Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/419

 PIK

( 812 )

P I L

Center be in the Shape of a Lozenge, it is exprefled Pierced Lozjnge ways. ..

All Piercings mud be of the Colour of the Field, be- caufe the piercing implies the fhowlngof that which is un- der the Ordinary, or Bearing.— Tho' when fuch Figures ap- pear on the Center of a Crofs, &c. of another Colour, the Crofs is not to be ftppofed pierced, but that the Figure on it is a Charge, and mufl; be accordingly blazoned. See Gross, &c. 1

Pierced, among Farriers, to pierce a Horfe 1 Shoe lean, is to pierce it too near the Edge of the Iron — To pierce it fat, is to pierce it further in. .' •■

PIES, in our ancient Law Books. FreresPies, were a tort of Monks, fo called becaufe they wore black and white Gar- ments, like Magpies— They are mentioned by Watfingham, p. 124. In quodam veteri ccemeterio, quod fuerat quondam fratrum, quos Freres pies veteres appelUbant.

PIESTRUM, aiircir, an Inftrument whereWitha to beat in pieces the Bones of the Head, in drawing a Child out ot the Womb. r TT. „, ,. r , .,

PIETANTIA, a Pittance ; or Portion of Victuals diftribu- ted to the Members of a College, upon fome great Feitivals. See Pittance. .

PIETISTS, a Religious Seft lately fprung up among the Proteftants of Germany.

The Pientts teem to be a kind of mean, between the Qua- kers of England, and the Quietifts of the Romijb Church. See Quietist and Quaker.

Their Author was Spenerus, from whom they learnt to defpil'e all Ecdefiaftical Polity, all School Theology, all Forms and Ceremonies; and to give themfelves up to Contempla- tion and the myftic Theology. See Mystic

The Pietifts are efteemed Adiaphorifts, or Indifferentiits, i. e. in the German way of talking, they receive and allow of all Sefts among Proteftants, particularly the Calvmijh ; contrary to the Practice of other Lutherans.— Hence : a Lu- theran of Dantzjci defines Pietifm an Affemblage of the Hy- pothefes, or Syftems, of Anabapti/is,Schwecnekfeldians, IVei- svlians, Rathmannians, Labadifls, Quakers, &c. who under Pretence of a new Reformation, and in hopes of better Times, fet afide the Augsburg Confeffion.

The fame Author charges them not only with Schiuri, but withHerefy; in that they believe with the Donatifts, that theEffecT of the Sacraments depends on the Piety and Vir- tue of the Minifter; that Creatures are Emanations from the Subftance of God ; that a State of Grace is a real PoiTeffion of the Divine Attributes, and a true Deification ; that one may be united to God, tho' he deny the Divinity of Jefrn Chrift; that all Error is innocent, provided the Will be but {incere; that Preventing-Grace is natural, and that the Will begins the Work of Salvation -, that one may have Faith without any Supernatural AfTiftance; that all Love of the Creature is original; that a Chriftian may avoid all Sin; that one may enjoy the Kingdom of God in this World,

Thefe things we find charg'd on the Pietifts, in a Book intituled, Manipuli Obfervattonum Antipietifticarum.— Indeed this looks like polemical Exaggeration, at lead 'tis certainly fo with regard to a good part of them.

In effect there are Pietifls of feveral kinds -, fome are in profs Ulufions, and carry their Errors to the overturning a good part of the Chriftian Doftrine ; others are only vifio- naries ; and others very honeft good People, who difgufted with the Coldnefs and Formality of other Churches, and charm'd with the fervent Piety of the Piet ifis, are attach'd to their Party, without giving into the groffeft of their Errors. P I G of Lead. See Fother and Lead. PIGER Henricm, Slothful Henry, allow diftilling Cfiy- mical Furnace •, call'd alfo Athanor. See Athasoj and Furnace. ,

PIGMENTS, Pigmenta, Preparations u(ed by Painters, Dyers, &c. to impart Colours to Bodies, or to imitate par- ticular Colours. See Colour.

When Glafs is ftained, or coloured, as in Painting on Glafs, or for the counterfeiting of Gems, or Precious Stones; the Pigment is ufnally of a Metalline, or a Mineral Nature. See Enamel -, fee alfo Painting on Glafs.

PIGMY, orPY«MY, -mfid, the Length, or Extent, be- tween the Elbow and the Extremity of the Hand; the Fift being (hut; popularly call'd Cubit. See Cubit.

Hence the Name has pafs'd to a diminutive People of Thrace, much talk'd of in old Authors; faid to have genera- ted at five Years of Age, and to have been old at eight ; fa- mous for their War with the Cranes, which makes the Sub- ject of a fine Latin Poem of Mr. Addifin. The Word is derived from the Greek mfoii, Cubit. PIKE, an offenfive Weapon, confiding of a Shaft of Wood, twelve or fourteen Foot long ; headed with a fiat, pointed SteeL

The Pike was a long time in ufe in the Infantry, to en- able them to fuftain the Attack of the Cavalry ; but is now taken from them, and the Bayonet, which fcrews on at the End of the Carabine, fubftituted in its Place,

Yet the Pike (till continues the Weapon of Foot-OfficeKj Who fight Pike in hand, falute with the Pike, Sec.

Pliny fays the Lacedemonians were the Inventors of the P ike.— The Macedonian Phalanx was a B.ittallion of Piker/ten. See Phalanx.

The Name Pike is faid to be derived from a Bird call'd by the French Pie, by us Wood-Pecker, whofe Bill is fo (harp as to pierce Wood like an Auger.— .Da Cange derives it from the bafe Latin Pica, or Picca, which Turnebius fuppofes to have been fo call'd quafi Spica, becaufe refembling a kind of Ear of Corn. OUavius Ferrarienfis derives it a fpiculo.

M. Fauchet fays, 'tis the Pike gave Name to the Picards, and Picardy, which he will have to be modern, and to have been given on occafion of that People's renewing the ufe of the Pike, the Etymology whereof he fetches trom the French piqucr, to prick : others will have the Name Picard to have been, given that People by reafon of their Readinefs to pick Quarrels, call'd in French Piques.

Pike, in Commerce To treat with the Pike, a la pique,

is a kind of Commerce which the Europeans hold with certain favage Nations, wherein they are to keep on their Guard,. and as it were Sword in Hand.—Thus it is we treat with the Savages of Canada, &c. and fome Negroe Nations on the Coaft of Africa.

Treating with the Pike, is alfo a kind of prohibited Traffic which the Englijb mi Dutch maintain in feveral Parts of the Spanifi) Weft Indies, near the Colonies which thofe two Na- tions have in the Caribbee Iflands.

Perhaps it fhould be call'd Treating at the Pike, i. e. the VeiTel at Anchor ; in regard this Commerce, which is pro- hibited on Pain of Death, is only praftifed in Roads where Veffels lie at Anchor, waiting for the Spanilb Merchants, who fometimes by Stealth, more frequently with the Connivance of the Governors, &c. come to exchange their Gold Pieces of Eight, Cochineal, csre. for the European Merchandizes.

Some will have it treating at the Pike, i. e. at a Pike's Length, or Diftance ; by reafon of the Diftance Strangers are obliged to keep at. See Commerce.

P I L A or P 1 1. e, among our ancient WriterSj denotes the Arms-fide of a Piece of Money. The Denomination arofc hence, that anciently this Side bore an fmpreffion of a Church built on Piles. Fleta lib. 1. cap. 39. He who brings an Appeal of Robbery or Theft againft another, muft jhew the certain Ouantity, Quality, Price, Weight, Number, Meafure, ValorenT~& Pilum ; where Pilum fignifies figuram Meneta.

Pila, Peer, in Building, a Mafiive of Mafons Work in manner of a Pillar; ufually hexagonal. See Peek.

Such are thofe ferving as Fulcra, to feparate and fupport the Arches of a Stone Bridge, or the Beams of a wooden Bridge.

The Peers of a Stone Bridge are not to be lei's than one

fixth Part of the Arch, nor more than afourth. SeeBRiDGK.

The Word comes from the Latin, Pila, ufed in the fame

Senfe by Vitncvius; and this, probably, from rniHu, cogo,

coarflo.

Evelyn obferves, that PiU and their Quadras, as we fee them in ancient Altars and Monuments, were ufed for In- fcriptions ; but the fhorter and more mafiy ferve for Arches and Buttreffes to folid Work.— They were fometimes made half circular: But the Ancients preferr'd thofe pointed at right Angles, as beft able to refill the Current.

PILASTER, in Architecture, a fquare Column, fome- times infulated, but more frequently let within a Wall, and only fhewing a fourth or fifth Part of its Thicknefs. See Column.

The Pilafler is different in -different Orders; it borrows the Name of each Order, and has the fame Proportions and the fame Capitals, Members, and Ornaments, with the Co- lumns themfelves. See Order.

Pilafters are ufually without either Swelling or Diminu- tion, as broad at top as at the bottom ; tho' fome of the modern Architects, as M. Manfard, &c. diminilh them at top, and even make them fwell in the middle, like Columns; particularly when placed behind Columns. See Diminu- tion.

Pilafters, M. Perrault obferves, like Columns, become of different Kinds, according to the different Manner wherein

they are applied to the Wall. Some are wholly detach'd,

call'd by Vitruvius, Paraftata ; others have three Faces clear out of the Wall; others two; and others only one; all call'd by Vitruviiu, Ant&. SeeANTA and Parastata.

Infulate Pilafters are but rarely found in the Antique— The chief Ufe they made of Pilafters was at the Extremities of Portico's, to give the greater Strength to the Corners.

There are four principal Things to be regarded in Pila- sters: viz.. their Projefture out of the Wall, their Diminu- tion, the Difpofition of the Entablature when it happens to be common to them and to a Column, and their Flutings and Capitals.

1 ° Then, the Projefture of Pilafters which have only one Face out of the Wall, is to be one eighth of their Breadth; at moft not above one fixth. When they receive Import*

againft