Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/417

 P I c

(810)

P I C

bably terminates in the Medulla of the Brain; the common Fund of Spirits ; the reft Dr. Gwither imagines may be ef- fected much after the fame manner as the Air is convey'd into the Pipes of an Organ, which being uncover'd, the Air rufhes in, and when the Keys are let go ftopp'd again. See Consent of Parts.

Now if by repeated Arts, or the frequent entertaining of a favourite Paffion, or Vice, which natural Temperament has hurried one to, or Cuftom dragg'd ; the Face is often put in that Pofture which attends fuch Afls ■, the Animal Spi- rits wiil make fuch patent Paflages thro' the Nerves, (in.

Which the Effence of a Habit conlfts ; fee H a b i t u d e •,) up^w hok Litters of Pigs, that the Face is fometimes unalterably fet in that Pofture ; (as the Arftd) Religious are by a long continued fitting in ftrange Poftures in their Pagods) or at leaft fills infenfibly and me- chanically into that Pofture, unlefs Tome prefent Object di- ftort it therefrom, or Diffimulation hide it. See Faquir. This Reafoning is confirin'd by Obfetvation: Thus we fee great Drinkers, w ith Eyes generally fet to the Nofe ; the ad- ducent Mufcles beingoft employ 'dto put 'em in that Pofture, to view their lov'd Liquor in the Glafs in the time oi Drink- ing; whence thofe Mufcles are alfo denominated the bibi- tory Mufcles.

Thus alfo lafcivious Perfons are remarkable for the Oculo- rum merbiiis pctulantia, as Petronim calls it.

Hence we may account for the Quakers expecting Face, waitins the Spirit; the mehncholly Face of moft Seftaries; the ftudious Face of Men of great Application of Mind, &c. Were our Obfervation a little more ftrift and delicate, we might doubtlefs not only diftinguilh Habits,, and Tem- pers but even Profeffions— In effect does there need much Penetration to diftinguilh the fierce Look of the veteran Soldier, the contentious Look of the praflis'd Pleader, the folemn Look of the Minifter of State, &c.

PHYSIOLOGY, the Doctrine of Nature, or Natural Bo- dies ; call'd alfo Phyficks, and Natural Philofophy. See Phy-

S1CKS, &c.

TheWordisform'doffi/V/f, Nature, and *«f@-, Difcourfe, Reafon.

It is to be obferv'd, that the Word Phyfiology properly de- notes only an internal reafoning or difcourfing, which ftops or terminates in the Speculation, or sbftraft Contemplation of its Object, viz.. Natural Appearances, their Caufes, &c. and does not direct or prefcnbe Rules for the making of natu- ral things, e. gr. Stones, Plants, f>c.

In this View Chymiftry does not properly belong to Phyfio- logy, but is a kind of a counter-part thereto, as imitating or mimicking Nature, rather than considering and explaining her. See Chymistry.

her Pica to fuck tiie Wind out of Bellows ■, which as often as fhe cou'd fhe took into her Body with open Mouth, for- cing it in by blowing with both Hands, the Bellows invet- ted.— He adds, he knew another in the fame CircumflanceS whom nothing would fatiily but crackling Cinders under her Feet.

Something like this has alfo been found in Brutes — The laft mentioned Author mentions a Greyhound Bitch, who J or 6 Days before cafting her Whelps, long'd for another Bitch's Whelps, and eat them all up, and would have eat the Bitch herfelf. Thus it is that Sows are fometimes known to eat

The atrial Remedies in the Pica are Bleeding, Purging, Vomiting, and Chalybeats.

Pica, in Printing. See Printing Letter. PICAKDS, a Religious Sect, who arofe in Bohemia, in the XVkh Century ; lb call'd from their Author, one Picard.

He drew after him a great Number of Men and Wo- men, pretending he would reftore them to the primitive State of Innocence wherein Adam via created; and accord- ingly himfelf affumed the Title of the New Adam.

Under this Pretence he taught his Followers to abandon themfelves to all Impurity; making them believe that there- in confided the Liberty of the Sons of God; and that all thofe not of their Sect were in Bondage.

He firft began in Germany^ and the Lavs Countries ; per- fuading many to go naked, and giving them the Name of Adamites.— After this, feizing an Ifland, he fix'd himfelf and his Followers therein ; appointed his Women to be com- mon, but allowed none to enjoy them without his Per- miffion. So that when any Man defired a Woman he car- ried her to P. card, who gave him leave in thefe Words, Go, incre.ife, multiply and fill the Earth.

At length, Zifit, the Great General of the Huffites, lb famous for his Victories over the Emperor Sigifmund, ltruck. with their Abominations, march'd againft them ; and ma- king himfelf Matter of their Ifland, put thcnV all to Death, except two, whom he fpared to inform himfelf of their Doftrine.

P1CKAGE, or Picage, from the Latin Pica ; an ancient Cuftom, or Duty, paid at Fairs and Markets, for breaking the Ground and pitching up Stalls, or Standings.

This Profit of Picage was ufually given or granted in Charters for holding a Fair, or Market.

PICKET, or Picquet, or Piquet, in Fortification, a. Stake fharp at one End, and ufually fhod with Iron ; ufed in laying out the Ground, to mark the feveral Msafures and Angles thereof.

There are alfo larger Pickets, drove into the Earth to Physiology is particularly ufed for a Branch of Medi- hold together Fafcines, or Faggots, in any Work caft up in cine, which confiders Nature with Regard to the_ Cure of hafte, Difcafes; particularly the human Body, its Parts, Structure, Health, Life, Functions, Oeconomy, &c. See Medi- cine.

Phyfiolegy, in this Senfe, is the fame with what we other- wife call the Doctrine of Animal Oeconomy. See Oeco- nomy.

PHYTOLOGY a Difcourfe upon Plants; or a De- fcription of their Forms, Kinds, Properties, &c. See Plant.

The Word is compounded of the Greek tvrZr, Plant, and Aof©-, Difcourfe, or Atfa, fcribo, 1 defcribe, rehearle.

P I A Mater, in Anatomy, call'd alfo Mater tenuis, and Meninx tenuis, a fine Coat, or Membrane, immediately in- verting the Brain. See Mater, Meninx and Brain.

P1ACHE, Piazza, acover'd arched Walk, or Portico. See Portico and Piazza.

PIASTER, a Spanijh Money, more ordinarily call'd Piece of Eight. See Piece of El

Pickets are alfo Stakes drove into the Ground by the Tents of the Horfe, in a Camp, to tie their Hcirfes to; and before the Tents of the Foot, where they relt their Mus- kets or Pikes round about them in a Ring.

When an Horfeman hath committed any confiderable Offence, he is often fentenced to 'ftand on the Picket ; which is to have one hand drawn up as high as it can be ftretch'cl, and thus to ftand on the Point of a Picket, or Stake, only with the Toe of his oppofite Foot; fo that he can neither ftand or hang well, nor eafe himfelf by changing Feet.

Pickets are aifo Stakes with Notches towards the Top, to which are fattened the Cordages of Tents— Thus, to plant the Picket, is to encamp.

Picket in Gaming. See Picquet. PICKLE, a Brine, or Liquor, ordinarily compos'd of Salt, Vinegar, &c. fometimes with the Addition of Spices, &c. wherein Meats, Fruits, &c. areprellrv'd and fealbn'd. _igU. Pickle is alfo ufsd fubftantively for a Fruit, Root, Leaf,

PIAZZA, in Building popularly call'd Piache, an Italian or other Vegetable Matter, prepared in Pickle, to be ufed Name for a Portico. See Portico. by way of Sauce, &c.

The Word literally fignifies a broad open Place, or Square; Thzy pickle Artichokes, Mulhrooms, A (hen- Keys, Bar- whence it became applied to the Walks, or Portico's around berries, Afparagus, Beans, Broom-Buds, &c.

them.

PICA, in Medicine, call'd alfo Malaeia, a Deprava- tion of Appetite, which makes the Patient abfnrdly covet things unfit for Food, or incapable of nourilhing; as, Coals, Allies, Plaifter, Salt, Lime, Chalk, Vinegar, Pepper, &c. See Appetite.

The Pica is frequent in Girls, and Women wdth Child ; Men are more rarely affetted with it — The Diforder is fel- dom original ; but ufually an Effect: of an Hypochondraical Infirmity in Men ; and a Chlorofis, Stoppage of the Msnfes, or their Eruption about the fecond Month of Pregnancy, in Women : Sometimes it is hereditary in Children, from fome Caufe affecting the Mother. See Monster.

The Difeafe is ufually fuppofed to have its Rife from a vi- tious Ferment of the Stomach ; to which may be added Dif-

P1CQJJEERING, Piciceering, or Pickerooning, a little flying War, or Skirniilh, which the Soldiers make when detach'd from their Bodies, for Pillage, or before a. main Battle begins.

PICQUET, or Picket, a celebrated Game at Cards, in Ufe throughout the polite World. See Game and Cards.

It is play'd between two Perfons, with only thirty two Cards; all the Duces, Threes, Fours, Fives, and Sixes, being fet afide.

In reckoning at this Game every Card goes for the Num- ber it bears, as a Ten for ten; only all Court-Cards go for eleven, and the Ace for ten : And the ulual Game is ioo

up But in playing, the Ace wins the King, the King the

Queen, and fo down.

Twelve Girds are dealt around, ufually by two and two ;

orders of the Imagination, occafioned by ill Examples and which done, the Remainder are laid in the middle : If one

ridiculous Prejudices. See Imagination. of the Gamefters find he has not a Court-Card in his Haud,

In the Philofophical Tranfatticns, Dr. Fairfax gives us an he is to declare he has Carte blanche, and tell how many

Inftance of a Woman in Snip Market, who was invited by Cards he will lay out, and deiire the other to difcard, that

he