Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/412

 PHOE

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PHO

Shape and Size, requifite to compofe fuch a Liquor as the Chymifts call Phlegm, or Water.

Phi eom, in the Animal Oeconomy.is one of the four Humours, whereof the Ancients fuppofed the Mafs of Blood to confift. See Humour, and Blood.

Phlegm is the fame that is otherwile called Final*. See

PiTUITA.

PHLEGM A GOGUE, a Medicine proper to purge, Ptiegm or Pituita. See Purgative.

Agaric, Hermodactyls, Turbith, &c. are Phlegmagogues.

The Word is form'd from the Greek tMfc«, pituita, and &fav to drive.

PHLEGMATIC, a Temperament wherein Phlegm, or Pituita, is the prevailing Humour. SeeTBMPERAMENTand Phlegm.

Phlegmatic Conftimtions are fubjeft to Rheums, Deflu- xions, &e. See Constitution.

PHLEGMON, in Medicine, a general Name for all Tu- mors form'd of the Blood. See Tumor.

An Inflammation, attended with a confidence fwelling of the Part, conflitutes a Phlegmon. See Inflammation.

If the Blood be good, and laudable, and only peccant in Quantity, 'tis call'd a true Phlegmon.

_ When corrupted and adulterated with Bile, or Pituita, 'tis call'd a bajlard Phlegmon; in which cafe it participates of the Erefypeta, Oedema, or Schirrus.

The Blood here extravafated produces a Hear, Rednefs Tenfion, Renitency, Puliation, and great Pain.

The Bubo, Carbuncle, Furuncle, Puftles, and other Tu- bercles arifing from the Blood, are all reducible to the Phleg- mon. See Bubo, Carbuncle, Crc.

The Ophthalmia, Parotides, Squinancy, and even Pleu- rify and Peripneumony, are Species of the Phlegmon. See each under its proper Article.

The Word is form'd from tilt Greek fhiym, tocaufean Inflammation.

PHLOGOSIS, in Medicine, a Degree of tilt Ophthalmia.

When the Inflammation of the Eye is light and gentle it is call'd a Phlogofis; when very (evere, Chemofis. See Oph- thalmia.

PHLYACOGRAPHIA, among the Ancients, a merry and burlefque Imitation of fome grave and ferious Piece ; parti- cularly a Tragedy traveftied into a Comedy. See Travesty.

The Phlyacography was the fame thing with the Hilarody, or H'darotragedy. See Hilarody.

There were feveral Kinds of Phlyacography ; which had their feveral Names. See Salmafius on Solin.

The Parodies which have been made of fome Parts of the bed Poets, as the Virgil Travefiy of Scarron and Cotton; the Rival Queans of Cibber, from the Rival Queens of Lee; fome Pieces of Opera's, the Mufick whereof ;s applied to low and ridiculous Words, come under the Notion of Phly- acographies.

The Word is form'd from the Greek (iwe'£«r, nugari, to trifle.

PHLYCTEN.S. or Phiyctekes, little white itching Veficulo?, arifing on the Skin, chiefly between the Fingers, and about the Wrilf, and full of a limpid Serum.

They fometimes degenerate into the Itch, and fometimes into Tetters. See Itch, r>c.

They are cured like other cutaneous Eruptions. See Psora and Pustle.

PHLYCTjENffi are alio little ulcerous Veficles, ariling fometimes on the Adnata, Ibmetimes on the Cornea, of the Eye, like fo many little Bladders full of Water; po- pularly call'd Blijiers in the Eyes.

They fhew like Grains of Millet •, and when produced by a (harp corroding Humour, occafion violent Pain : The Puftles on the Adnata are red ; thole on the Cornea blackifh, if near to the Surface, but whiter if deeper.

They are cured by Excutients and Exficcants.

PHLYSTENEoi'Ph lystjen a, in Medicine, aDifeafe which produces Bubo's, full of a ferous Humour. See Bubo.

The Phlyltene is a kind of Pox.— The Bubo's it occafions are fometimes big, livid, pale, black, or any Colour diffe- rent from that of the natural Flefh When piere'd, the

Flefh frequently appears ulcerated under 'em.

They are ufually occafion'd by a hot, fharp Humour, and arife on all Parts of tire Body ; but are molt dangerous on the Cornea of the Eye.

The Word is form'd from theG>-«£ p!a!a, 0kri£a of (w/w», ebullio, I boil, bubble, &c.

PHOENIGMA, a Medicine which raifes Rednefs, with Blifters, on the Places it is applied to. See Blister, &c.

Such are Muftard-Seed, Pepper, Veficatories, &c. See Vesicatory, Sinapism, &c.

Phcetiigma's are applied to draw the Humour to the. Part they are applied on, and divert it from the Part affected. See Revulsion.

The Word is form'd from the Greek (ting, red.

PHOENIX, in AftronomyaConftellationof the South- ern Henufphere; unknown to the Ancients, and invifible in our Northern Parts. See Constellation.

The Conftellation took its Name, and Form from that ol a Bird famous among the Antients; but generally look'd upon the by Moderns as fabulous.

_ The Naturalifts fpeak of it as fingle, or the only one of its Kind : They defcribe it as of the Size of an Eagle ; its Head finely crefted, with a beautiful Plumage ■, its Neck cover'd with Feathers of a Gold Colour, and the reft of its Body Purple, only the Tail white intermix'd with Carna- tion; and its Eyes fparkle like Stars.— They hold that it lives five or fix hundred Years, in the Wildernefs: That when thus advanced in Age, it raifes itfelf a funeral Pile of Wood and Aromatic Gums ; then it lights it with the waf- ting of its Wings, and thus burns itfelf; and from its Afhes arife a Worm, which in time grows up to be a Phoenix.

Hence the Phoenicians gave the Name Phoenix to the Palm- Tree, by realbn when burnt down to the very Root, it rife again fairer than ever.

PHONASCIA, the Art of forming the human Voice.' See Voice.

In ancient Greece, there were Combats, or Contefts, eftablifh'd for the Voice, as well as other Parts of the Gym* najlice. See Gymnastick.

Thefe Combats were ftill held in the Time of Galen; and it was thefe that brought the Phonafcia into Vogue.

The Word is form'd from the Greek qam, Voice.

Hence the Matters of this Art, or thole who taught the Art ol managing the Voice, were call'd Phonafii; under whofe Tutorage were put all thofe deftin'd to be Orators, Singers Comedians, tire.

PHONICKS, the Doctrine, or Science, of Sounds; other- wile call'd Acou/ficks. See Acousticks.

The Word is deriv'd from the Greek (art, Sound.

Phonicks may be considered as an Art, analogous to Opticks ; and may be divided, like that, into direct, re- jratled and reflected.

Thefe Branches the Bifhop of Ferns, in allufion to the Parts of Opticks, denominates Phonicks, Diaphonicks, and Cataphonicks.

Phonicks is improvable both with regard to the Object; and with regard to the Medium or Organ.

As to the Object, Sound, it may be improved both with regard to the begetting, and the propagating of Sounds;

The firft, in fpeaking, or pronouncing, in whiffling, or finging, or hollowing, or luring, which are all diftindt Arts and all improvable.— -The fecond by the Pofition of the fo- norous Body.

With regard to the Medium, Phonicks may be improved by the Thinnefs and Qiiiefcency thereof, and by the fono- rous BoJy being placed near a fmooth. Wall, either plain or arch'd, elpeciaily cycloidally or elliptically ; hence the Theory of Wfiifpering-Places. See Whispering.

Add to thele, that by placing the ibnorous Body near Water, its Sound is mollified ; that by placing it on a Plain, the Sound is convey 'd to a greater Dilfance than on uneven Ground, &-c. See Sound.

As to the Organ, the Ear : It is help'd by placing it near a Wall, (elpeciaily at one End of an Arch, the Sound beginning at the other;) or near the Surface of Water, or of the Earth.

And by Iiiftruments, as the Stentorophonkon, or Speaking- Trumpet. See Speaking-trumpet.

By an Inftrument to help weak Ears, as Spectacles do Eyes ; by an Inftrument to take in vaftly remote Sounds, as Telefcopes do Objects ; by a Microphone, or magnify- ing Ear-Inftrument ; by a Polyphone or multiplying Ear- Inftrument. See Ear, &c.

Cataphonicks, or Reflected Hearing, maybe improved by feveral Kinds of artificial Ecchoes; for in general, any Sound falling either directly or obliquely, on any denfe Body, of a fmooth Surface, whether plain or arch'd, is beat bark again, or reflected, i. e. does eccho more or lefs. See Eccho.

PHOSPHORUS, a Matter which (bines, or even burns, fpontaneoufly, and without the Application of any fenfible Fire. See Fire and Light.

The Word is form'd from the Greek f,Ss, Light, and (tga, I carry.

Phofphorus is either Natural or Artificial.

Natural Phosphori are Matters which become lu- minous at certain Times, without the AlTlltance of any Art, or Preparation.

Such are the Glow- Worms, frequent in cold Countries ; Flies, and other Ihining Infects, in hot Countries; rotten Wood, the Eyes, Blood, Scales, Flefh, Sweat, Feathers, &c. -of feveral Animals ; Diamonds whenrubbd after a certain manner; Sugar and Sulphur when pounded in a dark Place ; Sea-Water, arid fome Mineral- Waters when 9 T briskly