Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/423

 PI s

(8jtf)

PI S

the Boul, for the Reception of the Tobacco ; the Fumes whereof are drawn by the Mouth thro' the other End. See Tobacco,

Pipes are made of various Faihions, long, fliort, plain, work'd, white, varnifh'd, unvarnifh'd, of various Colours,

&c The Turks ufe Pipes three or four Foot long, made

of Rulhes, or of Wood bbr'd -, at the End whereof they fix a kind Nut, of bak'd Earth, which ferves as a Boul, and which they take off after fmoaking. The Word is borrowed from the Latin Pipa. P I p T. is alfo a Veflel, or Meafure, for Wine, and Things meafured by Wine-Meafure. See Measure.

The Pipe, or Butt, contains two Hogfheads, four Barrels, or 126 Gallons-, and is computed to weigh about 9 Hundred, 2 Quarters, and 17 Pound. See Hogshead, &c.

The Pipe is little ufed in France., except in Anjou and P oi- ttou, where it confifts of two Boiffeaux, equal to a Muid and half of Paris ; the Muid confuting of 36 Septiers, and the Septier of 8 Pints.

Pipe, P i p a, in Law, is a Roll in the Exchequer, call'd alfo the Great Roll. See Roll and Exchequer.

P 1 P ^-Office, is an Office wherein a Perfon call'd the Clerk of the Pipe makes out the Leafes of Crown-Lands, by War- rant from the Lord-Treafurer, or Commiffioners of the Treafury, or Chancellor of the Exchequer. See Clerk of the Pipe.

All Accounts of Sheriffs, &c. are made up by the Clerk of the Pipe, and he gives the Accomptants their Quietus eft. To this Office are brought all Accompts which pals the Re- membrancer's Office, and Remain there ; that if any ftated Debt be due from any Perfon, the fame may be drawn down into the great Roll of the Pipe; upon which the Comptrol- ler iflues out a Writ, call'd, The Summons of the Pipe for Recovery thereof. See Remembrancer.

All Tallies which vouch the Payment of any Sum con- tained in fuch Accompts, are examined, and allowed by the chief Secondary of the Pipe. See Tally.

Befides the Clerk, in this Office are eight Attornies, or fworn Clerks, and a Comptroller.

PIRATE, a Perfon, or Veflel, that robs on the high Seas, or makes Defcents on the Coaftss &c. without the Permifiion or Authority of any Prince or State. See Pri- vateer.

When Pirates ire caught they are ufually hang'd up with- out Remiflion, or any formal Trial ; fometimes in the next Port ; fometimes on board the Veflel that takes them.

In different Parts they are differently denominated ; as in the Wefl Indies, Buccaneers, Free-hooters, &c. — In the Medi- terranean, Corfairs, &c. See Buccaneer, Corsair, &c.

Alexander reproaching a Pirate with his Condition ; was anfwered, If I am a Pirate, 'tis becaufe I have only a (ingle Veflel •, had I a Fleet I fliould be a mighty Conqueror.

The Word comes from the Greek <oo^ Fire, becaufe they ufe to burn the Ships, Houfes, &c. of the Iflands where they make Defcents.

Pirate was alfo anciently ufed for the Perfon to whofe Care the Mole, or Peer, of a Haven, in Latin Per a, was in- truded. See Peer.

Sometimes, too, according to Spelman, it was ufed pro ?ni- lite maritimo ; for a Sea-Captain or Soldier.

After in the Life of King Alfred, tells us, jujfit naves tongas fabricari, impojitis gua piratis in illis vias maris cuftodiendas comtnifit.

PIRETHRA, orPyRETHRA, or Pirette, orPELLi- TORY, a Medicinal Root brought from Tunis, of a hot, dif- cutient Quality, ufed as an Alexipharmic and Phlegmagogue', as alfo to aflwage the Toothach ; and in the Composition of Vinegar.

'Tis of a moderate Length, the Thicknefs of the little Finger, greyifh without, whitifh within, and of a fharp, burning Tafte.

'Tis pretended it took its Name from Pyrrbus King of £- pirm ; but there is no great Occafion for having recourfe to a Myftery ; its burning Quality being fufficient to give it the Name Pirethra, from the Greek jref. Fire. It mull be chofen new, dry, hard to break, &c.

It is call'd a Salivary Root, becaufe being held in the Mouth its Pungency promotes the Evacuation of Saliva.

PIROUETTE, or P 1 R o e t, in the Manage, a Turn or Circumvolution which a Horfe makes, without changing his Ground.

Pirouettes are either of one Tread or Pifle, or of two — The firft is an entire Ihort Turn wiiich the Horfe makes upon one Tread, and almoft in one Time ; in fuch manner as that his Head comes to the place where his Tail was, with- out putting out his Haunches. In the Pirouette of two

Treads, or Piftes, he takes a fmall Compafs of Ground, al- moft his Length ; and marks both with the fore- part and the hind. See Piste.

The Word is French, and literally fignifies Whirligig.

PIS-Asphaltum, a Compound of Bitumen and Pitch.' fee Bitumen, rfrj.

There are two Kinds 5 the one Natural, the other Artlfi. rial.

The Natural is the fame with what we otherwife call Afphaltum, orjewijb Pitch. See Asphaltum.

The Artificial is prepared with equal Parts of the Jewijli. Pitch and common Black-Pitch melted together, See Pitch.

This latter Kind is what is ufually fold in the Shops for the former — The Coarfenefs of the black Colour, and the Fetidnefs of the Smell ferves to diftinguifh it.

The Ancients ufed both kinds in embalming their Dead. See Embalming.

The Word is form'd from the Creek mtasa, Pitch ; and tto'ta.fClit, Bitumen.

P I S C A RY, in our ancient Statutes, the Liberty of Fifh- ing in another Man's Waters. See Fishino.

PISCES, in Aftronomy, the twelfth Sign, or Conftel- lation of the Zodiac. See Sign and Constellation.

The Stars in Pifces, in Ptolomy's Catalogue, are 38. In Tychoi, 33. In the Britannic Catalogue, 109. — -The Lon* gitudes, Latitudes, Magnitudes, &c. whereof are as follow. Stars in the Sign P

Names and Situations of tie Stars.

In tie Month of the South. Fi!h.

SCES-.

Longit.

11 06 22

12 06 15 12 04 48 14 15 56 14 41 18

South, of two in thehind part of the Head North, in the hind part of the Head. Preced. of two in the Bellv. A fmall one contiguous to it, Preced. in the Back.

Subfeq. In the Back. Subfeq. of two in the Belly*

1 ft. of thofe preced. the Square under the South. Filh.)

Second.

«S Preced. of North, in the Square. In the Tail of the South. Fifh. Subfeq. of the North in the Square. Preced. of the South, in the Square.

30 Th.it which follows over the Tail. Subfeq. the South, of thofe in the Square under Pifces)

35

In the Line next' the Tail of Pifces. 40

45

Second from the Tail in the Line.

5°

55

Preced. »f thebrightStars in the Line

17 03 44

18 42 17 18 34 33 18 35 20 20 52 27

17 5647

18 1605

18 48 28

19 13 58

20 34 43

21 05 46 23 18 38

22 16 36

26 00 11

23 56 55

21 48 21

23 41 07

24 59 44

22 47 44

27 22 55

Latitud,

7 22 49 6 5 1 40

6 01 09 9 03 19

7 =1 31

7 i«43

8 32 36 4 26 26 4 16 40

9 01

1 22 54

2 04 20 1 46 36 1 24 53

3 37 54

4 M 34 7 12 12

3 25 07 II 07 22

4 32 43

1 19 43

2 01 47

3 28 57 2 II 39

6 58 13

n 57 341 3 °7 49 28 14 55 6 22 IS

24 53 04

23 42 3d 29 49 12

29 3 8 45

24 3« 38 2 26 23 2 37 1<5

2 45 08

5 °4o6

3 .138

6 iS 45 6 4<5 18

3 39 l<5

6 09 48 7 0i 13 2 10 10

4 3« 55

9 57 4°

9 I<5 43

8 43 31

9 oSS 47

5 49 42

11 18 56

8 5°

10 °8 47

13 2 5 4°

12 26 42

1 1 08 49

14 I* 36

9 12 22

14 57 38 9 37 3' 9 49 17

13 34 02

2 57 45 5 42 33 7 57 5°

7 31 43

5 4« 55 9 >2 37

6 36 03

5 54 26

11 05 36

6 24 02 13 12 04

12 55 03 5 27 3 6

10 09 08 10 41 48 o 44 49 4 3° 42 15 06 45

13 37 31 B 12 16 56B n 39 I3 ! B 3 10 38 15 23 53

10 10 21 41 ■5 43 24

9 38 42 6 22 25

13 19 58

1 31 48

14 30 43

1 37 28

2 09 44

10 44 49

6 6 4 6

4 5 6

5 «7

5

6 6 6 6 6

6 5 5 7 5 6

6-7 6 6

V

5 5 5 5

6'

5 « 5 4

6

6

6

6

7 6 6 6

6 6 6 6 6

Namii.