Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/43

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interims made 3 the one call'd the Interim of Letyfic; the other made by the Divines of Tranconia, who refuting to accept the two former, made another for themfelves.

INTERLINEATION, fomething inferted between two Lines.

INTERLOCUTORY ORDER, is that which decides not the Caufe, but only fettles fome intervening Matter relating to the Caufc b as where an Order is made by Mo- tion in Chancery, for the Plaintiff to have an Injunction, to quit his Poffcifion till the hearing of the Caufe : This, or any other Such Order, not being final, is interlocutory,

INTERLOPE, is to intercept or difturb the Traffic of a Company; to take up a new Trade or Employment, to the prejudice of thole who were brought up in it : And Interlopers arc properly thofe, who without due Au- thority hinder the Trade of a Company or Corporation lawfully eftablim'd, by dealing in the fame way.

INTERLUCATION, in Husbandry, is a letting in of Light between, by lopping, or cutting away of Boughs.

INTERLUDE, an Entertainment exhibited on the Theatre between the Acts of a Play ; to amufe the Specta- tors while the Actors take breath, and miff their Drefs 5 or to give time for changing the Scenesand Decorations. Thefe Interludes n^uOiWy coniift of Songs, Dances, Feats of Activity, Conforts of Mufic, l$c. In the antient Tragedy, the Cho- rus fung the Interlude*, to ihew the Intervals between the Acts. Arijhtle and Horace give it for a Rule, that the In- terludes fhould confift of Songs built on the principal Parts of the Drama : But fince the Chorus has been laid down, Dancers, Buffoons, <£c. ordinarily furnifh the Interludes.

INTERMEDIATE, fomething betwixt two. It is u- fually underitood of the Space of Time elapfed from any certain Point to any other.

INTERMEWING, in Falconry, is an Hawk's Mewi^ from the firft Change of her Coat till fhe turn white.

INTERMITTENT fignifies a Ccfl'ation of any parti- cular Action for fome time, and that Time is called the Interval; Thus Fevers which go off, and foon return a- gain, as alfo any other Diilempers, are called Intermittens in opposition to thofe which are always continued j and a Pulfe which after fo many Strokes, {lops, or lofes one in its due time, is call'd an intermitting Pulfe. With regard to this it has been obferved, that as often as the Ventri- cle is much inflated with Wind, the Nervus or Tlexus Car- xliacus at its Orifice mull: fuffer a Contraction, which being continued to the Heart, will occafion a Twitching ; and this, as it is more or lefs violent, will produce a fimple Intermifllon of Pulfe, or a real Palpitation of the Heart.

INTERNAL ANGLES, are all Angles made by the Sides of any right-lin'd Figure within : alfo the two Angles between the parallel Lines on each fide the crufling Line, as and d, c and c in the Figure are call'd the two internal Angles y and are always equal to two right ones. The Angles c and d are alfo called internal and oppofite An- gles in refpect of a and b. The Sum of all the internal singles of any right-lin'd Figure, is e- qual to twice as many right Angles as the Figure hath Sides, except 4. For fince every fuch Figure from a Point taken with- in it, can be divided into as many Triangles as it hath Sides, and fince the Sum of the Angles of each Triangle is equal to z right Angles (32, Trop.i.Eucl.) that will make twice as many Angles as the Figure hath Sides 5 from which Sum take away all thofe Angles about the Point c, which (by 13. Trof. 1. End.) are equal to 4 right Angles, wherefore the remaining Sum of all the internal Angles is equal to twice as many right Angles. as the Figure hath Sides, except 4.

INTERNODII, in Botany, are thofe little Spaces con- tamed between any two Knots or Joints of the Stalk of a Plant ; and in Anatomy, the Extenfores Follich, which fee, are alfo fo called.

INTEROSSEI MANUS, are the Mufcles which move ™e fingers, thus called from their Situation, as being contained between the Spaces of the Bones of the MetZ carjms: Some reckon fix of them, and others eight ; the 2Ll £«, bctween ^ Spaces thefe Bones leave to- wards the Palm of the Hand, and they are called the in- ternal Interofei, arifing from the upper part of the Bones

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of the Metacarpus pext the Carpus; and being inferted on the internal Sides, of the firft Bones of the Pincers with the Lumbneales, they are the JdduBores Dipiontm, for they bring the Fingers to the Thumb. The other half are con- tained in the Spaces that the Bones of the Metacarpus eave on the Back of the Hand ; they rife from the upper Part of the Bones of the Metacarpus, next the Carpus, and are inferred on the external Sides of the firlt Bones of the Fingers ; and thefe are the MduSores Digitorum, for they draw the Fingers from the Thumb.

Interoffei Pedis, the Mufcles which move the Toes ; in Number, tJfe, Origin, and Infertion, they anfwer exaftly to thole of the Hand. See Interoffei Mams.

INTERPOLATION, a Term ufed by the Critics in ipeakmg of antient Writings and Manufcripts, to which fome fpurious Additions or Alterations have been fince made. For the afcertaining an Interpolation, P. Ruinart gives us the five following Rules, i. That the Piece fup- pofed to be interpolated appear to have all the Antiquity it pretends to. 2. That there be good Proofs that it has been interpolated. 3. That the fuppofed Interpola- tions agree to the Time of the Interpolator. 4. That the Interpolations don't touch the Foundation of the Work, be not too frequent, nor entirely disfigure the Piece. 5. That the Reftitution made, agree perfectly to the reft of the Work.

INTERPOSITION, the Situation of a Body between two others hiding them, or preventing their Action." Thus the Eelipfe of the Sun is occafion'd by an Interpofi- tianoi the Moon between the Sun and us 5 and that of the Moon by the Interfofuion of the Earth between the Sun and Moon.

INTERPRETER, aPerfon who explains theThoughts, Words, or Writings of fome others, which before were unintelligible. The word Interpret, according to Ifidore, is compofed of the Prepofition inter and partes, as fignify- ing a Perfon in the middle betwixt two Parties, to make them mutually underftand each other's Thoughts. O- thers derive it from inter and prxs, i. e. Fidejuffbr, a Perfon who cautions another.

There have been great Debates about interpreting the Scripture : The Romanilis contend, that it belongs abfo- lutely to the Church, adding, that where fhe is filent, Reafon may be cor.fulted ; but where the fpeaks, Reafon is to be difregarded. The Proteftants generally allow Reafon the Sovereign Judge in the Cafe; tho fome a- mong them have a ftrong regard to Synods and others to the Authority of the Primitive Fathers. Laftly, others have recourfe to the Spirit within every Perfon to inter- pret for them. Which is what Bocbart calls J.niJl%is ra

isl'zO[J^t\os.

INTERREGNUM, the Time during which a Throne is vacant, or a Kingdom without a Head. In Hereditary Kingdoms there are no Interregnums, at lead they are very rare. In Elective Kingdoms, the Interregnums are ex- tremely liable to Factions and Diforders. In Germany the Emperors have loft the greatett part of their Domi- nions during the Interregnums.

INTERREX, a Magillrate who governs during an Interregnum, or in the Interval between the Death of a Monarch, and the Election or Inauguration of his Succef- fof. This Magiflrature was eftablifVd in old Rome, and was almoft as antient as the City itfelf After the Death of Romulus there was an Interregnum of a Year du- ring which the Senators were each Interrex in their 'turn, five Days a-piece. After the Eftablifhment of Confuls and a Commonwealth, tho there were no Kings, yet the Name and Function of Interrex was ftill preserved. For when the Magistrates were abfent, or there was any ir- regularity in their Eleflion, or they had abdicated, fo that the Comitia could not be held, provided they were unwilling to create a Diaator, they made an Interrex, whofe Office and Authority was to laft five Days ; after which they made another. To the Interrex was delegated all the Regal and Confular Authority, and he perform'd all their Functions. He affembled the Senate, held Co- mitia or Courts, took care the Election of Magiftrates was according to the Rules. Indeed, at firft it was not the Cuftom for the Interrex to hold Comitia ; at leaf! we have no Inftance of it in the antient Roman Hiftory. The Pa- trick alone had the Right of electing an Interrex. This Office fell with the Republic, when the Emperors made themfelves Mafters of every thing.

INTERROGATE, a Judiciary Act, performed by & Judge or Commiflioner deputed to examine or queftion ti Party ; who firft gives his Oath that he will anfwer truly to every thing he is interrogated.

INTERROGATION is a Figure in Rhetoric, in which the Paflion of the Speaker introduceth a thing by way of Queftion, to make its Truth more confpi- Suoiis. It is a kind of Apoftrophe which the Speaker

make;