Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/405

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PET

BHtaria flore albo; the Angle Plait as in Peafc-bloffoms ; Petitio Prtnapii, in Logic, a begging of Principles 5

tic double Plait as in Bluebottles. The Couch and Plait or a precarious fuppofwg a Thing to be true, or taking i t

together as in Marigolds, cifo The Rowl as in Ladies Bow- for granted, when it really remains either dubious, or elie is

er .\he Spire as in Mallows; and laftly the Plait and Spire exprefsly denied _ „

tosether & '"> Convolvulus •Boronici Folio. ™ s we popularly call begging the guefiton.

'The Calyx or Perianthium fometimes ferves in lieu of ' a Leaf ; And Supplication.

in that Language ferves indifferently for the Leaves of the PETRA lame, in our ancient Cufloms, a Stone ot Wool.

See Stone.

the the

Plant and the 1- lower.

PETAL1SM, Petalismus in Antiquity, a Kind of Exile, orBanifhmcr.r for theTerm of five Years. See Banishment.

"I he Tetaiijm at Syracuje was nearly the fame Thing as <hc Oitracifni at JthenS ; except that the latter was for 10 Yeais, and the former only forfivc. See Ostracism.

The Petalijm was pertorm'd by the Peoples writing Name of the Perfon condemn'd, on a Leaf; whence Name, from -nlia^v, Leaf.

PETALOIDES, a Name fometimes given to Urine, when it feems to have little Leaves or Scales in it.

UriN£.

PETAMINAR1US, in Antiquity, a Name given to cer- tain Perfons who perform'd extraordinary Feats of Activity 5 look perillous Leaps, Vaults, g?C

The Word is form'd from the Greek lirafxtti,, J fly.

Some Authors write it petiminarius, and derive it from fignifies the Bunch of

PETRARIA, in ancient Writers, is fometimes taken for s Quarry of Stones ; and in other Places for a great Gun, call'd a Petard ; 'tis often mention 'd in old Records and Hiftorians in both Senfes.

PETRE Oil, the fame as Petroleum. See Pitroleum.

PETRIFACTION, or Petriecation, in Phyfiology, the Action of converting Fluids, Woods, and other Mat- ters into Stone. See Stone.

The Faculty of petrifying Wood is afcribed to feveral Sec Springs, Lakes, i£c. The ancient Naturalifts mention a Rivet whofe Waters tum'd Bodies into Marble, by mere contact ; nay, which being drunk petrified the Vifcera of the Drinker.

Flumen habent Ci cones, quod pot um fa xe a reddit Vifcera, quod tatlis indttcit Marmora rebus.

Seneca relates, that the Mud of this Riveris of fuch a Nature

'Penmen, which according to Servius ........

a Camel in Million to the Manner wherein they bent the as to harden and glue together the Parts of Bodies. As, iay»

Body in 'exhibiting Pollutes, tfc. he, the Duft of Puauoli, by barely touching Water becomct

PtT'\RD,in War, a Kind of Cannon, very fliort, narrow Stone; fo this Water, by touching any Solid, flicks, and grow*

at the Breech, and wide at the Muzzel; made of Copper to it : Whence Things caft into it, are immediately taken out

mix'd with a little Brafs ; or of Lead with Tin; ufually Stones. 'Pliny adds very well, rhat Wood caft into this Ri-

about 11 Inches long, and feven and an half Broad at the ver, is prefently found cover'd with a ftony Bark or Rind 5

Mouth: welshing from 50 to do Pound. See Cannon and and fubjoins the Names of feveral other Rivers which do the

Ordinance, fame ; particularly the River Silarus near Tarentum, whofe

Its Charge is from five to fix Pounds of Powder, which Waters are yet found very wholefome. reaches to within three Fingers of the Mouth : The Vacancy To 'Pliny's Lift we might add many more among our-

isfill'd with Tow, and flopp'd with a Wcoden Tampion; felves ; particularly the Lake Lohmond in Scotland, £Jc. the Mouth being ftrongly bound up with Cloth tied very But, in effeft, there does not feem any real Tranfmutation of

tight with Ropes. the woody Nature into the Nature of Stone, in any of theio

Tis fitted into a Wooden Plank that has a Cavity cut into Cafes ; all that is done is this, the Stony Particles which be- lt to receive the Mouth of the Gun ; after the manner ex- fore floated in the Liquor are now lodged, and depofired in

inefs'd in the Fig. 10. Tab. Fortification.

Its Ui'e is in a clandeftin Attack, to break down Gates, Bridges, Barriers, fyc. to which it is hung, which it does by means of the Wooden Plank.

'Tis alfo ufed in Countermines to break th: Galleries, and give vent to their Mines.

the Pores of thefe Subftances, in fuch manner, and in fucb. Plenty as to leave little elfe but the Appearance of a Stone.

Petrifactions too, are frequently nothing elfe but incrufta-

tions of ftony Particles, which furround the Bodies immerg'd,

the Enemies as Salts fhoor upon and adhere to them. SeelNCRCSTATioN.

Vareniits has a Conjecture that Waters only petrify Woods

Some inftead" of Gun-powder for the Charge ufe one of the by means of certain minute, ftiarp, and pointed Particles

following Compositions, viz, Gun-powder 7 Pounds, Mcrcur. Jodg'd therein, which cut the longitudnal Fibres of the Wood

Sublima". 1 Ounce, Champhor 8 Ounces; or Gun-powder ; n an infinite Number of Points, and thus deftroy the Form

<s Found, Mcrcur. Sublimat. 3 Ounces, and Sulphur 3 ; or they were diftinguifh'd from Stone.

Gun-powder 6, beaten Glafs I an Ounce, and Camphor J. Near Nacftyan is a little River, whofe Water the People

petards arc fometimes alfo made of Wood, bound round turn off into little Canals; where, in a little Time it petrifies ;

with Iron Hcops.

The Invention of Petards is afcribed to the French Hugo- nets in the Year 157?: their moft fignal Exploit was the tak- ing the City Cal'crs by their Means, as we are told by d'Jlt-

bigne.

and of this petrified Water is built a large Caravanfera in the Neighbourhood.

'Petrifications of Waters, or Juices of tha Earthare in- conteftable. In the Place call'd ies Caves Gautieres in France, the Water falling from the Upper-parts of the Cave to the

°PETECHIjE, are Spots in the Skin, like Flea-Eitcs, which Ground, immediately hardens into little Stones, of fuch come out' in fome Fevers. Figures as the Drops falling either fingly, or upon one anc-

Hence Petechial Fever is the fpotted Fever, commonly fo ther chance to exhibit, called. See Fever. Of this Kind of Caves we have feveral in England ; Mr.

PETER-/f«cc, an ancient Levy, or Tax of a Penny on 1)erham mentions one on the Top of Sredon hill in Worcef- each Hpufe throughout England. See Tax. terfiiire ; to which we may add another call'd the Elve-

' It was call'd Peter-pence, becaufe collected on the Day of hole in Witherjlack in Wefimoreland ; lin'd a-top with thefe St. Peter ad vincttla ; by the Saxons it was call'd Rome ftalaflica! Stones, hanging like Icicles ; which are manifeftiy Fcoh /'. e. the Fee of Rente, and alfo Roine-fcot, and Rome- nothing elfe but Exfudations or Extillations of fomepetrijy- pennyng, becaufe collected and fent to Rome ; and laftly it j„g Juicesoutof the rocky Earth there. See Stalactites. was call'd Hearth-Money, becaufe every Dwelling-houfe See alfo Labyrinth.

was liable to it, provided there were 30 Pence viviepecunt£ The Word is form'd from the Greek «tp* Stone, and the belonging to it; nay, and every religious Houfe ; the Abby Latin fio or facie to become, to do.

of St. Mam alone excepted. PETROBRUSSIANS, a religious Sect, which arofe in

This Peter-pence was at firft given as a Pcnfion, or Alms, France, and the Netherlands, about the Year 1126"; fo call'd by fna King of the Weft Saxons, in the Year 715, being then f ro m their Leader Peter Srttys a Provincial. in Pilgrimage at Rome : And the like was done by Offa King The chief of Sritys's Adherents was a Monk, one Henry ; of the Mercians, throughout his Dominions in 794. from whom the Petrobruffians were alfo call'd Henricians.

It was not intended as a Tribute to the Pope, but chiefly Peter the venerable Abbot of Olugny, has an exprefs for the Support of the Engli/h School or College at Rome : the Treatife againft the Petrobruffians ; in the Preface to wnich Pope however, went halves with the College ; and at lenth he reduces their Opinions to five Heads. 1. They denied fwall'ow'd almoft the Whole. that Children before the Age of Reafon can be juftified by

At firft it was only an occafional Contribution ; but became Baptifm ; In regard, 'tis our own Faith that faves by Bap- tit laft a Handing Tax ; being eftablifh'd by the Laws of tifm. 1. That no Churches are to be built, but thole that Kino Canute, Ed'xard the Confeffor, the Conqueror, £Jc. already are, to be pull'd down ; an Inn being as proper for

The Bifhops who were charg'd with the Collecting it, em- Prayer as a Temple, and a Stable as an Altar. 3. That the ploy'd the rural Deans and Archdeacons therein. Edzvard Crofs ought to be pull'd down and burnt, in regard we ought the III. firft forbad the Payment, but it foon return'd and con- to abhor the Inftrumems of our Saviour's Paffion. 4. That Je- tinu'd till the Time of King Henry VIII, when Polydore his Chrift is not in the Eucharift, and that this Sacrament is

Virgil refided there as the Popes Receiver-General.

PETIT Cape. See Cape.

Petit Serieanty, in Law. See Serjeanty.

PfiTlTIO indUciamm, in the civil Law, the fame as Imparlance in common Law. Sec Imparlance.

vain. 5 .That Sacrifices, Alms, Prayers, (£c. don't avail the Dead.

F. Langlois object s Manicheifm to the Petrobruffians ; and

fays they maintain'd two Gods, the one Good, the other

Evil ; but this we rather efteem an Effect of his Zeal for the

Catholick