Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/384

 PEN

C 779 )

PEN

There are white 'Penitents in Italy, at Avignon, and at He alfo reduc'd the Weight of the Penny to a Standard • Lyons: There are alfo £&e Penitents, and Waefc Penitents, ordering that it friou'd weigh 32 Grains of Wheat, taken out vhich laft affift Criminals at their Death, and give "em of the Middle of the Ear.

Burial.

Mabillon tells us, that at Turin there are a Set of Penitents kept in pay, to walk thro' the Streets in Proceffion, cut their Shoulders with Whips, &.

Penitents, or Converts of the Name of Refits, a Congre- gation of Religious in Sevil ; confuting of Women, whohave led a licentious Life ; founded in 1550.

This Monaftery is divided into three Quarters : one for pro- fefs'd Religious; another for Novices ; a third for thofe un- der Correction.

This Penny was call'd the Penny Sterling. See Ster- ling.

Twenty of thefe Pence were to weigh an Ounce ; whence the Penny become a Weight, as well as a Coin. See Penn* Weight.

The Penny Sterling, is now nigh difufed as a Coin, and fcarce fubfrfts, but as a Money of Account; containing the nth Part of a Shilling. See Shilling. Or the two hundred and fortieth Part of a Pound. See Pound.

The Courfe of Exchange between England and Prance, is

When thefe laft give Signs of a real Repentance, they are fettled on the Foot of fo many Pence Sterling, for a French removed into the Quarter of the Novices ; where, if they don't Crown of three Livres. See Exchange

behave 'emfelves well, they are remanded to their Correction. They obferve the Rule of St. Altgupn.

Penitents oiOrvieta, are an Order of Nuns, inftituted by Anthony Simoncetti, a Gentleman of Orvieta.

The Monaftery he built, was at firft deftined for the Re- ception of poor Girls, abandoned by their Parents, and in danger of lofing their Virtue.

The French Penny, osiDenier, is of two Kinds; the Pa- ris Penny, call'd Denier Parifis ; and the Penny of Tours, Ttenierlournois. See Denier.

The Hiatch Penny, call'd Pening, is a real Money, worth about one fifth more than the French Penny Tournois.

The Penin is alfo ufed as a Money of Account, in keeping Books by Pounds, Florins and Patards ; twelve Penins make

In ~i66i, it was erected into a Monaftery, for the Reception the Patard ; and twenty Patards the Florin. See Florin.

of fuch as having abandoned 'emfelves to the Flefti, were will- At Hambonrg, Nuremberg, &c. the Penin of Account, is

in» to take up and confecrate 'emfelves to God by folemn put equal to tile French Penny To itmois. Eight of 'em make

Vows. Their Rule is that of the Carmelites. theKreux; and 60 the Florin of thofe Cities; and 00 the

Thefe Religious have this in peculiar, that they undergo no French Crown, or 4 s. 6d. Sterling.

Noviciate. All they require is, that they continue a few Months PtNKY-Ifeigbt, a Trey Weight, containing 24 Grains ;

in the Monaftery in a fecular Habit; after which they are each Grain weighing a Grain of Wheat gather*! out of the

admitted to the Vows. Middle of the Ear, well dried. See Weight and Grain.

PENITENTIAL, PENITENTIALE, an Ecclefiaftical Twenty of thefe Penny-wights make an Ounce Troy. See

Book retain'd among the Ryuanifis ; wherein is prescribed Ounce.

what relates to the Imposition of Penance, and the Reconci- liation of Penitents. See Penance and Peni-

In the Capitularies of Charlemaign, the Priefts are enjoin'd Silver.

A Penny-weight of Gold Bullion Standard, i worth four Shillings ; andot Silver Bullion, Three-pence. See Gold and

to ftudy well their Penitential.

There are various Penitential; ; the Roman Penitential; that of Venerable Sede, that of Pope Gregory III. i$c.

PENITENCIARY, an Office, or Tribunal in the Court of Rome ; wherein are examined and deliver'd out the fecret Bulls Graces, or Difpenfations relating to Confcience, Con- feffion, &. See Bull, &c. ^

The Expeditions ot the Penitentiary are leal d up with red Wax ; and fent clofe ; directed to the Confeflbrs.

The Name took its rife hence, that this was actually the Weight of one of our ancient Silver Pennies. See Penny.

Pennyi-^j?. See Penny-'Posx.

PENSA Libra, in our ancient Cuftoms, a Pound of Money paid by Weight, not by Tale. See Pound and Libra.

PENSION, a yearly Appointment, or Sum of Money paid any one for Services, or Confederations already paft. See Pen- sionary.

That which in the two Temples is cali'd a Parliament,

PENN ATA Folia, winged Leaves ; amengft 'Botanifts, are and Lincoln' s-Inn a Council, is in Gray's-Inn termed a Pen- fuch Leaves of Plants, as grow directly one againft another, on fion ; that is, an Affembly of the Members of the Society.

'■" - "$c. to confult of the Affairs of the Houfe.

&.

See Parliament,

Pen/ions, are alfo certain annual Payments of each Mem- ber to the Houfe, for certain Occasions.

When a Penfion-Writ is iffued, none fued thereby in the Inns ot Court, ftiall be difcharged, or permitted to come into

the fame Rib, or Stalk as : thofe of Afli, Walnut- Trees, &. See Leaves, Plant. &.

Penitentiary, isalfoan Officer, or Dignitary in fome Cathedrals, veiled with Power from the Biifiop to abfolve Cafes referv'd to him ; on which Account he is call'd the

In fome Places there is a Grand Penfionary, and a Sub- Commons, till all Duties be paid.

Penitentiary. Auajiafius fays, that Pope Simplicius chofe Hence a Peufion-Order in the fame Inn, is a peremptory

fome among rhe Roman Priefts to prefide over Penances. At Order againft fuch of the Society as are in Arrearfor Peuflous,

nrefent the Pope has his Grand Penitentiary ; who is a Car- and other Duties.

Sinai and the Chief of the other Penitentiary Priefts eftab- PENSIONARY, or PENSIONER, a Perfon who has a

lilh'd' in the Patriarchal Churches of Rome, who confult him Penfion, Appointment, or yearly Sum, payable during Life, by

in difficult Cafes. way of Acknowledgement; charg'd on the Eftate of a Prince,

He prefides in the Penitentiary, difpatches Difpenfations, Company, particular Perfon, &c.

Abfolutions, tiJc. and has under him a Regent, and twenty four Proctors or Advocates of the facred Penitentiary.

PENNON, a Standard with a long Tail ; anriently belong- ing to a Ample Gentleman ; properly us'd place over a Tent. See Guidon, ci°c.

It is oppos'd to the Banner, which was fqua when any one was to be made a Banneret, the Ceremony con- futed in Cutting oft" rhe Tail of his Pennon, and thus con- verting it into a Banner, SeeBANNER, or Banneret.

The word comes from the Latin, PannllS, Cloath.

PENNY, or PEN Y, in Commerce, an ancient Englifi Coin

In the Romifij Countries, 'tis frequent to have Pen/ions on Benijices : Thefe were antiently granted with a great deal of Eafe, under pretence of Infirmities, Poverty, £Jc. But fioce a Guidon to the XII. Century, thefe Pretences were carried fo far, that the Incumbents, or Titularies of Benefices were little more than Farmers.

This oblig'd the fpirirual Powers to fix the Caufes, and the quantities of penfwns. Penficns are now only creatable by the Pope ; and are never to exceed one third of the Revenue; two thirds being ftill to remain to the Incumbent.

Pensionary, is alio the firft Minifter of the States of the

and hence,

which had formerly confiderable Courfe; but is now generally Province of Holland. See States.

dwindled into an imaginary Money, or Mony of Account. See The Penfionary is Chairman in Aflcmblies of the States of

Mony and Coin. that Province; he propofes the Matters to be confulted on,

The ancient Englifi Penny, Penigot Pening, is the firft collects the Votes, forms and pronounces the Resolutions of

Silver Coin ftruck in England; nay, and the only one Cur- the States, opens Letters, confers with foreign Minifters, g?c.

rent among our Saxon Anceftors, as is agreed by Cambden He is charg'd with infpecting the Finances, preferving the

Si elman,T)r. Hicks, &c. Rights of the Province, maintaining the Authority of the

Hence' Peny, in ancient Statutes, tfc. is ufed for all States, and feeing to the Obfervation of Laws, &c. for the

Silver Money. Cambden derives the Word from the Latin, good of the State.

Pecan/a Money, in the general ; and hence the Ward-Peny, He affifts in the College of Deputy-Councellors of the Pro-

Aver-pe'ny, Hundred-peny, Tithing-feny, and Brothal-feny. vince, who reprefent the Sovereignty in the Abfence of the

The penny was equal in Weight to our Three-pence; five States ; and is perpetual Deputy of the States General of the

of 'cm made one Shilling, or Sailing Saxon ; thirty a Mark United Provinces.

atMmcuCe equal to our 7 s. 6d.. See Mark, Mancuse His Commiffion is only given for five Years; alter which

jefc, ' 'ris deliberated whether or no it fhall be renew d. Indeed,

Till the Time of King Elivari I. The Penny was ftruck there is no Inftance of its having been revoked. Death only

with a Crofs fo deeply indented in it, that it might be eafily p ut s a Period to the Functions of this important Minifter.

broke, and parted, on occaflon, into two parts ; thence call'd Formerly, he was call'd the Advocate if the Province : The

Half-'pennys; or into four, thence call'd Fourthings, or Far- Title Penfionary was only given at the Time Barnveli had

things. See Farthing. t _ the Office.

But that Prince coin'd it without Indenture; in lieu of.

which he firft ftruck round Half-pence and Farthings. Crvttas