Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/414

 jP H O ( 807 ) P H O

The filid Phofphorus never fpoils, provided it Be kept in goes divers Coitions, Torrefaftions, Calcinations, Diftil- a Phiol full of Water ; that in form of an Unguent does lations, &c. in the Courfe whereof a confiderable Quan- not keep fo well ; and the liquid Phofphorus worft of all. tity of Fire mult necefTarily be imbibed, and may pofiibly

TheL^a^Mo/pWajismadebydigeftingin Horfe-Dung, be retain'd therein, a little Bit or fome Scrapings of the Solid, for two Days, In that e. gr. prepared of the Fecal Mitrer* M. /^wa- in Oil, or ElTence, of Cloves, Oil of Turpentine, or the like, berg obferves, the aqueous Part of the Subftance muft ne- After Diffolution the Oil will be fo impregnated with it, ceffirily have all been evaporated, with the areateft Part of that upon opening the Bottle, the Matter will appear on a the Oil and volatile Salt, leaving Pores or Vacuities in the Flame. Places they pofTefs'd; fo that what remains, is a fpongeous

Experiments with the Liquid Phofphorus. Tifflie of Earth and fix'd Salt, having nothing in its Loculi,

By warning the Face, Hands, or the like, with the Li- or Cavities, but fome of the Matter of the Fire which has quid Phofphorus, Dr.Slare tells us, they will be made to been arretted and detain'd therein', much as in Quick-Lime, ftiine very considerably in the Dark, and the Luftre thereof This being fuppofed, we know that the fix'd Salt, which be communicated to adjacent Ob jefts, yet without any Of- is here pretty copious, will readily abforb the Moifture of fence to the Skin. the contiguous Air} and the hidden Introduftion of fuch

As foon as a Candle is brought in, the Shining difappears, Moifture into the Pores of the Powder muft produce a and no Change perceivable. Friftion, which may excite a fmall Degree of Heat-, and

This Phofphorus emits frequent Flafhes like Lightning, this join'd with what Fire was there already laid up, may even when clofe ftopp'd; efpecially in warm Weather, make a Heat fufficient to give Fire to the fmall Remains Hence Mr. Boyle takes occafion to draw a Parallel between of Oil too clofely link'd with the Salt to have been carried Lightning and Phofphorus. offby the Calcining Fire : So that we have here every thing

necefTary to Heat and Light. See Heat, Ctrc.

_ The fecond Kind of Artificial Phofphorus, is a Prepara- What confirms this Doctrine is, that if the Powder be

tion of a Stone call'd the Bolonian Stone, from a City of kept in a VefTel not fufficiently clofe-, the Air, infinuating

that Name in Italy nigh which it is found. by Degrees, moiftens and faturates the Powder, but fo

The firft who undertook-to make this Stone luminous, flowly, as not to produce Friftion enough to fet it on Fire -,

was a Chymift of that City call'd Vmcenz.o Cafciarolo. fo that it is fpoilt, and dif.ibled from taking Fire ever

Poterus, Licetus, &c. have defcribed the Procefs, but mi- after: much as Quick-Lime, which after it has lain fome

ftakenly : M. Homberg, who made a Journey to Italy ex- time in the Air, ceafes to grow hot even by the Affufion of

prefsly to learn the Preparation, firft communicated the Water.

fame to M. Lemery, who publifh'd it in the 7th Edition of The Reafon why Quick-Lime, which contains a deal of his Chymiftry. See the Method under the Article Bolo- Particles of Fire, as well as our Powder, does not conceive nian Stone. Heat by the Accefs of the Air, or the Ingrefs of its Moi-

This Phofphorus has not any fenfible Heat -, and only be- fture into the Pores thereof, but that Water muft be comes luminous after being expos'd to the Sun, or the Day- thrown thereon, is, thas the Quick-Lime being more light, when it refembles a burning Coal, and preferves its throughly calcined retains too little fix'd Salt to imbibe Light five or fix Minutes in the dark, during which Time the Moifture readily and copioufly enough to excite thene- it dwindles -, and to recover its Light muft be expofed a- ceflary Friftion.

frefh to the Air. And the Reafon why Qiick-Lime does not produce a

The third Kind of Phofphorus call'd the Hermetic Pho- Flame, as the Powder does, even when Water is cad: on it,

sphorus or Phosphorus Balduini, is a Preparation of is> thatit did not retain enough of the Oily Matter toaf-

Englifli Chalk, with Aquafortis or Spirit of Nitre by the Fire, ford Flame: For if Oil be mix'dwith it, a Flame willrea-

This makes a Body confiderably fofter than the Bolonian dily enfue. Mem. de C Acad. An. 171 1.

Stone; but it has all the Qualities thereof. PHOSPHORUS in Aftronomy, is the Morning-Star, or

It has its Name from its Inventor Balduin, a German the Planet Venus, when flie goes before the Sun. See Venus;

Chymift, call'd Hermes, in the Society of the Nature Cu- The Latins call it Lucifer. The French, Etoile de Bcrger.

rioforum, whence its other. Name Hermetic. The Greeks, Phofphorus, from fai, Light, and pif 1 bear*

bring. Some of the late Chymifls have hit on other Sorts of PHOTASCIATER1CA, a Term fome Authors ufe for Phofphori. the Art of Dialling. See Dialling.

Monf. Homberg, in a Procefs upon the Fecal Matter, The Names is derived hence, that the Art not only happening to calcine it with Alum, accidentally produced fhews the Hours by the Shadows of a Gnomon, whence a new Phofphorus, in form of a Powder, the leaft quantity it is call'd Sciaterica, from oxttc, Shadow -, Bat lbmetimes of which taken out of a clofe Veflel, and expofed to the alfo by means of the Sun's Light, as in Spot- Dials, Refkft- Air upon a Piece of Paper, in a Moment's Time would ing-Dials, Crc. from $&t, Lux, Light. See Dial. take Fire, and fet the Paper a fmoaking, and prefently PHOTINIANS, a Seft of ancient Hereticks, who de^ burn it or any combuftible Matter it came near. nied the Divinity of Jcfus Chrifr. See Hlretick.

This it would do, equally by Night and Day ; and with- They took their Name from Photinus their Chief, Bifhop out rubbing or heating, or mixing it with any other thing of Sirmium, and Difciple of Marcellus. to promote the Inflammation', in which he obferves, it He maintained, as Leo tells us in one of his Sermons, differ'd from all the artificial Phofphori hitherto known, tbatjefus Chriftmstme Man, but not true God, nor born For that e. gr. of Urine, requires afmall Degree of Warmth before all Ages; that he only began to be Chrifl when the to enable it to fhine, or take Fire ; and the Bolonian Stone, HolyGhofi defcended upon him; and that he was call'd and Phofphorus Balduini only fhine by Day- Light. only Son, for no other Reafon but becaufe the Virgin had no

In Effect, M. Lemery the younger has at length difcover'd other, that there is fcarce any Animal or Vegetable Matter but He was convifted of his Error, and depofed by a Synod will afford Phofphorus. — This he experienced in the Seeds of Arians held at Sirmium in 351. Farina?, Honey, Sugar, Leaves, Flowers, Woods, Roots PHRASE, Ph r a s i s, in Grammar, a certain elegant and Oils of divers Plants ; the Blood and Flefh of Calves, Fafhion or Manner of Speech, peculiarly belonging to this Sheep, Flies, Worms; the Yolks of Eggs,C?-c. The human or that Occafion, this or that Art, or this or that Language. Scull, Bones, Fat, Nails; and the Dung of all Animals. Thus we fay an Italian Phrafe, an Eaftern Phrafe; a

The principal thing added to all thefe Matters to make Poetical Phrafe, or Rhetorical Phrafe. See Idiom. Phofphorus 01 them, is Alum, which is indifpenlibly re- A few elegant Phrafes, pertinently applied, are an Or- quilite; nor can any other Salt how near a-kin foever here- nament of Difcourfe ; but if they come too thick they to, even tho' it yield the very fame Principles, be fubftitu- have an ill Effect, and make the Style favour of Affeftation. ted hereto. As to the Means, or theOperation whereby it See Style.

is to be made, Calcination appears to be the effentialPart. The Word Phrafe is fbmetimes alfo ufed for a fhortSen- Phyfical Caufe of the Phenomena of Phofphorus. tence, or fmall Set or Circuit of Words conltrufted toge-

As to the Rationale of the Effefts, it may be obferv'd, ther. SeeSENTENCE. that in moft of the Natural Phofphori, there is a brisk At- In this Senfe Father Buffer divides Phrafes into Compleat trition or Friftion concern'd ; which we may fuppofe ei- and Incompleat.

ther to give the minute Parts of the Subftance the proper Phrafes art Compleat where there is a Noun and a Verb, Motion and Agitation necefTary to convert them into Fire, each in its proper Funflion, i. e. where the Noun exprelks if Fire be fo producible, ("as Bacon, Boyle, Newton, and the a Subjeft, and the Verb the thing affirm'd of it. generality of the Engtifl/ Philofophers have fuppofed it is) Incompleat Phrafes are thofe where the Noun and Verb or to expel and emit the Particles of Fire naturally con- together only do the Office of a Noun; confiiting of feveral tained in them. See Fire, Flame, Friction, Attri- Words without affirming any thing, and which might be tion, &c. exprefs'd in a (ingle Word.

In the Factitious Sorts, we may note, that a long Pro- Thus, that which is true, is an incompleat Phrafe, which eels by Fire is ufually required, wherein the Matter under- might be expreffed in one Word, Truth: as, that which

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