Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/490

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Thus the XVIIIth Law, de Verb, fignif. Abfenti 'bus The Press tifedby Inlaycrs, refembles the Joiner's Prefs,

r es donari dicantur, mtmera autem mini, & praifentia except that the Pieces of Wood are thicker, and that only

oferri. one of them is moveable; the other, which is in form of

There is no accoUing theEaftern Princes without making a TrefTel or Korfe, being fuitsin'd by two Lcs or Pillars

'em fine Prefents. Kings ufually make rich Prefents to jointed into it, at each end. Etnbafladors fent to their Courts, This Prefs ferves them for the fawing and cleaving the

PRESERVATIVE, in Medicine, a Remedy taken by Pieces of Wood required in Marquetry, or Inlaid Work,

way of precaution ; or to fecure a Man from a Difeafe that See Marqjjetry. threatens him. See Remedy. Founders Press, isa ftrong fquare Frame, confifting of

The principal <Prefervatives, according to Boerhaave, four Pieces of Wood, firmly join'd together with Tenons

are Abftinence, Eafe, drinking of warm Water, and after this, a gentle and continued Motion till the firft. appearance of Sweat ; then a profufe fleeping, the Body well cover'd.

By fuch means, crafs Humours are diluted, the VefTeis areloofen'd, and noxious Matters excreted. He adds, that the beft defence again!! the force of external Cold, is to leffen the Winter's Clothing late in the Spring, and to in- creafethe Summer's Clothing foon in Autumn.

£&?, This 'Prefs is of various Sizes, according to the Sizes of the Moulds ; two of them are required to each Mould, at the two Extremes whereof they are placed: fo as ihat by driving wooden Wedges between the Mould and the Sides of the Prejfes, the two parts of the Mould, wherein the Metal is ro be run, may be prefs'd clofe together. See

FoUNDERY.

<Printing P^ess^ is a very complex Machine, ferving to

In time of Plague, Preservatives are very neceffary prefs the Sheet of Paper upon the Forms, which the Work- againft the Contagion of the Air, &c. See Plague and man has rirft fmear'd orbeat over with Ink ; fo, as that the Contagion. Characters, or Types, whereof the Forms are compufed,

Generous Wines, Cardiacs, and Sudorifics are Preferva- may leave their Marks or Impreffions thereon. fives. Dr. Alprmms tells us, he made Incifions with a The Parts of this 'Prefs are the two Cheeks, the four Lancet in Ingutne dextro and finifiro, and put in Setons, to Planks, viz. the Cap, Head, Shelves anrl Winter, the Sack ' give paffage to the Venom; which proved an excellent of the 'Prefs, where the Ink is placed, the Spindle with its c prejervative againft the Plague that raged at Prague Nut, the ffofe with usHcoks, the Tlatten-Plate and its in 16^0. 'Plug, the Carriage, the Coffin, Gallows, ifympan with its

Dt.WenceflausDobr.Zensky de Nigra Tonte gives us an Joints, &c. Lafily, the Handle^ to bring the ^Plank on which univerfal Prefervative againft Infection in all Difeafe s. the Coffin is fix'd backwards and forwards; and the Bar to Whoever, fays he, in converting with Patients of any kind, work the Spindle, and frefs the Flatten on the Forms. would preferve himfelf from Infection, rauft, while he is See the Form and Ufe of thefe feveral Parts defenbed within the Sphere of the Steams, never fwallow his Spittle, under the Article F 'r int ing -Prefs.

but fpit it out : For he conceives it to be the Spittle that Rolling-pRuss, is a Machine ufed for the taking off fir ft imbibes the Infection. Prims from Copper-Plates. It is much lefs complex than

PRESIDENT, an Officer created, or elected, to prefide that of the Letter- Printer.'; : See its Defcription and Ufe over a Company, or Affembly; fo call'd in Contradiftinc- under the Article Rolling Prefi ;- Printing. tion to the other Members, who are term'd Rejidents. Press, in Coining, is one of the Machines ufed in the

Lord President of the Council, is the fourth great {hiking of Money; differing from the Balancier, in that it Officer of the Crown 5 as antient as the Time of K. Jhn-j has only one Iron Bar to give it Motion, and prefs the when he was ft i led Conciliarius Capitalis. See Council. Moulds or Coins ; is nor charg'd with Lead at its Extreme 5

His Bufinefs is to attend on the King, to propofe Bufinefs nor drawn by Cordage. See Coining. at the Council-Table, and to report to the King the feveral Binders-?* ess, or Cutting- Prefs, is a Machine ufed e- Tranfactions there. qually by Book-binders, Stationers, and Paftboard-makers 5

PRES1DIAL, a Tribunal, or Bench of Judges, efta- confifting of two large Pieces of Wood, in form of Cheeks, blifh'd in the feveral considerable Cities of France, to join'd by two ftrong wooden Screws, which being turn'd by judge, en dernier rejjort, or ultimately, of the feveral C-ifes an Iron Bar, drsw together, or f&t afunder the Cheeks, as brought before them, by way of Appeal from the fubaltern much as is neceffary for the putting in of the Books, or Judges. Papers, to be cut.

The (Prefidials make one Company with the Officers of The Cheeks are placed flat on a wooden Stand, in form the Bailli-ges and Senefchauffees, where they are efta- of a Cheft, into which the Cuttings fall. A-fide of the blilhed. Cheeks are two pieces of Wood, of the fame length with

The Edict of 1551, eftablifhes Prejidials under thefe the Screws; ferving to direct the Cheeks, and prevent their two Conditions; firft, that they may judge definitely, and approaching or opening unequally upon turning the Screw, without Appeal, to the Sum of 250 Livres, or 10 Livres Upon the Cheeks is the Shaft or Fuft, to which the Cut- per Annum. And, 2. to the Sum of 1500 Livres by Pro- tin^-Knife is faflen'd by a Screw, which has its Key to vifion. oifmount it on occafion to be fharpen'd.

When they judge in the former Cafe, they are obliged The Shaft confifts of feveral Parts ; among the reft, a to pronounce it with thefe Words, par Jugement dernier ; wooden Screw or Worm, which catching within the Nuts of in the fecond, par Jugement 'Prcfidial. the two Feet that fuftain it on the Cheeks, bring the Knife-

When they judge finally of Appeals from inferior Judges, to the Hook or Paper, which is faften'd in the Prefs between they may not pronounce the Sentence, or Appeal, an ns- two Boards. This Screw, which is pretty long, has two ant void; that Form only belonging to the Sovereign Directories or Pieces of Wood, which both as to their Form Courts : But are to pronounce fimply, that it has been and Effect, refemble thofe of the Screws of the Cheeks. Well or ill judged. To judge prejidi ally and finally, they To make the Shaft Aide fquare and even on the Cheeks, inuft be at leaft feven in number. fo that the Knife, pufh'd along by the Workman, may

PRESS in the Mechanic Arts, a Machine made of Iron, make an equal paring; that Foot of the Shaft where the or Wood ; ferving to fqueeze, or comprefs any Body, very Knife is not fix'd, has a kind of Groove, directed by a tightly. See Machine and Compression. Thread faften'd along one of the Cheeks. Laftly, the

The Ordinary 'Preffes confift of fix Members, or Pieces ; Knife is a piece of Steel, fix or feven Inches long, flar, thin viz. two flat, fmooth Planks, between which the Things and fharp; terminating at one end in a point like that of a

to be prefs'd are laid ; two Screws, or Worms, faften'd to the lower Plank, and parting thro' two Holes in the upper ; and two Nuts in form of an S, ferving to drive the upper Plank, which is moveable, againft the lower, which is lia- ble, and without Motion.

Presses ufed for expreffmg of Liquors, are of various Kinds; fome, in moft refpefts the fame with the common

Sword; and at the other in a fquare form, which ferves to fallen it to the Shaft. See Book Binding.

Press, in the Woollen Manufactory, is a large wooden Machine, ferving to prefs Cloths, Serges, Ratines, &c. thereby to render them fmooth and even, and to give them a Glofs. See Cloth, ?$c.

This Machine confifts of feveral Members; the princl-

Prejfes ; excepting that* the under Plank is perforated pal whereof are the Chseks, the Nut, and the Worm cr with a great number of Holes, to let the Juice exprefs'd, Screw, accompany'd with its Bar, which ferves to turn ir

run thro' into a Tub, or Receiver, underneath. Others

have only one Screw, or Arbor, pafling thro' the middle of the moveable Plank; which is made to defcend into a kind of fquare Box, full of Holes on all fides, thro' which the Juices flow in proportion as the Arbor is turn'd, by means of a little Lever apply'd thereto.

Tihe Press ufed by Joiners, to keep clofe the Pieces they have glued; especially Panncls, &c. of Wai'nfcot, is very fimple; confift ing of four Members, viz. two Screws and

round, and make it defcend perpendicularly on the middle of a thick wooden Plank, under which the Stuffs to be prefs'd are placed. See Pressing.

The Calender is alfo a kind of Prefs, ferving to prefs otf calender Linens, Silks, $£c. See Calender.

PRESSING, in the Manufactures, the Action of violently fqueezing a Cloth, Stuff, Linnen, &c. in a Prefs, to ren- der it even, fmooth, polifh'd, and trlotfy. See Cloth, &c.

This, in the Silken and Linnen Manufactures, they pro-

two Pieces of Wood, four or five Inches fquare, and two perly call Calendrivg. See Calender.

or three Foot long, whereof the Holes at the two Ends There are two manners of PreJJhg j the one hot, the 0-

ferve for Nuts to the Screws. ther ecld.

Method