Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/397

 PER

( 79* )

PER

In effect, there feems but little in Nature to countenance the Adminiftration of Parifhes; frill remanding 'em back all this Affiduity and Expectation : Among all the Laws of again to their Cloiiiers, when they thought fit, and revoking Matter and Motion, we know of none yet, which feems to them ad Nut 21m.

lay any Principle or Foundation for fuch an Effect. See Na- But this vague and uncertain Administration only lafled ture. to the XII Century, when Benefices return'd to their eiTential

Action and Re-action are allow'd to be ever equal 5 and a Perpetuity. Body which gives any Quantity of Motion to another, lofes PERQUISITE, any Thing gotten by a Man's own In- juft fo much of its own: But under the prefent State of duftry, or purchafed with his own Money.; in contradif. Things ; the Refiftance of the Air, the Friction of the Parts tinction to that which defcends to him from his Father, or of Machines, &c. do neceflariiy retard every Motion. See Anceftors. Resistance. Perquisitfs of Court are thofe Profits which arife to a

To keep the Motion on foot, therefore, 1. Either there muft Lord of a Mannor, by Virtue of his Court-Baron, over and be a Supply from feme foreign Caufe ; which in z perpetual above the certain yearly Profits of his Land ; as Fines of Motion is excluded. Copy-holds, Harriots, Amerciaments, Waifes, Strays, &c.

Or, i° all Refiftance from the Friction of the Parts of PER QUJEfervitia, is a Writ judicial, iffuing from the Matter, muft be removed; which implies a Change in the Note of a Fine, and lies for the Cognizee of a Manor, Seig- Nature of Things. See Matter. nory, chief Rent, or other Services, to compel him that is

For by the fecond Law of Nature, the Changes made in Tenant of the Land at the Time of the Note of the Fine le- tbe Motions of Bodies, are always proportional to the im- vied, to attorn to him. prefs'd moving Force, and are produe'd in the fame Direction with it; no Motion, then, can be communicated to any En- gine, greater than that of the firft Force imprefs'd. See Com- munication and Pekcussion.

But, on our Earth, all Motion is perform 'd in a refitting Fluid ; and mutt therefore of neceffity be retarded ; confe- quently a considerable Quantity of its Motion will be fpent on the Medium. See Medium.

Nor is there any Engine or Machine wherein all Friction can be avoided ; there being in Nature no fuch Thing as exact

PERRON, in Architecture, a Stair-Cafe lying open^ or with out-fide the Building; properly, the Steps in the Front of a Buildingj which lead into the firtt Story when rais'd a lit- tle above theLevel of the Ground. See Stair-Case.

Perrons are made of different Forms and Sizes, with re- gard to the Space and Height they are to lead to.

Sometimes the Steps are round, or Oval 5 more ufually Square.

PERRUKE, was anciently ufed for a long Plead of natu- ral Hair, fuch, particularly, as there was care taken in Smoothnefs, or perfect Congruity ; The Manner of the Co- the Adjutting and Trimming of. The Latins call'd it Coma, hefion of the Parts of Bodies, the {mall Proportion the folid whence part of Gaul took the Denomination of Gallia Coma-

Matter bears to the Vacuities between them, and the Nature of thofe conttituent Particles not admitting it. See Friction. This Friction, therefore, will alfo in Time fenfibly diminifh •the imprefled, or communicated Force ; fo that 2, perpetual Motion can never follow, unlefs the communicated Force be fo much greater than the generating Force, as to recompenfe

jf#; from the long Hair which the Natives wore as a Sipn of Freedom. See Hair.

An ancient Author fays, that Jlbfolom's Perruke wcigh'd 200 Shekels.

Perruke, is now ufed for a Setoffalfe, or borrow'd Hair ,; curl'd, buckled, and few'd together on a Frame or Cawl j

the Diminution made therein by ail thefe Caufes: but ml dat anciently call'd afalje Perruke.

quod non habet, the generating Force cannot communicate a greater Degree of Motion than it hath itfelf.

The whole Bufinefs of finding & perpetual Motion, there- fore, comes to this, viz,_to make a Weight heavier than itfelf, or an elaftic Force greater than itfelf. See Machine.

Or 3. and laftly, there muft be fome Method of gaining a Force equivalent to what is loft, by the artful Difpofition and

Menage derives the Word from the Greek vrvp£*x*> which fignifies the fame Thing.

J Tis doubted whether or no the Ufeof Perrukes was known among the Ancients. ] Tis true, they ufed falfe Hair; Mar- tial and Juvenal make merry with the Women of their Time, for making 'emfelves look young with their borrow'd Hair 5 with the Men who chang'd their Colours according to

Combination of Mechanic Powers: To which laft Point, theSeafons; and the- Dotards who hoped to deceive the Def- then, all Endeavours are directed ; but how, or by what tinies by their white Hair.

Means fuch Force ffiou'd begain'd, is it ill a Myftery.

The Multiplication of Forces, 'tis certain avails nought ; for what is gain'd in Force is ttill loft in Time, fo that the Quantity of Motion ftill remains the fame.

All Mechanicks cannot really make a little Force equal, or fuperior to a larger 5 and wherever a lefs Force is found in Equilibria with a larger v.g. 25 Pounds with 100, 'tis a Kind of Deception ot the Senfe ; the Equilibrium is not ftrictly be- tween ico Pounds and 25 ; but between ico Pounds, and 25 moving, or difpofed to move four times as taft as the ico.

But thefe feem to have fcarce had any Thing in common with our PHrrtikes; and were at beft compofed of Hair, painted, and glu'd together : Nothing can be more ridiculous than the Defcription Lampridius gives of the Emperor Com* mddiifs Perruke: 'Twas powder'd with fcrapings of Gold, and oil'd {'if we may ufe the Expreffion) with glutinous Per- fumes for the Powder to hang by.

In effect, the ufe of Pemtkes, at leaft on their prefent footing, is not an hundred Years old: The Year 1629 is reckon'd the Epocha of long perrukes 5 at which time they

To confider the Weights ico and 25 as fix'd, and immoveable; began to appear in Paris^ whence they fpread by degrees the25 wou'd feem, fome how, rais'd beyond 'emfelves; which is throughout the reft of Europe.

one of the Sham-miracles of Mechanicks, that has deceiv'd Millions; but which iseafily diffipated by confidering the four Degrees of Velocity, which are to be given to the 25 Pounds, and which require a Force equal to the Excefs of 100 above 25 Pounds.

A Force of 10 Pounds moved with ten times the Velocity of the 100 Pounds, wou'd have equal'd 'em in the like Man- ner; and the fame may be faid of all the poffible Products

At firtt it was reputed a Scandal for young People to wear 'em ; by reafon the Lofs of the Hair at that Age was attributed to a Difeafe, the very Name whereof is a Reproach ; but at length the Mode prevail'd over the Scruple; and now all Ages and Conditions wear 'em ; foregoing, without any Ne- ceffity, the Conveniences of their natural Hair.

'Twas fometime, though, 'ere Ecclefiafticks came into the Faftiion : The firtt who affum'd the Perruke were fome oi?

equal to ico. But in fine, there muft ttill be 100 Pounds of the French Clergy, in the Year i66o- ? nor is the Practice yet

Force on each Side, what way foever they be taken; whether well authoriz'd. The Cardinal Grimaldi in 1684, and the

in the Matter, or in the Velocity. Bifhop of Zavaur in n5'88, prohibited the Ufe of the Per-

This is an inviolable Law of Nature ; by which nothing is ruke to all Priefts without a Difpenfation and Neceffity.

left to Art, but the Choice of the feveral Combinations that M. Thiers has a Treatife exprefs, to prove the Perruke in-

may produce the fame Effect. See Za-w p/'Nature. decent in an Ecclefiaftic, and directly contrary to the Decrees-

PERPETUAL, or endlefs Screw. See Screw. and Canons of Councils. A Priefts Head embellifh'd with

Perpetual Tills, Pilultf perpetu<e, among Phyficians, an artificial Hair curioufly adjufted, he efteems a Monfter

are Pills made of Regains of Antimony ; which being fwal- in the Church ; nor can he conceive any Thing fo fcandalous

low'd, and voided 50 Times, will purge every Time, with as an Abbot with a florid Countenance, heighten 'd with a

undiminifli'd Force. See Antimony. joliy Perruke.

Perpetual Glandules, in_ Anatomy, are thofe which are PERRY, a Drink made of Pears, after the like manner

Natural ; thus diflinguifh'd from the adventitious ones. See as Cyder from A poles. Gland. The beft Fruit tor this Ufe are fuch as are leaft fit for ear-

PERPETUITY, in the Canon Law, the Quality of a ing ; E. gr. the Borberry-Pear, Horfe-Pear, Eoreland-Pear,

Benefice that is irrevocable, or whofe Incumbent cannot be and Choak- Pear ; and ttill the redder they are the better. deprived ; except in certain Cafes deterrnin'd by Law. See The Method of preparing Perry is perfectly the fame with

Benefice. that of preparing Cyder. See Cyder. Only Note, that the

Tis affcrted with Reafon, that the Perpetuity of Benefi- Fruit muft be perfectly ripe. Some mix Crabs with 'em to

ccs is eftablifln'd by the ancient Canons, and that the Priefts mend the Liquor.

are infeparably attach'd to their Churches, as by a fpiritual PER SE, in the Schools, is fometimes oppofed to per ac-

Marriage. 'Tis true, by the Corruption of the Times, the cidens; in which Senfe a Thing is faid to agree with ano-

fecular priefts being fallen into great diforder, and even thcr Perfe, when the Agreement is not owing to any acci-

Contempt; the Bifhops antiently call'd the Religious to their dental Event, but that is found in the intrinfic Principles of

jLffiftance, and committed to them the Cure of Souls, and the Things themfelves.

2 Sometimes