we fay, a 'Provincial Council, or Synod, &c. See Synod and Council.

Provincial, in the Monaftic fenfe, is a Perfon who has the Direction and Superintendancy of the feveral Convents of a Province ; according to the Divifion eftablifhed in that Order. See Order, Convent, ci?c.

The General of the Order has feveral Provinces under him 5 the 'Provincial feveral Priors, Abbots, i$c. See Gene- ral, Abbot, iSc.

PKOV1NE, of the French Provigner, fignifies to lay a Vine-Stock, or Branch, in the Ground, to take Root. See Vine, Propagation,^.

PROVISION, any thing got, or procured as neceflary for the Subfitlence of Life.

Provision, in Traffick, is ufed for the Wages due to a paflor. See Factorage.

PROVISION, in the Canon-Law, the Title, or Inftru- menr, by virtue whereof an Incumbent holds, or is pro- vided of a Benefice, Bifhoprick, or the like. See Title, Benefice, (£c.

Ordinary Collators give Provifions in Cafe of Vacancy by Death, pure and fimple Demiflion and Permutation. See Collator.

The Court of Rome grants Frovifions by Resignation, Devolution, Prevention.

« Provifions by Prevention, are call'd Grati<e Erpectativre, or Mandate. deProvidendo ; of the great Abufe whereof throughout England, frequent Complaint was made in our antient Statutes, and a Remedy provided for the fame by the Statute of Prtcmunire. See Prevention, PRAEMU- NIRE,^.

Provifions of fmall Benefices, in the Court of Rome, are only fimple Signatures, which are, as it were, Minutes of the Bull ; becaufe the Bulls themfelvcs difpatch'd on Parchment would be too expenfive. The Signature is no more than the Requeft of the Impetrant anfwer'd by the Pope in thefe Words ; Comeffum uti fetitur in frtefentia 'Z>. N- PafrC, wrote in the Hand of the Prelate who prefides over the Signature. See Bull.

Extraordinary Provifions are fign'd by the Pope himfelf, in thefe Words, Fiat lit fetitur, with the firft Letter of bis Name. See Signature.

PROVISO, in Law, a Condition inferted in a Deed, upon the Obfervance whereof the Validity of the Deed depends. See Condition, &c

Sometimes the Word imports a Covenant. See Cove- nant-

Proviso hath alfo another fignification, in Judicial Mat- ters ; as, if the Plaintiff defift from profecuting an Action, by bringing ittoaTrial; the Defendant or Tenant may take out a Venire facias to the Sheriff, having in it thefe Words, Provifo quod, i$c. to the end, that if the Plaintiff takeout any Writ to thatpurpofe, the Sheriff fliall fummon butone Jury upon them both : In which Cafe it is call'd, going to Trial by Provifo.

Proviso is alfo a Sea-Term. A Ship is laid to moor a Provifo, when Ihe has an Anchor out, and alfo a Hawfer a-fhore ; and fo is moor'd with her Head to the Shore with two Cables. See Mooring.

PROVISOR, is generally taken for him that hath the Care of providing things neceffary ; in which fenfe it co- incides with Purveyor. See Purveyor.

Provisor Monaflerii, is ufed for the Steward, or Treafurerof a Religious Houfe.

Provisor, in our Statutes, is a Perfon who fued to the Court of Rome for a Provifion. See Provision.

Thefe were prohibited by Proclamation 4a Ben. 5. Ann. 1258. Provifores dicunttir qui vel Efifcofatum, yel Ec- defiafticam aliam dignitatem in Romana Curia fibi amOie- bantde future, quod ex Gratia expetJativa nuncufarwit, quia ufqlte dim vacant exfectandum effet. Spelm.

PRO VOCATIVE,in Phyfic.a Medicine which flrengthens Nature, and simulates or incites to Venery.

Such are Cantharides, igc. See Cantharides.

PROVOST, Pr<efoftus, an Officer, whereof thete are divets Kinds ; Civil, Military, &c.

Provost of the City, or of the Merchants, is the Chief Municipal Magiflrate in feveral confiderable trading Cities, particularly Eiinboroitgh, Taris, and Lyons; much the lame with the Majors in other Places. See Mayor.

The Provoft prefides at the City-Courts, and, together with the Sheriffs, decides all Differences relating to Trade and Merchandize ; takes cognizance of the Affairs of Offi- cers of Policy of the City with regard to their Functions ; of the Delinquencies of Merchants, Commiffioners, and Fadors; infpects the Ports, Rivers, the Duties, Impofls, cifc.

Authors atttibute the Inftitution of Provojl of the Mer- chants of Paris to Philip Jugufle. Dtt HaMan refers its Epocha to the Year 1190.

( 5>°3 )

PRO

The Lord Provojl of Edinborough is principal Sheriff $ the Bailiffs are his Deputies ; he calls Conventions of the Boroughs by his own Miffives.

Provost, of Prevot Royal, is a fort of inferior Judge elfabliflied throughout France ; for the taking cognizance of all Civil, Perfonal, Real, and Mixed Caufes, among the People ; but without any Jurifdiclion in the Caufes of Nobles.

Thefe in the Sour!>onnois, Auvergile, &c. are call'd Chatdains ; in Normandy, V'icomtes ; in Languedoz and Provence, kiguiers.

Grand Provost of Prance, or of the Houfhold, is a Judge of the Sword ; who has Jurisdiction in ihe King's Houfe, and over the Officers therein ; looks to the Policy and Regulation thereof j the Rates of Provifions following the Court, £S>c, He was antiently call'd Roi des Ribaitds.

Gra?id Provost of the CoiiftaUe, a Judge of the Sword, who manages the Procefles againil the Soldiers in the Ar- my who have committed any Crime. He has four Lieu- tenants diftributed throughout the Armies, call'd c Provo(ls of the Army •■, 2it\d. Y^t\c\x\-xv Provojl s in the feveral Re- giments.

Provost General of the Marine, an Officer who mana- ges the Procefies againff the Marines when guilty of any Crime 5 and makes report thereof to the Council of War. There is alfo a Marine Provojl in eveiy Vcffel, who is a kind of Goalcr, and takes the Prifoners into his Care j and keeps the VefTel clean.

Provosts oftheMarfhals, are a kind of Lieutenants of the Marfhals of France, erlablifhed for the Security of the Country againff Rogues, Vagabonds, and Deferters. They take cognizance of Royal C.ifes ; which, for this Reafon are call'd -prevot al Cafes ; fuch are all Crimes committed by Strollers, or People without any fixed Abode 5 Robbe- ries on the High-way, Infraclion of Safe-guard, Burnings, &c. They pronounce en dernier rejfort.

There are 1S0 Seats of thefe Provojls in France. Their chief Jurifdiction regards High-way-men, Foot-pads, Houfe- breakers, £f?c. and correfpond to the Officers eitabli/h'd by Auguftm anS.T'iberiw, call'd, as Cujas tells us, Latritn- cidatores; tofhew, that theirOifice was to purfue Thieves.

Vrqvost of tfoe Mint, is a particular Judge instituted for the apprehending and profecuting of falfe Coiners. See Mint.

Provost Marfhal of an Army, is one appointed to fe- cure Deferters, and all other Criminals. See Marshal.

He is to go often abroad round the Army to hinder the Soldiers from pillaging : It is his Office to indict Offenders, and to execute the Sentence pafs'd upon them. He like- wife regulates the Weights and Meafures, and the Price of all Provifions, 0$c. in the Army.

There is alfo a Provojl Marfjal in the Navy, who hath Charge of the Prifoners taken at Sea.

Provost of au Univerfity j fee Uni-versity.

PROW, in Navigation, the Head, or Fore-part of a Ship. See Ship.

In the Front hereof is the Beak, that cuts the Water to make way for the VefTel.

The Pro-zv is lower than the Poop, and contains fewer Stories or Decks. On the Beak is ufually fome Hierogly- phic, which often gives Name to the Veffel.

In ftriclnefs, however, the Tro-zv is faid to be only that part of the Fore-Caflle which is aloof, and not in the Hold, particularly that between the Chafe and the Loof,

The Antients rcprefented Beaks of Birds in the Prows of their Ships, whence they were call'd Rofira.

The Word Pro-zv is form'd from the Latin ^rora, which fignifies the fame thing.

PROXIMITY, of the Latin Proximitas, denotes the Relation of Nearnefs, either in refpect of Place, or Blood, or Alliance. See Vicinage, Consanguinity,^.

PROXINETA, or Proxinetes, a Broker, or Mana- ger between two Perfons. See Broker.

The Word is chiefly ufed for thofe who negociate Offi- ces, Marriages, £j?c.

The Roman Law grants the Proxinetes an Action for re- covery of their Salaries. The Word is Greek Tf^vemf, Broker.

The Latins give 'em a more honourable Appellation, calling 'cm Interpreters. See Interpreter. ,

Thefe made akind of Office, or College in Rome: To them the Fathers addrefs'd themfelves, to found and examine the Inclinations of the young Men they intended for their Daughters.

A Commentator on the Digeft, accounts it a great Defeft in the modern Policy, that there are not now any of thefe Proxinetes or Match-Makers eftabli/hed by public Au- thority.

PROXY, "Procurator; a Deputy, orPetfon wno officiates in the room of another. Sec Procurator.

Princes are ufually married by Proxies.

Proxy, Procuracy^ among Civilians, is alfo a CommifTion

give a