Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/422

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PIP

Office being exceedingly dangerous, by realbn of the illQaa- lities of the Mercury, is the Lot of the poor Indians. See MercuSy.

This Amalgamation is continued for 8 or 9 Days : Some add Lime, Lead, or Tin Ore, &c. to forward it ; and in fome Mines they are obliged to life Fire.— To try whether Or no the Mixture and Amalgamation be fufficient, they wafh a Piece in Water, and if the Mercury be white, it has had its Effect, if black it muft be further work'd.

When enough, it is fent to the Lavatories, which are large

Bafons that empty fucceffively into one another .The Pafte

Grc. being laid in the uppermoft, the Earth is then wafh'd from it into the reft by a Rivulet turn'd upon if, an Indian all the while ftirring it up with his Feet, and two other Indi- ans doing the like in the other Bafons. See Lavadero.

When the Water runs quite clear out of the Bafons, they find the Mercury and Silver at Bottom, incorporated. — This Matter they call Pella, and of this they form the Pinea's by expreffing as much of the Mercury as they can ; firft by put- ting it in woolen Bags and preffing and beating it frrongly ; then bv (tamping it in a kind of wooden Mould of an Octa- gonal Form at bottom whereof is a Brafs-Plate pierced full of little Holes.

The Matter being taken out of the Mould is laid on a Tri- vet, under which is a large Veffel full of Water ; and the whole being cover'd with an earthen Head, a Fire is made around iti

The Mercury (till remaining in the Mafs is thus reduc'd into Smoak, and at length condenfing is precipitated into the Water, leaving behind it a Mais of Silver Grains of dif- ferent Figures, which only joining or touching at the Ex- tremes render the Matter very porous and light.

This, then, is the Pinea's or Pigne's which the Workmen endeavour to fell fecretly to the Veffels trading to the South Sea ; and from which thofe who have ventur'd to engage in

fo dangerous a Commerce have made fuch vaft Gains

Indeed the Traders herein muft be very careful, for the Spa- nifli Miners are errant Knaves, and to make the Pignes weigh the more, make a Practice of filling the middle with Sand or Iron. See Commerce, Pike, &c>

PINEAL, PiNEAlis, in Anatomy, a Name which Des Cartes gives to a Gland in the third Ventricle of the Brain ; from its Refemblance to a Pine-Apple. See Gland and Brain.

This Gland he makes the Senforium, or Seat of the reafon- able Soul. See Sensorium.

Other Authors call it Conoides and Conarium. See Cona- rium.

PINGUEDO, among Anatomifts, that fort of Fat of Animals lying next under the Skin. See Fat.

PINION, in Mechanicks, an Arbor, or Spindle, in the Body whereof are feveral or Notches, into which c.itch the Teeth of a Wheel that ferves to turn it round. Or a Pinion is a leffer Wheel, which plays in the Teeth of a larger. See Wheel.

In a Watch, &c, its Notches (which are commonly 4, 5, 6, 8, Crc) are call'd Leaves, and not Teeth as in other Wheels. See Watch.

Pinion of Report, is that Pinion in a Watch which is common- ly fix'd on the Arbor of the great Wheel, and which in old Watches ufed to have but four Leaves ; it drives the Dial- Wheel, and carries about the Hand. See Watchwork.

The Quotient, or Number of Turns to be laid upon the Pi- nion of Report, is found by this Proportion: As the Beats in one Turn of the great Wheel, are to the Beats in an Hour ■, fo are the Hours of the Face of the Clock, (viz.. 1 2, or 24) to the Quotient of the Hour- Wheel, or Dial- Wheel divided by the Pinion of Report, that is, by the Number of Turns which the Pinion of Report hath in one Turn of the Dial- Wheel: which in Numbers is 26928 : 20196 : : 12 : 9.

Or rather thus; as the Hours of the Watches going, are to the Numbers of the Turns of the Fufy ■, fo are the Hours

of the Face, to the Quotient of the Pinion of Report

If the Hours be 12, then 16 : 12 : : 12 : 9. But if 24, the Proportion is 16 : 12 : : 24 : 18.

This Rule may ferve to lay the Pinion of Report on any other Wheel, thus : As the Beats in one Turn of any Wheel, are to the Beats in an Hour ; So are the Hours of the Face, or Dial-Plate of the Watch, to the Quotient of the Dial-Wheel, divided by the Pinion of Report, fixed on the Spindle of the aforefaid Wheel. See Calculation.

PINK, or Flute., a Veffel ufed at Sea, mafted ajid rigged like other Ships-, only that (he is built with a round Stern ; the Bends and Ribs compafling fo, as that her Sides bulge out very much. See Vessel.

This Difpofition renders the Pinks difficult to be boarded; and alfo enables them to carry greater Burdens than o- thers. ,

They are often ufed for Store-Ships and Hofpital-Ships in the Fleet.

Pink ameng Painters, a fort of yellow Colour. See ■Yellow and Painti.no.

PINNA, a Latin Word (ignifying a feather. See Fidi-

THER.

It is alfo ufed figuratively in divers Arts, to exprefs things which bear fome Refemblance, in Form, to Feathers; as the Fins of Fifhes, &c. See Fin. Pinna hurt's, in Anatomy. See Ear. Pinna Nafi, the fame as Ala Na/i. See Nose. PINNACE, a finall Veffel, with a fquare Stern, having Sails and Oars, and carrying three Mafts; chiefly ufed as a Scout for Intelligence, and for landing of Men. See Ves- sel.

One of the Boats belonging to a great Man of War, fer- ving to carry the Officers to and from the Shorej is alfo cal- led the Pinnace. See Boat.

PINNACLE, in Architecture, the Top, or Roof, of a Houfe, terminating in a Point. See Roof.

The Word comes from the Latin Pinna, or Pinnaculttm. -This kind of Roof among the Ancients was appropria- ted to Temples; their ordinary Roofs were all flat, or in the Platform Way. See Platform.

'Twas from the Pinnacle, that the Pediment took its Rife. See Pediment. . -

P I N N A T A Folia, from Pinna, a Feather, in Botany, are fuch Leaves of Plants, as are deeply jagged, cut, or in- dented, refemblinga Feather in Shape. See Leaves.

PINNING, in Building, the fattening of Tiles toge- ther, with Pins of Heart of Oak; for the Covering of a Houfe, &c. See Tyles and Covering.

PINT, a Veffel or Meafure ufed in eflimating the Quan- tity of Liquids, and even fometimes of dry things. See Measure.

The Bnglifii Pint is twofold ; the one for Wine-Meafure, the other for Beer and Ale-Meafure.

The Wine Pint contains a full Pound, Avoir-dupois, of common running Water ; two Pints make a Quart, two Quarts a Pottle, two Pottles a Gallon, &c. See Gallon, Quart, &c.

The Paris Pint is eftimated at one fixth of the ancient Congius; and contains two Pounds of common Water; It is divided into Chopines, which fome call Septiers; theSep- tier into two Demi-Septiers, the Demi-Septier into two Poiffons, each Poiffon containing 6 Cubic Inches,— Two Pints make a Quart, Ouarteau, which fome call a Pot: The Pint of S. Denis is almoft double that of Paris.

Budais derives the Word Pint from the Greek v\At, Me- nage, from the German Pinte, a little Meafure of Wine -, Nicod from the Greek mUm, to drink.

PINTLE, among Gunners, an Iron Pin which ferves to keep the Cannon from recoiling. See Cannon, Ord- nance, Recoil, &c.

Pin t 1. e s, in a Ship, are Hooks by which the Rudder hangs to the Stern-Poll. See Rudder, &c.

PIONEER, in War, a Labourer employ 'd in an Army, to fmooth the Roads, pafs the Artillery a-long, dig Lines and Trenches, Mines, and the other Works.

Menage derives the Word from the Latin Peditones, anrl Peonarii; or from Pteonibm, * People of Afia, vvhofe prin- cipal Employment was to dig the Earth in Mines, &c.

V 1 P, Pep, or P e p i a, a Difeafe among Poultry ; con- fiding of a white thin Skin or Film, that grows under the Tip of the Tongue, and hinders their feeding.

It ufually arifes from want of Water, or from drinking Puddle- Water, or eating filthy Meat.— It is cured by pulling off the Film with the Fingers, and rubbing the Tongue with Salt.— Hawks are particularly liable to this Difeafe. See Hawk. PIPE, in Building, &c. a Canal or Conduit for the Con- veyance of Water, and other Liquids. See Canal.

Pipes for Water, Water-Engines, &c. are ufually of Lead, Iron, Earth, or Wood— Fhofe of Timber are iifci- ally either Oak or Alder. See Timser. • Thofe of Iron are caft in the Forges; their Length about two Foot and a half; feveral of which are piee'd together, by means of four Screws at each End, with Leather, or old Hat between them to (top the Water.

Thofe of Earth are made by the Potters.— Thefe are fit- ted into one another, one End being always made wider than the other.— To join them the clofer, and prevent their

leaking, they are cover'd with Pitch and Tow. Their

Length is ufually about the fame with that of the Iron Pipes.

The Wooden Pipes are bored with large Iron Augers of different Sizes, fucceeding one another from lefs to larger ; the firft pointed, the reft form'd like Spoons, increafing in Diameter from one Inch to fix. — They are fitted into the Extremities of each other, and are fold by the Foot.

Leaden Pipes are of rwo kinds the one folder'd, the othe* not folder'd : For the Conftruction of each Kind whereof, fee Plumbery.

For the Pipes of Organs ■■ See Organ. P 1 p e is alfo a popular Machine ufed in the fmoaking of Tobacco ; confifting of a Ibng (lender Tube, made of Earth or Clay; having at one End a little Vafe, or Furnace, call'd

the