Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/462

 PO M

ihe Calyx falling with it.as the Chelidonium Minus-, or remain- ing after the Flower is dropp'd, as in the Hepatica Mo- bilis. 2° Of fill! Leaves, in fome deciduous with the Flow- er, as in the Ranunculus ; in others Perennial, as in the Hel- lebores niger ferulaceus ; or annual, as in the Flos Adonisi 3° Of eight Leaves, as the Malva and Alcea. 4 Of tea Leaves as theCarrophylla, Fragrarius, Pentaphyllum, Tormentillaj Argentina, Althea, and Pentaphylloides.

2° Such as have no Calyx, or Perianthium ; as the Clematis, Filipendula, Ulmaria, Anemone Nemorum, Pulfatilla, &c.

POLYSYLLABICAL Ecchoes, thofe which repeat many Syllables, or Words. See Eccho.

POLYSYLLABLE, in Grammar, a Word confiding of more than three Syllables. See Word and Syllable.

A Word of one Syllable is called a Monofyllable ; one of two, Dijyllable; one of three, Trifyllable; one of four or more, Polyfyllable. See Monosyllable, &-c.

The Word comes from the Greek m*v, multum, and ji/Wuif©-, Syllable.

POLYSYNDETON, in Rhetoric, a Figure confid- ing in an abundance of Conjunctions Copulative. See Fi- gure and Copulative.

Such is, Me, pre ceteris & colit & obfervat & diligit.

In oppofition to this Hands Ajyndeton. See Asyndeton.

P O L Y T H E 1 S M, the Doftrine or Belief of a Plurality of Gods. See God.

The Word comes from the Creek mAu, multum, and etJt, Deus. See Idolatry, &c.

P M A D A, an Exercife of vaulting the wooden Horfe, by laying one Hand over the Pommel of the Saddle.

POMATUM, or Pomado, a Compofition of Apples, with Lard and other fatty Subftance •, ufed by way of Un- guent on many Occafions, particularly for Difeafes of the Skin, Pimples, Scurfs, &c. to foften the Hands, render the Skin fmooth, the Complexion frefh, &c. See Unguent.

Pomatums are occafionally made with Jeffamines, Oran- ges, Jonquills, Tuberofes, &c. i. e. they are perfumed with the Odours of thofe Flowers.

The bed is faid to be that prepared of Kid's Greafe, Pip- pins, an Orange flie'd, with a Glafs of Rofe-Water, and half a Glafs of White-wine, boil'd - and ftrain'd, and at lad fprinkled with Oil of fweet Almonds.

The Unguentum Pomatum prefcribed in the College Difpen- fary confifts of Hog's Lard,Sheep's Suet, the Apple call'd Pome- water, Rofe Water, and OrriceRoot, boil'd till the Apples are (bit, ftrain'd and perfumed with Oil of Rhodium.

Dr. Quincy obferVes, that the Apple is of no Significancy at all in the Recipe ; and that the common Pomatum fold in the Shops is only Lard beat into a Cream, with Rofe- Water, and fcented with Lemons, Thyme, or the like.

POME, among Gardeners To Pome is to grow or

knit into a round Head, fomewhat like an Apple.

Thus, they fay a Cabbage begins to Pome, &c. They

fometimes ufe the Term to cabbage in the fame Scnfe.

POMEGRANATE, Cranatum, a medicinal Fruit, in Form of an Apple or Quince ; full of Seeds or Kernels, en- clos'd within a reddifh Pulp, fometimes fweet, fometimes acid. See Fruit.

It is denominated from its Abundance of Grains or Ker- nels; q.d. Pomum Cranatum, a KerneVd Apple; or from the Country where it was anciently produced, viz. Granada.

The Granada Tree is of two Kinds, the one wild, which

Jiroduces a Kind of Flowers ufed in Pharmacy, called Ba- aujtia. See Balaustia.

The other cultivated in Gardens; whereof there are a- gain two Kinds ; the one only bearing Flowers ; the other,

both Flowers and Fruit. The Flowers of each are in-

clofed in an oblong purple Calyx, refembling a Bell.

The Trees never grow high ; their Branches are a little prickly; their Leaves referable thofe of the greater Myrtle, and their Fruit, which is compofed of a great Number of red angular Grains, fometimes fweet, fometimes four, and fometimes vinous, according to the Quality of the Tree, are all inclos'd in little diftinft Cells, and cover'd, in common, with a thick brownifh Rind ; over this grows a Kind of Crowning, of the fame Nature with the Rind, form'd of a Production of the Calyx.

In the general, Pomegranates are not only agreeable to the Tafte, but good for the Stomach; and of confiderable Ufe in Medicine.

Of the Grains are made Syrups and Conferves ; and the Rind, which is held very aftringent, is an Ingredient in feveral Remedies and Ptifans, for Dyfenteries, Diarrhea's, Lienteries, Hsemorrhagies, and Relaxations of the Gums.

The Ancients ufed the Rind as the Moderns do Sumac,

in the Preparation of Leather.

The Rind ought always to be dry'd, after the Grains are taken out; that dry'd without fcouping always rafting mufty,
 * nd more likely to increafe the Diftempers than cure them.

As to the Conferve, there is but little of the true fold ; being


 * ery difficult to make That which ordinarily paffes for it is

Pnly Sugar melted down ; to which they give the Colour and,
 * 1) «rp Tafte, with Cochineal, Cream of Tartar, and Atumn,

f M E I s, iu Heraldry, are gjeen Rouadles } f called bf.

C 8 55 )

PON

the EngliJhWtuMs; who exprefs different colour'd Roundie* by didinft Names. The French, who content themfelves to denote the different Colour of the Roundle, call them Tor- teaux Vert, See Torteaux.

POMIFEROUS; ? . d. Apple-bearing, in Botany, a Name given to thofe Plants which have the largeft Fruit, and are cover'd with a thick hard Rind; by which they are diftinguifh'd from the Bacciferous, wiiich have only a thin Skin over the Fruit. See Plant and Bacciierous.

_ The Pimifcrous Kind have a naked monopetalons Flower, divided into five Partitions, and growing on the lop of the

fuceeeding Fruit. They are divided into i c. Capreolate, or

thofe creeping along the Ground, &c. by means of Ten- drills ; as the Cucurbita, Melo Cucumis, Cepo, Belfamlna, Anguria, and Colocynthis. See Cap'reo'li.

And, 2. without Capreoli, or Tendrils, as the Cucurbi- ta Clypetea, or Melb-Cepo Clypeiforrais.

The Word is form'd from Pomum, Apple, and fero, I bear*

POMMEE, or Pommette in Heraldry. — a Crofs-Pom- mei or Pommette, call'd alio a Trophee, is a Crofs with a Ball or Knob at each End. See Cross.

POMMEL, or Pummel in the Manage, a Pijce of Brafs or other Matter atop and in the Midfle of the Saddle-Bow, to which are fiften'd the Holders, Stirrup Leathers, &c. See Saddle.

Pommel is alfo a round Ball of Silver, Steel, or the like, fix'd at the End of the Guard and Grafp of a Sword ; to ferve in fome meafure as a Counterpoife.

Balzac obferves, that there are dill extant Charters and Privileges granted by Charlemaign, and fealed with ihs. Pom- mel of his Sword, which, ordinarily, he promifes to d^end with the fame Sword. See Seal, Signature, &c.

POMP. See Circus, Cavalcade, 6^c.

PO M P H O L Y X, or white Calamine, in Pharmacy, the, Flowers of Brafs ; or a white, lighi and friable Subftancej found adhering to the Lid or Covcrcle Of the Crucibles or Furnaces, wherein Copper is melted with Calamine Stonej for the making of Brafs. See Brass, Calamine, &c.

It is eftcem'd detei five and deficcatiVe, tho' only apply'd externally; and much ufed in divers Kinds of Fevers : tho' its Violence requires its being ufed With great Precaution.

The Apothecaries fometimes call it Nil or Nihili Alburn^ and fometimes white Tutty, in regard of its Refemblance thereto in Virtue. See Tutty.

The Word is form'd froni the Greek wwoai/J, "J- A Bub\ hie arijing on Water,

POMUM Adami, in Anatomy, a Protuberance in tits Fore-part of the Throat. See Throat.

Some fancy it thus called upon a ftrange Conceit, that a Piece of the forbidden Apple, which Adam eat, duck by the 1 Way, and was the Occifion of it.

In reality, it is only the Convex Part of the firft Carti- lage of the Larynx, called Scuiiformis. See Larynx and

SCUTIFORMTS.

POND, in Geography, a little Lake, which neither re- ceives nor emits any River. See Lake and River.

P O N D E R A R E, in our ancient Cuftoms, a Method of curing fick Children.

The Practice was, ponderare, to weigh, the fick Child, at the Tomb of fome Saint, counterpoifing, or ballancing the Scale with Money, Wheat-Bread, or any other thing the Parents were willing to offer to God, his Siints, or the Church.__i But a Sum of Money was always to make Part of the Coun- ter-balance. By this Means the Cure was effected Ad fe-

pulchrum Santti, Nummo fe ponder abat. — —

PO N DU S, Weight. See WEfoHT.

PoNDus,in ancient Records, is a Duty paid to the King ac- cording to the Weight of Merchandises.- See Poundage.

P o n d u s Regis, the Standard-Weight, anciently appoint- ed by the King. See Standard.

PONE, a Writ, whereby a CauTe depending in th6 County, or other inferior Courr, Is removed to the Com' mon Pleas. Se^.WRiT, &c. Court, &c.

Pone per Vadium, is a Writ commanding the Sheriff to take Surety of one for his Appearance at a Day affign'd'. See Surety, Vadium, &c.

PONIARD, a little pointed Dagger, very fharp-edg'd ; bore in the Hand, or at the Girdle, or hid in the Pocket.

The Poniard was anciently in very great Ufe, but is now irt good meafure fet afide, except among Aflafiins. See Assassin.

Sword and Poniard were the ancient Arms of Duelifls ; and are faid to continue dill fo among the Spaniards.— The Practice of Sword and Poniard dill make a part of the £x-> ercife tanght by the Maders of Defence.

The Word is form'd from the French Poignard, and that from Peignee, Handful.

PONS Varoli, or Varolii, Or Pons Cerebri, in Anatomy, the upper Part of a Duft in the third Ventricle of the Brain ; fituate in the Cerebellum, and leading to the Infundibulum. See Brain, Ventricle, Infundibulum, &c.

It is thus called from its Dilcoverer Varolius, an Italian Phyfician, who flourifh'd in the Univerfity of Padua about die Year/ 1572.

10 H PONTAGE,