Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/522

 PRO C g PP )

fro prefers of the Pr<storium under draridn, in the City if Rome and the neighbouring parts. See Prjetorium

PROPRIETOR, or Proprietary, he who has the Property or Propriety of any thing. See Property.

Proprietor, in Law, is Briefly, fuch a one as has, or pofleffes any thing in the utmoll degree : Stt<e nullius ar- litrio eji obnoxia.

The Term was formerly apply'd in a particular manner to him who had the Fruits of a Benefice to himfelf, and his Heirs and Succeffors ; as in antient time Abbots and Priors had.

PROpRiETARY-yKbafa, were fuch as had referved Goodsand Effects to themfelves, notwithstanding their for- mal Renunciation of all at the Time of their Ptofeflion.

They are frequently mentioned in the Monafl. Anglic. &c and were to be very feverely dealt withal ; to be Excom- municated, deprived of Burial, i$c — Monachi Proprietarii excommunicentur ab Abbatibus, tS ft in morte Proprietarius inventus fiierit, Ecckjiajlica careat Sepulture, eV. Addit. ad Matt. Par.

Proprietate ?>•<;&«,&, is a Writ that lies for him that would prove a Propriety before the Sheriff.

For where a Property is allcdged, a Replegiare properly lies not. See Replegiare.

PROFRIETY, in Grammar, is, where the direCt and immediate Signification of a Word agrees to the thing it is apply'd to.

In which fenfe 'Propriety is ufed in oppofition to a figu- rative, or remote Signification.

PROPYLJEUM, the Porch of a Temple, or Great Hall. See Porch.

Hence the Word is ufed figuratively in Matters of Learn- ing for an Introduction, Apparatus, or Prodromus to fome greater Work. — In this fenfe we fay, the Propyltsum of the Jcfuits at Antwerp, &c.

The Word is Greek ■x&wvamw, fignifying ihe fame thing.

FRO-QUESTOR, PRO-CiU,ESToR, the Quellor's Lieu- tenant, or a Perfon who difcharged the Office of Queftor in his Acad. SeeQuESTOR.

The Word is chiefly apply'd to an Officer appointed by the Governour of a Province to difcharge the Quefture after the deceafe of the Queflor, till the Senate and People fhould fend a new one.

PRO-RATA, in Commerce, a Term fometimes ufed among Merchants, for 'Proportion. SeePRoPORTioN.

Thus, when in fpcaking of any Undertaking they fay, Each Perfon muft reap the Profit or fuflain the Lofs in Pro- rata- to his Intereft ; 'tis meant, each fhall gain or lofe in proportion to the Sum he put in Stock.

PRO-RATA Portionis, inLaw, feeOuERANEo pro rata portionis.

PRORjE Os, in Anatomy, a Bone of the Cranium, call'd alfo Os Occipitis. See Os Occipitis.

PROROGATION, the Aft of prolonging, adjourning, or putting off to another Time.

The difference between a Prorogation and an Adjourn- ment of Parliament, is, that by the Prorogation in open Court the Seflion is ended ; and fuch Bills aspaffed in either Houfe, or both Houfes, and had not the Royal Affcnt, mull at the next Affembly begin again : For every Seflion of Parliament, is in Law a feveral Parliament. SeeSEssiON.

If it be only adjourn'd, then there is no Seflion ; and, con- fequently, all things continue in the fame State they were in before the Adjournment. See Adjournment.

This difference between Prorogation and Adjournment is of no long ftanding ; antiently they were ufed as Synoni-

mous Prorogetur Curia do Hora in Jioram, quoufqus

placitum terminetur, MS de L L.

To Prorogue the Parliament the King goes in Perfon, with his Crown on his Head ; and fends the Slack Rod for the Houfe of Commons to attend him at the Bar of the Houfe of Lords; where, after giving an Anfwerto each Bill iignified to him, he makes a Speech ; and the Lord Chancellor, by command, fignifies the Parliament to be Pro- rogued. See Parliament.

PROSCENIUM, in the antient Theatre, the Pnlpitum, or Eminence whereon the Roman Actors exhibited. See Theatre.

The Profcenium anfwer'd to our Stage.

It confifted of two Parts among the Greeks ; one particu- larly fo call'd, where the Actors perform'd. The other was the Logeion, where the Singers and the Mimicks aCled their Parts.

Among the Romans, the Profcenium and Pulpitum were the famething. See Pulpitum.

PROSCRIPTION, a Publication made in the Name of the Chief or Leader of a Party, whereby he promifes a Reward to any who fhall bring him the Head of one of his Enemies.

Scylla and Marius by turns profcribed each other's Ad- herents. — Under the Triumvirate a great part of the bell and braved of the Romans fell by Proscription.

PRO

Practice of writing 1 , and porting it in pub-

The Term took its Rife f rom the down a Lift of the Pet-fens Name lick ; from/™, and fcribo, I write

„nc„^„M E hv he nim ?[, U ^H-/o!:U^-mS, Ioofe.ard unconhn d by poetical Meafures, Rhimcs, £fe.

The Word ,s ufed in oppofition to Perft. See Verse.

ThoProfe have its Connection,, which fuflain it ; and aSttuaure, which renders it numerous ; it ought flill to appear free : its Character confills in running eafv, and un- reitram d. SeeSTYLE.

Poetsvery rarely have the Talent of PrOfe: The Habit of wearing Chains fits faflupon 'em, even when the Chains are orr.

S. Bvremoud compares Frofe- Writers to Foot-Travellers who walk with lels Noife, but more Security than the Cavaliers. 3

The Word comes from the Latin Trofa, which feme will have derived from the Hebrew 1'oras, expendit.

PROSECU 1 OR, in Law, is he that purines a Caufe in another s Name. Sfe Promoter.

PROSELYTE, a new Convert to the Faith. See Con- vert.

The Term was much ufed in the Primitive Chutch 1

I he Jews too, had their ProfetyteSi who (mm Gentiles embrac d Jtidaifm.

The Word is pure Greek ^amhil®-; which in Latin hgmhes Advena ; in Englip, Stranger, or one ar.-iv'd out of another Country.

PROSODY, Prosodia, that part of Grammar which teaches and directs the Pronunciation, and manner of Re- heatfal ; marks the Accents, and diflingiflihes the Ion? and ihort Syllables. See Grammar, Pronunciation, %?c.

The Word is fcrm'd from the Greek ^ & -Wo, accino; of i£)i and adlti, Cantus, Singint'.

Profody is properly that Branch of Grammar which re- lates to Syllables; ttcating of their true Pronuncia.ion in rclpect of Accent and Time. See Syllable: See alfo Accent, &c.

The Bnglifi Profody turns chicflv on two Things ; Num- bers, that is, a certain number of Feet or Syllables. See Numbers.

And, Rhime, or a Similitude of Sound between the lad Syllables of Verbs. See Rhime.

The Greek and Roman Pnfodies were unacquainted with Rhime ; but in lieu thereof, had fomethmg to make their Verfe harmonious, without, viz. Quantity, See Quan- tity.

PROSONOMASIA, ^^^vs^ama., a Figure in Rhetoric, whereby allufion is made to the Likenefs'of a Sound in fe- veral Names, or Words. See Figure.

PROSOPOPOEIA, in Rhetoric, a Figure, whereby we make Perfons that are abfent, or dead, or even Things which are inanimate, as Cities, [?c. to fpeak. See Figure.

The Poets, in their Fictions, make frequent ufe of the Profofopaia; as alfo do the Orators, in their painling of violent Paflions, which fcem to tranfport, and make them forget themfelves.

There are two kinds ofPrcfopafceia's, the one dire CI 5 the other indirect.

For an inflance of the latter : Juft Gods, ProtsBors of the Innocent, permit the Order of Nature to be interrupted for one moment, and let this Car oafs re fume the ufe of Speech, &c. J J J J

Inftances of the former are found every where, among the Orators and Poets ; that which follows, is a very beauti- ful one, found by way of Epitaph on a Tumb-ftone : Tht» dead Wife addreffes her furviving Husband, thus :

Immatura peri : fed tu fslicior, annos Vive tuos, conjux optime, vive meos.

The Word is form'd from the Greek ■x&x*™, Perfon, and ■&ro/s«, / make, or feign.

PROSPECT. f C Perspective.

PROSPECTIVE Glafs.S bet I Perspective Glafs.

PROSTA PHORESIS, in Autonomy, the Difference be- tween the true, and mean Motion, or true and mean Place, of a Planet ; call'd alfo Equation of the Orbit, or of thd Centre, and Amply the Equation- See Equation.

Or, which amounts to the fame, I'rojiaphterefts is the difference between the mean, and equated Anomaly. Sea Anomaly,

Thus, fuppofe the Circle A L M P N (Tab. Astrono- my, fig.51.) the or Orbit of the Earth, furrounded by the Ecliotic V, ffi, a, He. and fuppofe S, the Sun; and the Earth in R : the mean Anomaly will be the Arch A P R, or, calling away the Semicircle, the Arch PR, or the Angle P C R ; and the true Anomaly, rejeCting the Semi- circle, will be P S R, which is equai to PC R and C RS. If then to the mean Anomaly, we add the Angle CRS, we /hall have the true Anomaly P SR, and the Earth's Place, in the Ecliptic, See Place, iSc.

And.