Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/40

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INTERCOSTAL, in Anatomy, fignifies any thing be- tween the Ribs. There are two tntercojtal Nerves, which are fo call'd, becaufe in defcending they pafs near the Roots of the Ribs. They are formed in the Brain, by three Branches of Nerves, two whereof come from the fixth Pair, and the third from the fifth. The intercojial Nerves have a great Communication with thofe of the eighth Pair, and fend levcral Branches to the Bread and lower Ventricle. There are alio two intercojial Arteries ; the upper, which comes from the Subclavian, and diilri- butes itfelf within the four Spaces of the upper Ribs ; and the under, which comes from the lower Trunk of the great Artery, and diffufes itfelf within the Spaces between the eight lower Ribs and the neighbouring Mufcles. There is alfo a Vein call'd Imereoftal, which arifes from the four Spaces between the upper Ribs, and terminates in the Subclavian.

Imereoftal Mufcles are the external and internal, which are forty-four in number, one of each fort being between every two Ribs : They arife from the lower Edges of each fuperior Rib, and are inferted into the upper Edges of each inferior Rib. Their Fibres crofs one another ; thofe of the external run obliquely from the back-part forwards j but thofe of the internal from the fore-part backwards : rhey arc thin and flefhy.

INTERDICT, a Cenfure inflicted by a Pope or Bi- fllop, fufpending the Priefts from their Functions, and de- priving the People of the Ufe of Sacraments, Divine Ser- vice, and Chriilian Burial.

InterdiB is properly underftood of a general Excommu- nication of a Country or City, as appears by the Decretals. There is a local and a perfonal InterdiB ; where thefe twe are join'd, the InterdiB is faid to be mix'd. This Punish- ment, as well as general Excommunications, were but little known till the Time of Pope Gregory VII. In Ex- communicating a Prince, all his Adherents, that is, his Subjects who retain their Allegiance, are excommuni- cated, and the whole Country is under an InterdiB. In the Reign of King John, the Kingdom of England lay under a Papal InterdiB for above fix Years together : It began J. D. i =08. In Imitation of the Popes, the Biihops alfo began to interdiB ; and it became a common thing for a City or Town to be excommunicated for the fake of a finglc Perfon whom they undertook to fiielter. But this Severlt) was tonne 1 to have fuch ill Effcfls, that they have been oblig'd to moderate it. An InterdiB is denounced, and taken off again, with the fame Formalities as an Ex- communication.

In the Common Law, the word Inter diB'mn is ufed alfo in the fame Senfe as in the Canon Law, where it is de- fin'd to be Cenfura Ecclefiaftiea prohibens Adm'mijlrationem T)ivinorum.

hiterdiBs, in the Roman Law, were certain Formula of Words, by which the l'rstor, when the Poffefiton of any thing was contefted between many, order'd or forb:d fomcthing to be done with it, till the Bufinefs of Right or Property mould be legally determin'd. Which For- mula were call'd InterdiBs, becaufe they related to the Poffeflton of the thing in, the interim ; or till the Right was afcertain'd. They had three kinds of InterdiBs, Tn- iibitoria, Rejiitutoria, and Exhih'mria. FrobiUtoria were thofe by which the Judges forbad any one to vex another 5n the Poffeflion of any thing legally belonging to him. Rejiitutoria were thefe by which the Judges appointed any one, who had been expelled out of his Eflate, to be rc- poffeffed before his Right was legally afcertain'd ; and this was the fame with vrhat they call'd the Reintegrant. Exlihitoria were thefe by which any thing in difpute was order'd to be exhibited, as a Teftament, &c.

There was alfo a fecond Divifion of ImerdiBs, «5. into ^dipifcend*, Retinenda, and Recvperandz. The firil tend- ed to the acquiring a new Poffeflion, as the InterdiB quo- rum bommm, &e. the fecond to the keeping an old one

till it was further determin'd, as the XJti poffidais, Sic. the lail to the recovering one loft, as Unde vi, &c.

InterdiBion of Water and Fire j a Sentence antiently pro- nounced againit fuch, as for fome Crime were to be ba- nifh'd. They were not directly adjudged to Banifnmer.tJ but by giving order rhat no body mould receive them, but deny them Fire and Water, they were condemned, as it were, to a Civil Death ; and this they call'd Legitimttm Exiltum. Liny.

INTEREST, is the Sum reckoned for the Loan and Forbearance ot fome principal Sum lent for, or due at a certain time, according to fome certain Rate, and there- fore called Principal, becaufe it is the Sum that procre- ates the Intereji, or from which the Intereji is reckoned, and is either Simple or Compound.

(1.) Simple Intereji is counted from the Principal only, and is eafily computed by the Simple or Compound Gol- den Rule, thus : Let that which is the principal Caufe of the Intereji be put in the firlt place, and that which be- tokeneth Time be in the fecond place, and the remain- ing in the third ; under this conditional Part place the two other Terms, each under its like, and there will be a Blank to fupply under one of thofe above, either under the firft, fecond, or third : As for Example, if 100/. in twelve Months gain 6 I. (this is the conditional Part) what fliall5o/. get in three Months ? Place them down as ii» the Rule.

I. Months. 1. ico .11 .6 50 . 3 Here the Blank

will be under the third Place, multiply the three laft for a Dividend, and the two firft for a Divifor, the Quotient of thefe gives the fixth ; that is, 6 X 50x5 = 900, and 100 X 12=: 1200. Now 12C0) 90c. c( 73 =: 15 s. re- quired. But if the Demand had been, In how many Months would 50 /. have gained 1 5 s. or if 100 /. in twelve Months gain 6 1. wiiat fhall the Principal be that in three Months would gain 15 s. In thefe two Cafes the Blank would have been under the firft or fecond Term : Then by the Rule, multiply the firil, fecond, and laft for a Dividend, and the third and fourth for a Divifor 3 the Quotient is the Anfwcr.

/. Months. I. 100 .12. 6"

3 ■ 75 =»iy». Then by the Rule 100 X 12 X 75 = 900.00 and 6 X 3=^18) 900. (50 /. required.

This Rule /hews Simple Intereji, and all that belongs to it with Eafe, and was thus found : Put P fur the Prin- cipal, T for the Time, and G for the Gain in the Condi- tions, and p,t, g anfwering, it will be, P ; G : : t:p ;

-J- And T : Gp : : t : -^y — g, which is the firft

Rule ; that is, multiply the three laft for a Dividend, and

the two firft for a Divifor. And becaufe

G p 1 T P

therefore G t p TP

TP t TFj, and confequently t = — - 5i Gf 1 r g and p = p ' which is the fecond Rule.

(2.) Compound Intereji is that which is counted from the Principal, and Simple Intereji forborn, called alfo Intereji upon Intereji ; but becaufe this hath now no Place in human Affairs, it being rendered illegal, it is not worth while to know how to compute it. But befidesthe ways of computing Intereji, we Ihall here give ano- ther very plain, eafy, and ready Method of computing all Simple Intereji and Difcount 5 as alfo the way to find the Amount or ptefent Value of any Sum of Money, or of any Annuity, or other yearly Payment, i£c. for any Term not exceeding an hundred Years. And in order to this, the following Table of Shillings, Pence, and Far- things, reduced to the Decimal Farts of Pounds, is pre- viouity neceffary.

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