Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/50

 IR

(40O IS

IRREGULAR COLUMN

Architeflure, is fuch a one as not only deviates from the Proportions ot any of tha five Orders, but whofe Ornaments, whether in the Shaft

Alining Specks, like Grains of Silver ; this affords the greatcfl Quantity ofjroa, but being melted alone, pro- duccth a Metal very fhort and brittle, and therefore not

fo fit for common Ufe. For the remedying whereof, the or Capital, are abfurd anTl "iil-choff

Workmen make ule of another fort of Material, termed IRREPLEVIABLE, in the Common Law, fijmifie.

I IT 1 ."I" 8 the R rf"fe of the Ore, af- what may not be replevied, or fet at large, upon Sureties,

ter the Metal has been extracted ; and which being IRRORATION, a kind of Tranlpiantat'on ufed for

mingled with the other, in a due Quantity gives it the the Cure of certain Difeafes. Itconlilfs in the fprinkling

excellent Temper of Toughnefs, that caufeth this Iron to every Day either Trees, or other proper Plants, with thl

be preferred before any other brought from foreign Pares. Urine or Sweat of the Patient, or with the Water wherein

After they have provided their Ore, their firft Work is to his Body, or at leaft the Part affected, has been wallied

calcine it which is done m kilns, much after the fafhion till fuch time as the Difeafe is removed. As foon as the"

of out -ordinary Lime-k.lns : thefe they fill up to the top Sprinkling has been made, they throw frelli Earth on it,

with Coal and Ore, Jiratim :j„p or jiratmn ; that is, one in order to prevent the Virtue of the Mumia that is of

Layer upon another : and fo putting Fire to the bottom, the vital Spirit of the Liquid, from evaporating into 'the

they let it burn till the Coal be wailed, and then renew Air. the kilns with frefh Ore and Coal in the fame manner as before. This is done without Fuiion of the Metal, and ferves to confume the more droffy part of the Ore, and

ISCHIADIC, an Epithet given by the Phyficians to

o Veins of the Foot, which terminate in the Crural.

oe firft, called the Great Ischiadic, is formed by ten little

to make it malleable, fWying the beating, and warn- Branches, proceeding from the Toes, which uniting toge

rog, that are ufed m other Metals. From hence they ther, pafs by theMufcles of the Calf of the Leg Tht

he ..., pro- it Iquare on the outfide, and ceeding from the Skin and Mufcles, which incompafs the near thirty Foot in Height within, not above eight or ten Articulation of the Thigh. They are alfo called Sciatic

carry it to their Furnaces, which are built of Brick or fcffer IfcUadicis formed from feveral Ramificati krone, about twenty-four Foot fqi

Foot over where it is wideft, which is about the middl the top and bottom having a narrow Compafs, much like the Shape of an Egg. Behind the Furnace are fixed two huge Pair of Bellows, the Nofes of which meet at a little hole near the bottom ; thefe ai

rd is derived from the Greek -

r^Jctf, or t<r%oy, Coxa,

The Wc

the Hip.

ISCHIATICA. See Sciatica.

ISCHIUM, in Anatomy, is the Name of one of the ! comprels'd toge- Bones of the Thigh, wherein is a deep Cavity, called Co- ther by certain Buttons placed on the Axis of a very large tyla, or Acetabulum, which receives the Head of the Thiah- Wbeel which IS turned about by Water, in the manner Bone. This Cavity is incompaffed with a cartilaginous "r/'Y »",, ' L ^ S, r ° 0n aS thefe Buttons are flid Circle ' which l"«vesto flrcngthen the Thigh. The lfchium

oft, the Bellows are railed again by the Countcrpoife of is one of the Ojfa hmominata, which fee. The word is Weights, whereby they arc made to play alternately, the derived from the Greek !,-,«, Robar Strength one going its Blait the time the other is riling. At firft ISCHURIA, in Phyficf is a Difeafe that conf.ffs in an they fill thefe Furnaces with Ore and Cinder, intermix'd entire Suppreffion of Urine. It is occafioned by any thins witn fuel, which in thefe Works is always of Charcoal, that may obftrua the Paffages of the Reins, Ureters or laying them hollow at the bottom, that they may more the Neck of the Bladder, as Sand, Stone, Phlegm kc eafily take fire ; but after they are once kindled, the Ma- It may alfo be occafioned by an Obftruaion of theNerves* tcrials run togetner into a hard Cake or Lump, which is which pafs to the Reins or Bladder, as we fee it is in a IHltained by the falluon of the Furnace : and through this Paralyfis of the lower Parts from the Diaphragm The the Metal, as it meets trickles down into the Receivers '00 great Diflcnfion of the Bladder may alfo produce the et at the bottom, where there is a Paffage open, by fame Effea ; for the Fibres being much lengthened and

which the Men take away the Scum and Drofs/and let out the Metal, as they fee occafion. Before the Mouth of the Furnace lies a great Bed of Sand, where they make Furrows of the Shape into which they would have their Iron call. As foon as the Receivers are full, they let in the Metal, which is made fo very fluid by the Violence of the Fire, that it not only runs to a confiderable di- flance, but Hands afterwards boiling for a <rood while. When the Furnaces are once at work, they keep them conftanrly cmploy'd for many Months together, never fuf-

fering the Fire to flackcn Night or Day, but Hill fupplyi like to the Conquerors at the Olympk, Pythian tmd Ifth. ing the waiting of the Fuel, and other Materials, with mia " Games. They were crowned on the fpot, immcdl frefh, poured in at the top : Chatcoal is ufed altogether ' in this Work, for Sea-Coal will not do. From thefe Fur- naces the Workmen bring their Sows and Pigs of In,, as they call them, to their Forges, where it is wrought into Bars.

IRON-SICk : A Ship or Boat is faid to be Iron-Rck ■when her Spikes are fo eaten with Ruft, or Nails, and fo worn away, that they make Hollows in the Planks whereby the Ship leaks. '

IRONY, isa Figure in Speech, wherein we plainly in- tend fomething very different from what our Words ex- prefs i as when we feem to praife a Terfon ar a time when we evidently railly and difcommend him. Hence Ommi- lian calls it Dherfikjuittm, Dijfmiv.lation, and IlluJionPl'hus we fay, Join's a very honeft Fellow; meaning, he's a rank Knave. TheTroajj aifcovers itfelf rather in the Tone of the Speaker than in the Words. It is derived from the Greek, ttgm&t, Diljimulatitm.

--ngthened, and confequently cendenfed, the Spirits neceffary for their Contraaion cannot get Admittance ; whence it is that Perfons, who have retained their Urine a longtime, find a great deal of difficulty in difcharging it. The word is derived from the Greek \<r%i, I Jtop, and »£«», Urine.

ISELASTIC, the Name of a kind of Combat, or Game, celebrated in the Cities of Greece and Jfia in the time of the Roman Empire. The Viaor at thefe Games had very confiderable Privileges conferred on him, after the Example of slugnjius, and the Athenians, who did the

ately after their Vidiory, had Penfions allowed them, were furnifhed with Provifions at the public Coil, and were carried in Triumph into their Country.

ISIA, Feafts and Sacrifices antiently folemnized in ho- nout of the Goddefs Ifis. The Ifia were full of abomina- ble Impurities, and for that reafon thofe who were initia- ted were obliged to take an Oath of Secrecy. They held for nine Days fucceffively, but were fo abominable, that the Senate aboli/Iied them at Rome, under the Confulata of Ptfo and Gabinms. Two hundred Years after this they were re-effablilhed by the Emperor Commodus, who him- ppearing among the Priefts of that

felf aflifted at them

Goddefs with his Head' lliaven" and carrying the Anubis.

ISIACI, Priefts df the Goddefs Ifis. Viofcorides tellsus, they bore a Branch of Marine Abfynthium in their hands inftead of Olive. They fung the Praifes of the Goddefs twice a-day, inss. at the rifingof the Sun, when they open- ed her Temple ; after which they begged Alms the reft"

5 Ifis and Ofiris.

IRRADIATION, fignifies an Emanation or /hooting out of the Day," and, returning at night" repeated their Ori-

trpIt^?.- ^T 1 ™E^c yt ° an0 l er > Sce fii'«%- <"<>"!. Md ^ "P Ae Temple. Such was the Life and

IRRATIONAL NUMBERS, are the fame as Surd Office of the Ifiaci ; they never covered their Feet with

Numbers i which fee. , any thing but the thin Bark of the Tree Papyrus, which

ZT4r3c a ',TV S ^ Ra '"" ,a jSuam,t,es. occafioned Tmiemhs and others to fay they went bare-

IRREGULAR, fomething that deviates from the com- footed. They wore no Garments but Linnen, hecaufe Ifis

mon Forms or Rules. Thus we fay an irregular Fortifica- wasthe firft who taught Mankind the Culture of this Com-

lion, an megular Building, an- irregular Figure, (gc. In modity. Sec Viodorus Sicuhs, mi Plutarch's ~

Grammar there are feveral Declinations and Conjuga- ISING-GLASS : See lilhyocoUa.

tions that are <rw«;«r, anomalous, or Heteroclites. A- ISLAND, a Traft of Ground encompaffed round with

mong Cafuifts the Term trreptldr is applied to a Perfon the Sea, or with Rivers. This Term is oppofed to the Con-

«„:,""?,., f ° renterm S "»o Orders, as being a tinent or Terra Firma. Some conclude from Gen. x. 5 ind

Ballard Maimed £?<■■• or to an Ecclefiaffic, who is in- from Eccl. xliii. 25. that Wands areas antient as the World

terdiUed, lulpended, or cenlured, and by that means ren- and that there were fome at the beginning. Whateverbe-

dered incapable of holding a Benefice, or difcharging any come of this Proof, 'tis by no means probable, that the

,BbS, rSnniti c ,-i • kr S e ^"*> far remote fromAe Continent, are new, or

ik.k±.(jULAK BODIES, are Solids not terminated that they either arofeoutof the Sea, or were torn from

by equal and like Surfaces. th c ma i n Land. Nor is it lefs true, that there have been