Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/447

 PLU

(840)

P N E

tiers of die timer Diameter of the Pipe.— This Core is pafs'd thro' two Copper Rundles, one at each end of the Mould, which they ferve to clofe, and to thefe Rundles is ioin'd a little Copper Tube about two Inches long, and of theThicknefs the leaden Pipe is intended to be of.— By means of thefe Tubes the Core is retained In the middle of the Cavity of the Mould.

The Core being in the Mould, with the- Rundles at its two Ends, and the Lead melted in the Furnace; they take it up in a ladle and pour it into the Mould by a little Aperture at one End, made in form of a Funnel.

When the Mould is full, and the Metal cold, they pafs the Hook of the Girt into a Hole at the End of the Core, and turning the Mill with the Hand, draw out the Core.— They then open the Mould, and take out the Pipe.

If they defire to have the Pipe lengthened •, they put one End thereof in the lower End of the Mould, and pafs the End of the Core into it; then (hut the Mould again and ap- ply itsRundle and Tube as before, the Pipe juft call serving for Rundles, ere. at the other End.

Things thus replaced, they pour in frefh Metal into the Mould; thus repeating the Operation till they have got a Pipe of the Length required.

Pipes made of Sheet- Lead foldered.

The Plumbers have wooden Cylinders, or Rollers, of the Length and Thick nefs required; and on thefe they form their Pipes, by wrapping the Sheet around 'em ; foldering up

the Edges all along, thus After grating the Lead well

with a Grater, they rub Rofin over the Part thus grated ; then pour on it fome Solder melted in a Ladle, or elfemelt it with a hot foldering Iron, fmeering thofe Parts where they would not have the Solder catch with Chalk, or the Soil of the Hand.

The Solder which the Plumbers ufe, is a Mixture of two Pounds of Lead with one of Tin. See Solder, fee alfo Tin and Tinning.

PLUMBUM. See Lead.

P l u m b u u-uftum, among Chymifts, a Composition made of two Parts of Lead, and one Part of Sulphur. See Lead.

PLUME Allum, Alumen Plumofum. See Alum.

Plumes, a Set or Bunch of Oftrich-Feathers, pull'd out of the Tail and Wings, and made up to ferve for Or- nament in Funerals, &c.

Plume, in Falconry, is the general Colour or Mixture of the Feathers of a Hawk ; which (hews her Constitution. See Hawk.

When a Hawk feizes her Prey and difmantles it of its Feathers, (he is faid to plume it.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Pluma, Feather.

Plume, or Plumule, in Botany, a little Member of the Grain, or Seed of a Plant ■, being that which in the Growth of the Plant becomes the Stem or Trunk thereof. See Seed and Stem.

The Plume is inclofed in a Cavity form'd in the Lobes

on Purpofe for its Reception 'Tis almoft of the fame

Colour with the Radicle, or little Root, on the Bafis where- of it is-fuftain'd. See Radicle.

The Plume is the firft Part that appears out of the Earth : as, in effect, 'tis the Part that firft appears out of the Mem- brane or Cover of the Seed; there being a Hole overagainft it in the Membrane, thro' which it makes its Efcape.

'Tis the Appearance of the Plume without the Cavity of the Grain, that makes what we call the Bud or Germ of a Plant. See Germination ; fee alfo Plant.

The Plume is fo call'd, becaufe confiding of feveral Pieces

bound together in manner of a Feather. In Corn, the

Plume is that which after the Radicle is (hot forth, (hoots out towards the fmaller End of the Seed ; whence fome call it the Acre-fart. See Acrospire, Malt, &c.

PLUMMET, Plum z-Rule, or P l u m B-Line, an In- ftrument ufed by Mafons, Carpenters, &c. to draw Perpen- diculars withal; in order to judge whether Walls, &c, be upright, Planes, horizontal, and the like.

It is thus call'd from a Piece of Lead, Plumbum, fattened to the End of a Thread or Cord, which ui'ually conftitutes this Instrument.

Sometimes the String defcends along a Ruler of Wood or Metal rais'd perpendicularly on another ; in which Cafe it becomes a Level. See Level.

At Sea the Plummet is ufed by the Pilot to found the Depth of the Sea. See Sounding.

PLURAL, in Grammar, a particular Inflexion of Nouns, and Verbs, whereby they come to exprefs a Plurality or Number of things. See Number.

The Latins, Englifii, &c. have only two Numbers, Singu- lar and Plural ; the Greeks and Hebrew have three, Singular, Dual, and Plural. SeeDoAL.

In Latin, &c. both Nouns and Verbs have ufually diftinft Terminations to their different Numbers ; in Englijb, Nouns

Substantives ufually become plural by the Addition of aii or es to the Singular. See Singular. *

Nouns Adjeftives are the fame in both Numbers- and in Verbs, the Number is diftinguilh'd by that of th' Pronouns. See Number, Adjective, Verb, Pronoun

PLURALITY, a difcrete Quantity, confiding of two or a greater Number. '

A Plurality of Worlds is a thing which Mr. Huygens has en; deavoured to prove in his Cofmotbeoros.— The lime is Ife" wife contended for in a very pretty Treatife of M. Fentaietie under that Title. '

See the chief Arguments for a Plurality of Worlds, under the Articles Moon; Planet, and Earth.

The greateft Abfurdity in the Pagan Theolosv; is. th? Plurality cf Cods. See God.

The Plurality of Benefices is a thing tolerated in the Church but never approved of. See Benefice.

'Twas the Smallnefs of fome Benefices that firft gave oc- cafion to Pluralities; for an Eccleliaftic not being able to fublift on a fingle one, was allowed to hold two : at length the Number increafed without Bounds.

The Abufe was endeavoured to be remedied at the Coun- cil of Lateran under Alexander 111. and Innocent III, when the holding more than one Benefice was exprefsly for- bid by a Canon ; but the fame Canon granting the Pope a Power to difpenfe with it in Favour of Perfons of diftin- guifh'd Merit, there were fo many found a Title to this Merit, that the Prohibition became ufelefs.

In Germany, the Pope grants Difpenfations for poffeffing a Plurality of Benefices, on Pretence that the Eccleliaftic Princes there, need large Revenues to bear up against the Proteftant Princes.

PLUS, in Algebra, a Term commonly ufed for maius, more.

Its Character is -f. See Character.

Thus 4 + 10 = 14 is read, four, plus, or more, 10, is equal to 14. See Quantity; fee alfo Addition, &c.

PLUSH, in Commerce, &c. a Kind of Stuff, having a Sort of Velvet Nap or Shag on one Side; compofed of a Woof of a fingle woolen Thread, and a double Warp, the one Wool, of two Threads twifted, the other Goats-hair.

Pluf/j is manufactured like Velvet, on a Loom with three

three Steps or Treddles Two of thefe feparate and de-

prefs the woolen Warp, and the third raits the Hair- Warp ; upon which the Workman throwing the Shuttle, panes the Woof between the woolen and Hair- Warp; and, afterwards, laying a brafs Broach under that of the Hair, he cuts it thereon with a Knife deftined for that Ufe, conducing the Knife on the Broach which is made a little hollow, all its Length; and thus gives the Surface of the Plufii an Appea- rance of Velvet. See Velvet.

Some afcribe the Invention of PluJIi to the Engliflj; others fay it was firft made in Holland, and particularly at Haer-

lem. Be this as it will ; 'tis certain, the French are the

People who make the 1110ft of it; there being feveral very considerable PluJIi Manufactures at Amiens, Abbeville, and Compiegne.

There are other Kinds of Fluffs, all of Silk; fome of which have a pretty long Nap on one Side, fome on both.

Plush, among Botanifts, a Name given to the middle of Rofis, Anemonies, &c. call'd Thrum, or Thrummy Heads; by others, hairy Heads, Buttons, Bofi, Tuft, or Wort.

PLUVIAL, Pluviale, anciently signified a Hood, or Cloak, which Ecclefiafticks, chiefly Religious, wore in the Country ; to fhelter themlelves from the Rain : by the Latins call'd Pluvialis Lacuna.

The Word is now ufed in the Romijli Church, for a large Hood wore by the Chantor and Sub-Deacon, at Mifs and Vefpers, &c It covers the whole Man, and is fixed be- fore with two Clafps.

PLUVIUS, in Antiquity, an Attribute of Jupiter; im- plying him the Author of Rain : q. d. he that fends Rain. See Rain.

Among the BalTo Relievo's of the Anthonine Column, in the Place where the Miracle of the Thundering Legion is re- prefented; we fee a flying Man in the Air, his Arms spread out, and with a very long Beard, which feems to dilTolve

into Rain The Learned take this to be a Representation

oi Jupiter Pluvius. See Fulminating Legion.

PNEUMATICKS, Pneumatics, call'd alfo Pneumatology and Pneumatosophy, the Doctrine and Contemplation of Spirits and Spiritual Subftan- ces. See Spirit.

The Word is form'd of the Greek »?<£(*«, Spiritus, Breath; whence, from the different Acceptations of that Word, ei- ther as an incorporeal Substance, or as Air, there arife two forts of Pneumaticks.

Pnbumaticks, in the Schools, is frequently ufed for the Doftrine of Spirits; as God, Angels, the human Mind. See Spirit, God, Angel, Soul, &-c.

is