Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/390

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PEREGRINE, foreign, outlandifli ; a Term applied a- mong Aflrologers, to a Planet, when found in a Sign where it has none ofits Effential Dignities.

PERFECT, fomething to which nothing is wanting ; or that has all the Requisites. See Perfection.

Perfect, in Arithmetic. PerfeB Number is that, all whofe aliquot Parts added together, make the fame Number with the Number whereof they are fuch Parts. See Num- ber.

Perfect inGrammar. Prefer- or Preterit-perfeB Tenfe,is an Inflection, marking a Time perfect ly paft; as I have heard. SPlufquam perfeB, is an Inflection, exprefling a Time more than perfectly patl, as I had heard, $$c. See Tense.

Perfect in Mufic, fomething that fills and fadsfies the Mind and the Ear.

In this Senfe we fay, PerfeB Cadence, PerfeB Concord, &C. See Concord, Cadence, &c.

The Ancients had two kindes of Modes, the Major and Minor; and each of thefe again was either PerfeB or Imper- feB. See Mode.

The Word PerfeB when join'd with the Words Mode and 'Time ufually exprefs triple Time or Meafure ; in opposition to double Time, which they call'd imperfect. See Time, Trifle, ific.

Perfect, in Phyfiology. AferfeB Animal, is ufed by fome Writers for that which is born by univocal Generarion, in oppo- sition to Infects, which they pretend to be born by equivocal Generation. See Generation, Univocal, Ec;ui vocalic

Perfect Flowers, are luch as have Petala, Piftil, Stami- na and Apices. See Flower.

PERFECTION is divided into <Phyfical, Moral and Me- taphyfical.

epinfical, or natural <PerfeBion, is that whereby a Thing has all its Powers or Faculties, and thofe too, in, their full Vigour; all its Parts both Principal and Secundary, and triolein their due Proportion, Conflitution, SSc

In this Senfe a Man is faid to be 'PerfeB when he has a found Mind in a found Body.

This 'PerjeBion is by the Schoolmen, frequently call d IwpvUTiiu), byreafon a Thing is hereby enabled to perform all its Operations.

Moral PerjeBion, is an eminent Degree ot Virtue, or moral Goodnefs ; to which Men arrive by often repeated afls of Piety, Beneficence, £f>c.

This fome fubdi vide into Abfolute or Inherent, which is actually in him to whom we attribute it; and Imputative which exilts in fome other, and not in him it is attributed to.

Metaphyseal, or Transcendental or Effential PerfeBion is the PoffeSlion of all the effential Attributes, or of all the Parts neceffary to the Integrity of a Subftance: Or it is that ■whereby a Thing has, or is provided of every thing belonging to its Nature. See Essence.

This is either Abfohite, where all Imperfection is excluded ; fuch is the PerfeBion of God: Or Secundum quid, and in its kind. See Good.

PERFECTISSIMATE, a Quality or Dignity whereof we find mention made in the Code.

PerfeBiJJimi were thofe with whom the Emperors intrufled any Office, Administration or Government. Aleiat imagin'd the Name had been only given to the Governors of Hifpania Tarragonenfis, and Norica ; but Calvin has Shewn the con- trary in his Lexicon Juridimm. The PerfeBiffimi were in- ferior to the Clariffimi, tho' that Word imply mofi perfeB. See Clarissimi.

PERFIDIA, in Mufic, a Term borrowed from the Italian; Signifying an Affectation of doing always the fame Thing, of following the fame Defign, continuing the fame Motion, the fame Song, the fame Paffage, and the fame Figures of Notes.

Such are the Stiff Baffes of Chacones, iSc. becaule depend- ing wholly on the Caprice of the Compofer.

PERFORANS Mams, in Anatomy, a Mufcle of the Hand ; call'd alfo, from its Action, Flexor jtii Intemodn di- gitorum ManiiK,

It arifes flefhy from the fore and upper Part of the Ulna, and the Ligament which joins that and the Radius; and af- ter forming a pretty thick flefhy Body, is fplit into four round Tendons ; which pafling under the annular Ligament, and thro' the Slits in the Tendons of the former, are inferted into thethird Bone of each Finger. See Fingers.

Perforans 'Pedis, in Anatomy, a Mufcle of the Foot, call'd alfo Profundus; and from its Action, Flexor itii Inter- nodii digitorum pedis, iS Flexor Magnus.

It rifes from the Upper and Back-part of the Tibia, and pafling under the inner Ancle and Ligament, that ties the Tibia and OS Calcis together, divides into four Tendons, which pafling the Holes of the Perforatus, are inferted into the third Phalanx of the lefTer Toes.

There is a Maffa Carnea, or flefhy Subftance that arifes from the Os Calcis, and which joins the Tendons of this Muf- cle where the Lumbricales begin.

PERFORATUS Mams, in Anatomy, a Mufcle of the Fingers, thus call'd from the Perforations of its Tendons by thofe of the Perforans ; fometimes Flexor Secundi Internodii t from its Action ; and fometimes SvMimis.

It arifes tendinous from the internal Protuberance of the Humerus, and the Upper, part of the Radius before ; and be- ing parted into four, palies under the annular Ligament; whence it fends feveral Tendons into the Upper-part of the Phalanx of each Finger : Every Tendon having at the firft In- ternode, a Slit or Perforation for the Admiflion of the Ten- dons of the Perforans.

Perforatus Pedis, in Anatomy, a Mufcle of the Foot, call'd alfo Flexor pedis, g? fublimis.

It arifes from the inner and lower Part of the Calcaneum ; and fends a Tendon to evey Bone of the fecond Phalanx of each ot the four lefs Toes. In this, as the Perforatus of the Hand, there is a Slit in each Tendon about the firft Joint, which lets thro' the Tendon of the Perforans.

PERFUME, an agreeable Odour, Striking the Senfe of Smelling. See Odour and Smell.

The generality of Perfumes ate made or compos'd with Musk, Amber-greece, Civet, Rofe, and Cedar woods, Iris, Orange-Flowers, Jaflemin, Jonquiils, Tuberofes, and other odoriferous Flowers.

Therein alfo enter Storax, Frankincenfe, Benjoin, Cloves, Mace, and other like Drugs, commonly call'd Aromatics. See Aromatic.

Some perfumes are alfo compofed with Aromatic Herbs, as Lavender, Marjoram, Sage, Thyme, Hyffop, $$c.

Perfumes were anciently much in Ufe ; particularly thofe wherein Musk, Ambcrgreefe, and Civet, enter ; rhey are now generally diluted, fince People have become lenfible of the Hariri thej do the Head. In Spain and Italy they are itill Alamode.

Perfumes, Suffitus, in Pharmacy, &c. are Topic, or ex- ternal Medicines, compofed of certain Powders and Gums, which being mix'd rogether, and thrown on the Coals, pro- duce a Vapour or Smoak, Salutary in feveral Difeafes. See Suffitus and Suffimentum.

Fits of the Mother are cured by a Perfume of Partridge Feathers, old Leather, £yc. burnt. Mercury is fometimes ap- plied by way of Perfume, call'd Perfume of Cinnabar.

For thofe whole Brain is too humid, Tobacco is pre Scribed by way of Perfume.

There are dry Perfumes made up in Troches, Pills, i$c. ofOSibanum, Maftic, Aloes, &c. and moift vifcous ones of the Juices of Herbs, &c.

PERIANTHEUM.in Botany the littlegreen Leaveswhich compafs the Bottom of a Flower ; call'd by Dr. Grew the Empalement, and by others the Calyx. See Calyx. See alfo Flower.

The Ufe of the 'Periantheum is to be a Support, Security, and as it were Bands, to the other Parts of the Flower.

Mr. Kay obierves, that Flowers, whofe Leaves or Petala are ilrong, as Tulips, have no Perianthiam, as needing none. Carnations, cifc. whofe Petala are long and {tender, have their Pcriantbiim of one piece ; others, as the Knap-weed, £5?c. have it of feveral Pieces, and in divers rounds, and all with a counterchangeable Refpect ro each other, for the greater Strength and Security of 'emfelves, and the Petala, l£c. they include.

The Word is form'd from tho Geeek Tsfi about and £r'hs Flower.

PERIAPTA, a kind of Medicines, otherwife call'd PE- RIAMMA, Appenfa and Amulets ; which being tied about the Neck, are fuppofed to prevent, or cure Difeafes. See Amulet. See alio Phylactery.

PERICARDIARY, an Epithet given to Worms generated in the Pericardium, or Capfula of the Heart. See Worms and Pericardium.

M. Andry makes thefe one of the twelve Kinds of Worms engender' d in the human Body : They fometimes occalion Convulsions ; the Paroxyfms whereof laft but a little while, but return inceffantly.

Thefe Worms are accompanied with a frightful Palenefs of

the Face, a low Pulfe, violent Pains of the Stomach and Breaft.

They fometimes occafion a Palpitation of the Heart. See

Palpitation. M. Andry ziis, that they have been known

to occafion fudden Death.

PERICARDIUM, in Anatomy, a Capfula, or Pouch, which includes the Heart. See Heart.

It confifts of a double Membrane; the Inner arifing from the Coats of the Veflels of the Heart, and the Outer from the Mediaftinum. Its Figure refembles that of the Heart, Conoi- dal; and it embraces the Heart laxly, allowing Room for its Pulfation. . . . ,

'Tis conneaed either immediately, or by Veficuke emitted from ir, to the Sternum, Back, Jugulum, and in human Bo- dies to the tendinous Part, or Centre of the Diaphragm; where- as in Brutes it is loofe.

Its Ufe is fuppofed to be to defend the Heart ; as like- wife to contain a foft ferous Humour, which ferves to lubri- 9 cat.