Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/415

 PHTHI ( 808 )

PHY

is true Titisfies the Mind; or Truth fatisfies the Mind.

PHRASEOLOGY, Phraseologia, aColleaion of the Phrafes, or elegant Expreilions, in any Language. See Phrase.

PHRENES, in Anatomy, the Diaphragm. See Dia- phragm.

It was thus call'd by the Ancients, from wlu>> Mind; as imagining this the Seat of the rational Soul. Hence

PHRENESIS, Phrensy, or Dijtratlion. See Phre- nitis.

PHRENETIC Nerves, call'd alfo Diaphragmatic and Sto- machic Nerves, are nervous Branches derived from the Cer- vical Nerves, which joyning in a Trunk, run through the Mediaftinum undivided, till arriving near the Diaphragm, they agiin divide, and fend off divers Branches, Tome into the mufcular, others into the tendinous Part thereof. See Nerve and Diaphragm.

PHRENIC fo([els, isaTerm applied to a Vein, and Tome Arteries of the human Body ■, from their palling through the Diaphragm.

The Phrenic Artery arifes out of the defcending Aorta, and diftributes itfelf into the Diaphragm and Pericardium. See Artery, Aorta, &c.

The Phrenic Feins are two Veins which the Defcending Cava receives immediately after its piercing the Diaphragm. See Vein Cava.

PHRENITIS, PhRenesis, Phrensy, in Medi- cine, a conftant and vehement Delirium, or Diffraction ; accompanied with an acute Fever, raving, waking, &c. See Delirium.

It differs from the Mania, and Melancholly, in that thefe are without Fevers. See Mania, Crc.

It has its Name from »jlu), Mens, the Underflanding ; or as fome will have it from nhs, the Diaphragm, in regard the Ancients fuppofed it to have its Seat in that Part. See Diaphragm.

Phyficians generally make the Phrenitis to confift in an Inflammation of the Meninges of the Brain; and diftinguilh it from the Paraphrenias, which they fuppofe to be an In- flammation of the Diaphragm. See Paraphrenias.

Willis will have them the fame Difeafe, and both to con- fill in an Inflammation of the Animal Spirits. He only di- ftinjuilhes them as the Inflammation arifes from the Cere- brum alone, or from the Cerebrum undCerebellum together; and concludes, that they both arife after a Fever, from the boiling Blood's throwing its aduft Excrements into the Brain.

Boerhaave makes the Vhrenitis either true, wherein the Cerebrum, or Meninges, or both, are inflamed; est Sympto- matic, where the Matter of a Fever is translated into the Cerebrum.

The true one either kills on the third, fourth, or fifth, or feventh Day; or changes into a Mania, Lethargy, Com us, &c. Tremors, Gnafhing of the Teeth, grumous Blood di- itilling from theNofe, are Prognofticks of Death.

The Difeafe is ofteneft the Effeft of Inflammatory or Malignant Fevers; tho'it fometimes alfo arifes from a Sup- prefiion of the natural Evacuations, as the Mevf»s, &c.

The Cure is the fame as of an Apoplexy ; but where the Evacuations are concern'd, they mule fii ft be rectified. See Apoplexy.

PHRYGIAN Mode, in Mufic. See Mode.

PHRYGIANS, P h R y g e s, or P h r y a a s t e s, as S. Epiphanius calls 'em, were ancient Hereticks, a Branch of the Mont an ills; fo call'd from Phrygia a Place where they abounded. — They efteem'd Montanus their Prophet ; and look'd on Maximilla and Prifcilla as great Prophe- teflcs. See Montanists.

This Spirit of Prophecy, or rather Enthufufm, was their diltinguilhing Character. In the Bufinefs of the Trinity they were orthodox.

PHTH1R1AS1S, in Medicine, the Morbus Pedicidaris, or Louzy Difeafe, wherewith Children, and even fome- times Adults are afflifted. See Pedicularis.

Its Caufe is in the Seeds of that Vermin laid in the Cu- ticle, which here happening to prove a proper Nidus, che- rilbes and loiters the Seed fo as to hatch it. See Worms.

The Linnen Cloths ufed by Goldfmiths to wipe their VefTels with after gilding, are excellent againft the Phthi- riafis by reafon of the Mercury they contain, when ap- plied by rubbing the Child's Head.

The Word is form'd from the Greek pIMf, Loufe.

PHTHISIS, in Medicine, in its general Senfe, is any kind of Confumption of the Body, in what part foever it be feated, or from what Caufe foever it arite. See Con- sumption.

Thus we have 1 Nervous Pkhifis, Renal Phtbifis, Dorfal Pkhifi. , Pulmonary Pkhifis, &c.

But i n its proper Senfe, Pkhifis is reftrain'd to a Pul- monary Confumption, or a Confumption arifing from an Ul-

cer or other Diforder of the Lungs, accompanied with 3 flow hectic Fever, which waftes, extenuates, and confunie's the mufcular Flefh. See Lungs, &c.

Sydenham obferves, that the heclic Pkhifis ufually has its Origin in the Winter's Cold ; from a fharp Humour trickling down upon the Lungs, where, like a Catarrh, it irritates them fo as to railea Cough. See Cough. _ This by degrees brings on other Symptoms ; as a fpit- ting, firft of a vifcid Pituita, then a heavy fetid Pus, then of pure Blood, and fometimes of the very Subftance of the Lungs rotted by a long Exulceration ; with Night-Sweats, falling of the Hair, and a colliquative Flux which is foon fol- lowed by Death.

The fame Author adds, that Phtbifis kills two thirds of thole that die of Chronic Difeafes. See Chronic.

In the laft Stage of the Pkhifis the Nofe appears fharp, the Eyes hollow, the Temples fallen, the Ears cold and contracted, the Skin about the Forehead hard and dry, and the Complexion greenifh, or livid, 6~c. which is call'd the Fades Hlppocratica.

Among the Caufes of the Difeafe may alfo be reckon'd Intemperance as it brings on a Plethora or Cacochymia, Peripneumonies, Afthma's, Pleurifies, &c. Morton adds, that the Pkhifis frequently arifes from an ill Conformation of the Bread ; whichis either iV<ttw-<«/, as when theBreaft is too narrow, the Neck too long, &c. or Accidental, where there happens a Curvity or Diftortion of the Bread ;— among the Symptoms he reckons a Naufea, or Reaching, with a Heat in the Palms of the Hands, and Rednefs in the Cheeks, all after Eating.

For the Cure ; — Sydenham orders the Dcfluxion on the Lungs, in the firft Stage, to be abated by Blood-letting, &c. and Pectorals to be ufed, accommodated to the various States of the Difeafes, viz., Incraflatives, Attenuatives, to affwage the Hedic, 0-c. with Emulfions, Afles-Milk, &c. and Ballamicks, to cure the Ulcer.

But the chief Afliftance in this Difeafe is from riding conftantly on Horfeback, where the Patient need not con- fine himfelf to any Laws of Diet, &c. This alone, he adds, is almoft as fure a Cure for a Pkhifis, as the Cortex for an Intermitting Fever. See Exercise.

Dr. Baynard recommends Butter-Milk as an admirable Succedaneum to Afles-Milk.--- Sylvius hys, he knows of no Medicine, either internal or external, fo good againft frefh Ulcers of the Lungs, as Balm of Sulphur, efpecially when prepared with Oil of Anile. See Sulphur.

Etmuller obferves, that the Cough of Phthlfical People is at firft only Stomachal ; at length it becomes Pulmonary. He adds, that Vomitaries are good in a beginning Pkhifis, Purgatives by all means to be avoided; and commends the Ufa of Medicines made of Tobacco, not only as they pro- mote Expectoration; but as Vulnerary.

Tis a common Obfervation, that in thofe Countries where they burn Turf, People are rarelv affefted with the Pkhifis ; which IVillu afcribes to the Sulphur abound- ing therein, and recommends Tinrture of Sulphur as the belt Remedy he knows of in any Cough without a Fever ; ada'ing, that a Suffumigation, or Smother, of Sulphur and Arlcmc has frequently proved a Cure in the moft defperate ■Pkhifis.

Bonetus holds the Pkhifis to be contagious ; and that there are frequently Inftancesof its being communicated by Cloaths, Linnen, Beds, &c.

Pitcairn recommends Mercurius Dulcis, in the Beginning of a Pkhifis. And Barbette and Colbatch aflerr, that, con- trary to the Opinion of moft Authors, they have frequent- ly ufed Acids with Succefs in Pkhifics. See Hectic, &c

The Word is form'd from the Greek «9iV<r.

PHYGETHLON, in Medicine, is defined by Celfus, a hard Hat Tumor, fomewhat refembling a Puttie; occasion- ing an intenle Pain, and fometimes a Fever. See Tumor.

The Phygethlm only differs from the Phyma, in that ii does not rife fo high; it ripens very (lowly, and produces but little Pus. See Phyma.

The Latins call it Panis, or Panus, and fometimes Pani- cula.—Gorrtus defines the Phygethlon, a Phlegmon arifing on the ghndulous Parts, efpecially about the Neck, Armpits and Inguen; which laft is call'd a Bubo. See Phlegmon. &c. '

The Phygethlm has the fame Caufes, and the fame Sym- ptoms with the common Bubo. See Bueo.

It frequently arifes after Fevers, and Pains of the Belly, and is cured like other Inflammations.

The Word is derived from the Greek eo'a, I engender.

PHYLACTERY, in Church-Hiftory, a Slip of Parch- ment, wherein was wrote fome Text of Holy Scripture, particularly of the Decalogue; which the more devout People among the Jews wore on the Forehead, the Breaft, or the Neck, as a Mark of their Rsligion.

In