Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/394

 PER

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PER

The Word is form'd from the Greek «|fi about, and wiiipw,

-Lungs.

Peripneumonia Not/M or Spuria is a Difeafe of the Lungs, arifing from a heavy pituitous Matter generated throughout the whole Mafs of Blood, and difcharged upon the Lungs.

'Tis known by the Vifcidity, Palenefs, and Slownefs of the Blood, Ropinefs of the Saliva, Palenefs and Want of Scent of rhe Urine, Swellings and Obftructions in the minuter Veffels, Ihort Breath, Oppreffion in the Thorax, £$c. worn out, phleg- matic, cold, phthifical, catarrhous, Conftitutions, are moft liable to it. It begins with a Feeblcnefs, Indolence, Weari- nefs, Difficulty of Breathing, Oppreffion of the Breaft, Fever- iflinefs; and goes on without any great Appearance of danger to Death itfelf, without any Prognostic thereof in the Urine, Pulfe, $$C. It is cured by Blood-letting, Clyfters, thin Diet, Diluents, Abftergents and Aperients.

PERIPTERE, in the ancient Architecture, a Building encompafs'd without-fide by a Series of infulated Columns, forming a kind of Ifle all around.

Such were the Bafilic of A&tomne, the Septizon of Seve- TUS, the Portico of Pompey, £S?e„ The Perifleres were pro- perly Temples, which had Columns on all the four Sides $ by which they were diftinguifli'd from the Projiyles and Am- phiproftyles, the one of which had no Columns before, and the other none on the Sides. See Prostyle, &c.

M. Perrault obferves, that Periptere in its general Senfe, is the Name of a Genus, including all the Species of Tem- ples which have Portico's of Columns all around; whether the Columns be Diptere, or Pfeudo-diptere, or limply?e-, riptere, which is a Species that bears the Name of the Ge- nus, and which has its Columns diftant from the Wall by the Breadth of an Intercolumniation. See Temple.

For the ^Difference between Peripere and periftyle. See Peristyle. . ._ ,

The Word is form'd of the Greek mph circmn y about and wT5foc, Akti Wing.

PERISCII, in Geography, thofe Inhabitants of the Earth, whofe Shadows do, in one and the fame Day, fuc- ceffively turn to all the Points of the Horizon. See Shadow.

Such are the Inhabitants of the frozen Zones, or thofe who live within thecompafs of the Arctic and Antarctic Circles for, as the Sun never goes down to them after he is once up, but always round about; fo do their Shadows 5 in fo much, that in the fame Day they have their Shadows on all Sides. See Zone.

And hence the Name, from the Greek *se*Mi'«, Circum timbres.

PERISKYTISM, in Chirurgery, an Operation performed by the Ancients on the Cranium. See Cranium.

The^PerhkytiJftz is an Incifion which they made under the Coronal Suture, reaching from one Temple a-crofs to the other, and penetrating to the Bone of the Cranium : its In- tention was to feparate the Pericranium from the Skull. See Pericranium.

The Word is form'd from the Greek ts?j and fxtffi^eiv to flea.

PERISSACHOREGIA, a Term found in the Code, about the Meaning whereof Authors are much divided.

Jtkt&t\ and fome others will have it to be the Name of an Office Viz, that of Curator of the Annona or Provisions 5 from w&itrftiet Abundance and yo^yiu to bring. Others take it to be the Office of a Magifirate who was to look to the Augmentation of the Annona^ and the Distribution of the fame.

2)o?n. Maori will have it to fignify a Donative or Diftribu- tion made to the Soldiers over and above their Pay. See Donative.

PERISTALTIC, in Medicine, a Motion proper to the Inteftincs, wherein the feveral Parts are fucceffively contracted from above downwards, in a manner refembling the creep- in" of a Worm; whence it is alfo call'd the Vermicular Mo- tion. See Intestines.

The Perijtaliic Motion is perform'd by the Contraction of the circular and longitudinal Fibres, whereof the ftefhy Coat of the Inteflines is compofed. 'Tis by Means hereof, that the Chyle is driven into the Orifices of the lacteal Veins, and the Excrements prefs'd downwards, and at laft expell'd. See Chyle and Excrement.

When this Motion comes to be depraved, and its Direction changed, fo as to proceed from below upwards, it produces what we call the Iliac PaJJlon. See Iliac 'PafftOn.

M. Perrault^ in an exprefs Treat jfe on the Peristaltic Motion, obferves, that tho' 'tis ordinarily, only attributed to the Inteflines; yet, it is really an Action common to all the Parts of the Body which alter, prepare, concoct the feveral Humours and Spirits, which are the Matter and Inftruments of animal Action. In effect, he gives the Name to all the Motions whereby the Cavities of the Body are prefs'd andcomprefs'd.

The Word is form'd from the Greek ^ei^ihhu 5 and literally implies {bmething yew* all a-round.

VERISTAPHILINUS, in Anatomy, a Name fome give

totheMufcleof the Uvula, more properly denominated "P/e/y- gojlapfailinus. See Uvula and Pterygostaphilinus.

PERISTYLE, in the ancient Architecture; a Place, or Building, incompafs'd with a Row of Columns on the lnfide$ by which it is diflinguifh'd from the Periptere, where the Columns are difpofed without-fide. Sec Periptere.

Such was the Hypetre Temple of Vitrwoius$ and fueh are now fome Bafilicjues in Rome, feveral Palaces in Italy,, and molt Cloifters of Religious. ,

Yet, the Word Perijlyle is (till ufed indifferently for a Range of Columns, either within or without a Building : As the Corinthian Pericyte of the Portail of the Louvre, ^c.

The Word is form'd from the Greek #tg} about and sVao?, Column.

PERISYSTOLE, in Medicine, the Paufe or Interval be-, tween the two Motions of the Heart, or Pulfe; viz-, that of the Syflole or Contraction, and that of the Diaitole or Dila- tation. See Systole and Diastole. See alfo Pulse and

XJ-p ART

PERITONEUM, in Anatomy, a thin, foft Membrane, covering and containing all the Vifcera of the lower Belly. See Viscera and Abdomen.

Its Figure and Size anfwer to thofe of the lower Belly, which it lines throughout 5 its internal Surface is frnooth, and lin'd with an unctuous Humour, ferving to prevent its wounding the Inteflines,, and other Parts it touches, as: well as to lubricate and facilitate their Motion j when the Glands which furnifh it are obstructed, the Peritoneum grows thick, as 'tis frequently found in Dropfies.

The external Surface is fibrous and unequal, that it may adhere more firmly to the Mufcles of the Abdomen, Linea Alba, Offa pubis, Ifchium, Ilium, Sacrum, and the Vertebra; Lumbares, to which it is faften'd 5 and from the laft where- of, many fuppofe it to have its Origin.

It is alfo connected to the inferior or convex Surface of the Liver, which it fufpends; and the Part employ 'd in this Action, is call'd the higamentum Sufpenforium Hepatis.

The Peritoneum is double every where, but moft appa- rently fo from the Navel to the Os pubis, and near the Lum- bar Vertebra:,as appears not only from its extraordinary Thick- nefs in both, but rrom its Spontaneous parting in the latter, to receive the Kidnies.

It is perforated in the upper Part to give Paffage to the Oefophagus, Aorta and Cava; in the under, for the Funda- ment, the Neck of the Matrix, and the Veffels that go to the Thighs 5 and in the Fore-part to give Paffage to the Urn-^ bilical Veffels.

Its exterior Coat has two Proceffes 5 which in Men fall down into the Scrotum, wrap up the Spermatick Veffels, and dilat- ing make the Tunica Vaginalis of the Tefticles 5 in Women they form a Cover for the round Ligament of the Womb.

The Peritoneum receives Veins and Artries from the Mammariie, Diaphragm a tica;, Epigaflrica:, Sacra;, and Lum- bares: Nerves from the Os Sacrum and Loins. 01. Rudbeckim pretends to have likewife difcover'd Lympharicks, which be- ing fcarce vifible, except in Hydropic Cafes, an't much taken notice of.

In morbid Cafes, great Quantities of Serum have been found between the Duplicatures of this Membrane, when there was none in the Cavity of the Abdomen 5 which con- stitutes the true ^tympany. See Tympany.

The Ufe of the Peritoneum is to contain, and keep in their Place the Vifcera of the Abdomen : This is fo manifest^ that when ever this Membrane happens to be broke, or ex- traordinarily dilated, fome of the Parts are apt to fall down, and to form thofe Tumors call'd Hernia's or Ruptures. See Hernia.

The Term 'Peritoneum is Greek, and is derived from the Verb <ff*emiw circumtendo, I ftretch all a-round.

PERITROCHIUM, in Mechanicks, a Wheel or Circle, as A B, (Tab. Mechanicks, Fig. 44.) concentric with the Bafe of a Cylinder, and moveable together with it, about an Axis E F.

The Axis, with the Wheel, and Levers fix'd thereinto move it, make that mechanical Power, call'd Axis in Peri- trcchio. See Axis in Peritrochio.

Axis in PtRiTROCHio, in Mechanicks, one of the fix mechanical Powers, or fimple Machines, conrriv'd for the railing of Weights. See its Structure, Doctrine, Applica- tion, &c. under the Article Axis in Peritrochio.

PERJURY, in Law, the Crime of fwearing falfely in a lawful Oath, adminifter'd by one who has Authority, in any Matter relating to an Iffue, or Caufe in Question; whether it be of the Perfons own accord, or by Subornation of another. See Oath.

If a Man call me perjufd, I have my Action upon the Cafe. If he calls me farepxe-rn no Action lies, becaufe the Forfwearing may be extra-judicial.

per'pry isufually excepted out of general Acts of Grace.

The Punifhmenr of Perjury is Collifirigium, the Pillory,

or burning the Criminal in the Forehead with a c P t rooting

up his Trees, and confiscating his Goods. See Pillory,^,

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