Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/476

 POU

The fecond Divifion of fhe5>«.W is into two half 'Pounds ; the half Found into two Quarters; the Quarter into two Demi-quarters; the_ Demi-quarter into two Ounces; the Ounce into two half Ounces, t£c.

The firfi Divifion is ufually follow'd in weighing Gold, Silver, and other precious Wares ; and the latter in thofe of .lefs value.

At Lyons the Foundis 14 Ounces. One hundred 'Paris

Founds make jio" Lyon 'Pounds. At Venice, the Pound

is equal to eight Ounces, three Quarters of the French 'Pound, &c.

For thcfeveral Pounds of the feveralCities end Countries, their 'Proportion, Reduction, XHviJion, &c. fee Weight.

Pound is alfo an imaginary Money, ufed in accounting ; containing more or lefs, according to the feveral Names added to it, and the feveral Countries it is ufed in. See Money.

Thus in England we fay a Found Sterling ; in France, a 'Pound, or Livre Tbumois and Farifis ; in Holland and Flanders a 'Pound, or Livre dc Grofs, &c.

The Term took its rife hence, that the antient 'Pound Sterling, tho' it only contain'd 24.0 Pence, as ours does, yet each Penny being equal to five of ours, the 'Found of Silver weigh'd a 'Found Troy. SeePENNY.

1 he Found Sterling, or EngliJIi Found, contains twenty Shillings, the Shilling twelve Pence, and the Penny four Farthings. See Shilling, Penny, (Sc Seealfo Coin.

Antiently there were three ways of paying a Found of Money into the Exchequer. i°. The payment oi 0. Found dc numero, which was juft twenty Shillings in 'Pale. z". Adfcalam, which was 6 d. over and above the 20 s. 5°. Adpenfam, which was giving the full Weight of twelve Ounces.

The French Found, or Livre, Fournois, contains twenty Sols or Shillings, and the Sol 12 Deniers or Pence Tbumois ; which was the Value of an antient French Coin call'd Franc, a Term ffill fynonomous with Livre. See Franc.

The found, or Livre Tbumois contains, in like manner, 20 Sols or Shillings, and the Sol 12 Deniers or Pence Pa- rijis. Each Sol Farijis is equal to 1 5 Deniers Tbumois ; fo that a 'Pound Farijis is equal to 2 5 Sols T'oumois. Thirteen one third Deniers Toumois is equal to a Penny Sterling ; fo that the Found Sterling is equal to 1 5 Founds or Livres, 6 Sols, and 8 Deniers at French Money ; and the Found French to 18 d.Englip ; which is to be underftood when the Ex- change is on the foot of fifty four Pence Sterling for a French Crown, or Ecu of Co Sols T'oumois ; which is the Par between France and England. See Livre and Par.

TheFound or Livre de Gros of Holland is divided into 20 Shillings Gros, and the Shilling into la Pence Gros. It is equal to fix Florins ; the Florin valued ar 24 Sols T'oumois ; fuppofing the Exchange on the footing of 100 Pence Gros for a French Crown of 5 Livres T'oumois ; fo that the Found Gros amounts to 10 Shillings and 11 Pence Farthing Sterling. The 'Found Gros of Flanders and Brabant is divided like that of Holland, and like that too, is equal to three Florins : but the F'iorin is equal to 25 Sols Tbumois; fo that the Flanders Found is equal to 1 Livres, 10 Sols T'oumois, or ni. 5 d. Sterling.

Merchants, Factors, Bankers, Sic. ufe Characters, or initial Letters to exprefs the feveral kinds of Founds of Account, as L. or L. St. Founds Sterling. L. G. Founds Gros ; and L- or ft. Founds Toumois.

Pound is alfo an Inclofure, or ftrong Place, where Cattle dillrained, or caught in any Trefpafs, are put till they are replevied or redeemed. See Trespass, Replevy, SSc.

The Found is either overt or clofe. Found Overt, or Of en Found, is that built upon the Lord's Wafte ; and thence alfo call'd the Lord's Found ; becaufe he provides it for the ufe of himfelf and his Te- nants.

Found Overt alfo includes Back-fides, Court- Yards, Failure-Grounds, or any Place whatever.

To this Found the Owner of the Beafls impounded may come to give them Meat and Drink, without Offence of their being there, or his coming thither.

Pound Clofe, on the contrary, isfuchanone asthe Owner cannot come to for the faid purpofe without Offence ; as fome clofe Houfe, Callle, Fortrefs,ci?c.

POUNDAGE, a Subfidy granted to the King upon all manner of Merchandize, and of all Merchants, Derjizens, and Strangers ; whether imported, or exported. See Duty.

It is call'd Poundage, becaufe fixed at the Rate of fo much per Pound; viz. one Shilling in every Pound, or

It was firft granted to Henry VI. for Term of his Life; and afterwards to K. Charles II. Anno 11 Car. 2.

PGUP, Fuppis, in Navigation, the hind-part of a Vef- fel, or that where the Helm is fixed ; call'd alfo Stcru. See Stern.

(8?3 )

POU

TheFrench frequently call it gtteue, Tail; becauieths Hel u m > he. re, "FPU' n\/erves the lame purpofes in a Ship as the lail does tolilhes. Sea Helm

It is divided into three or four Stories. The lowed, at the bottom of the keel, is the Bifant Room: The fe- cond in the firfi Deck ,s for the Gunnery ; here the Helm is ufually found ; tho' the Perfon who guides it, is above, and turns it by a Bar pafs'd thro' a Hole : over this is the Captain s Apartment, before which is the Armory wherein is the Compafs, the Hour-Glafs, &c. over this is 'the Pilot's Cabbin, and that of fome other Officers ; over, is the Pharos or Lanthorn, with the Flag.

All thefe togeihcr form the Foup-Cajlle, or Hind-Caflle - the outfide whereof is richly adorned with Balconies, Gal- leries, Pilafters, Trophies, the Arms of the Prince, »?c.

To have the Wind in Poup, is to have it behind, or fa- vourable. See Wind.

Some Vcffels have their Foup fquare, others round.

The Word is form'd from the Latin, Fuppis.

In the Sea-Language, the Foup is ftrictly the Floor, or Deck over the Round-Houfe, or Mailer's Cabbin • beina the higheft part of her Hull a-ftern.

VOUR-Partie, or Pour-Party, in Law, a Term ufed in oppofition to^ra Indivifo. See Pro Indivifo.

To make Pourpartie, is to divide and fever the Lands that fall to Parceners; which before Partition, they held jointly and pro Indivifo.

I'ovR-Prefture, in Law, is defined by Glanville to be, when any thing is unjullly occupied, that properly belong'd to the King ; as in encroaching on his Grounds, obftructing the King's High-ways, diverting publick Rivers from their proper Courfe, or building any thing over the High-Strecrs of a City ; and in the general, where any thing is done to the prejudice of the King's Tenements, High-ways, or Cities.

Crompton in his Jurifd. fays, Pour-prejlure is properly when a Man takes to himfelf, or encroaches any thing which he ought not; whether it be in Jurifdiction, in Land, or in Franchife; and, generally, where any thing is done to the Nuifance of the King's Tenants.

Some Authors divide Pour-prejlure into three kinds : The firft againft the King, the fecond againit the Lord, the third againit a Neighbour.

Pour-prejlure againft the King, lib. Nig. in Schac. fol. 38. is that happening thro' the Negligence of the Sheriff, or the long Continuance of Wars, &c. when thofe that have Lands near the Crown-Lands, inclofe part of them, or lay them to their own.

Fourprefmre againft the Lord, is when the Tenant neg- lects to perform what he is bound to do for the chief Lord, or deprives him of his Right.

Pour-prefture againft a Neighbour, is a Nuifance againft a Neighbour, lie. mention'd in the Afcnafl. T'onl. I.

POURSU1VANT, a Meffenger, antichtly attending the King, in his Wars, or at Council -Table, or in the Exche- quer; to be difpatch'd upon any Occalion or Meffage: as for the Apprehenfion of a Perfon fofpeded, or accufed, i$c.

Many of the Nobility, too, had their Fourfuivants: A Knight Banneret was allow'd a Pourfuivant, with the Con- fent of a Herald.

The Word is form'd from the French pourfuivre, to pur- fue. There were alfo Tourfuivants particularly employ'd in Martial Caufes, call'd

Poursuivants at Arms; a Term antiently apply'd to Gentlemen, who attended the Heralds, and afpir'd to their Office; to which they could not rife, till after feven Tears Apprenticefhip pafs'd in this Quality. See Herald.

They were entirely dependant on the Heralds, and af- fifted at their Chapter; officiating for them in preparing and affigning Tournaments and all other parts of their Minillry..

They were baptiz'd at folemn Feafls with fome gallant Name ; as Jolicaur, Verluifant, Sanfmentir, Sic.

Their Coats of Arms were different from thofe of the Heralds, and they bore plain Staffs without Ornament.

Of the great Number of Pourfitivants antiently on foot, there are now only four remaining; viz. Blue-Mantle, Rouge-Crofs, Rouge-Dragon, and Portcullice.

Their Bufinefs is to attend with the Heralds in marfhalling and ordering public Solemnities, Funerals, Interviews, Ca- valcades, £5?c. SeeCoLLECE of Arms.

Upton, de Re Militari, calls the Pourfuivants, Milites Linguares ; becaufe, fays he, their chief Honour was in Cuftcdia LingUif.

He divides them into Foot and Horfe Pourfuivants, Cur- fores Equitantes ii Frofeeutores. Stoiv, fpeaking of Ri- chard the Third's End, has thefe Words : " His Body was " naked to the Skin ; not lo much as one Clout about him,. " and was trufs'd behind a Pourfuivant at Amis, like a " Hog, or a Calf.

10 II POUR-