Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/379

 PEN

( 774 )

PEN

PEGMATES, or PEGMARES, In Antiquity, a Name PELICOIDES, in Geometry, a Figure, in form of k

given to certain Gladiators, as well as Artificers, among the Hatchet ; whence its Name3 from the Greek w'tteia/s Hatchet

Romans. and 3 Jet form.

The Ancients fometimes exhibited Shews of certain Ma- Such is the Figure BC5DA, Tab. Geometry Eig 45. contain- erizes, call'd Pegmata. Thefe were a Kind of Scaffolds, ed under the two inverted Quadrantal Arks A B and A 2) variously adom'd, fomewhat after the Manner of thofe now and the Semi-circle B C C D. rais'd for Fire- works. The Area of the Pelicoides is demonftrated to be equal to

Thefe Scaffolds being made to play, either threw up into the Square A C, and that, again, to the Rc&angle E B : h is

theAirthe Matters wherewith they were charg'd; and a- equal to the Squarev^Cbecaufe it wants of the Square on the

mong the reft, Men, who were thus facrificed to afford the left-hand, the two Segments AS and AC, which are equal to

People Diverfion ; or they precipitated 'em into Holes dug in the two Segments B C and C 2), by which it exceeds on the

the Ground, where they lighted their Funeral Piles ; or into Right-hand,

the Dens of wild Beafts. PELLUCID, a Term of the fame Import as Diaphanous

Now, both the miferable People thus facrificed, and the or tranfparent ', See Transparent, %$c.

Workmen that made and play'd the Machines, were call'd Pellucid, ftands oppofed to Opake. See Op a ke.

(Pegmates, The Word is form'd of the Latin pelluceo or per'luceo, I

According to Cafaubon, Fire was fet to the Scaffold, pinejforo\

and the Pegmates were to fave 'ernfelves thro' the Flames. and the Wrack of the Machine.

Lipfius fays {imply, that the Pegmates were fuch Glad/a tors as fought on Scaffolds eredftcd for that purpofe.

They were alfo call'd Petaunftes. See Gladiator,

PELLUCIDITY,- Diaphaneity or transparency. .Transparency, i$c.

See

PELTA, in Antiquity, a kind of Buckler, ufed among the Ancients. See Buckler.

The Pelta was final], light, and more manageable than the

PEIRCED, in Heraldry; when an ordinary, or Charge in 'Parma. See Parma.

Heraldry hath a Hole ink, fo that the Field appears through; It appears from Virgil, and other Authors, that the <P elta

they fay that ordinary, or charge, is Peirced. See Pierced. was the Buckler ufed by the Amazons : And Xenophon qb*-

PELAG1ANS, ancient Hereticks, well known in the ferves that the Pelta of the Amazons was like a Leaf of

Church by the Writings ofSts Auguftin. See Here

The Author of this Seel:, Peiagius, properly call'd Morgan, was an Jrijb Monk, Cotemporary with St. Jerom, and St. Alt- gujtin. He quitted his Country to go and live in the Eaft ; ac- cording to the Cuftom of the Monks of thofe Days, who

Ivy.

Pliny fpeaking of the Indian Fig-tree, fays its Leaves are the Width of the Amazonian Pelta. Servius on the ALneU fays, the Pelta refembled the Moon in herfirlt Quarter.

PELVIS, in Anatomy, the lower-part of the Cavity of the were not attach'd to particular Houfes like thofe of our Abdomen ; thus call'd from its refemblance to a Bafon or Days. Ewer, call'd in Latin, Peivis. See Abdomen.

He abfolutely denied all original Sin, which he held to be the The Pelvis is always much larger in Women than Men to mere Invention of St. Augetftm; and taught that Men are entire give Room for the Growth, £$c, of the FcetUS. Matters of their Acf ions, perfectly free Creatures, in oppefi- ] Tis well fortified with Bones, to skreen the Contents from tion to all Prcdeftination, Reprobation, Election, &c. See external Injuries Original Sin, Predestination. Pelvis, of the Kidneys, a large Membranous Sinus, or

He own'd indeed that the natural Power of Man needed Cell, in the concave Part of the Kidneys. See Kidney. to be affifted by the Grace of God, to enable him to work From the twelve Papilla of the Kidneys, arife twelve Ca- out his own Salvation; but by this Grace, he only meant nals. call'd Fifttllte Membranacece. Thefe at length are col- outward Affiltance, viz. the Do6trines of the Law and of the lecfed into three larp,e Branches, which being at kit united in- Gofpel. SeeGRACE. to one, form the Pelvis-, and this again, contracting it felf,

Tho', when prefs'd by thofe Words of St. Paul, Deus eft enim terminates in a Membranaceous Pipe, call'd the Ureter. See qui operatur in nobis, &c. he own'd that 'tis God, in effect, Papilla and Ureter.

that makes us will what is good, when he warns and excites The Urine, then, feparated from the Blood by the Urinary us by the Greatnefs of the Glory we are to obmin, and by the Pipes ; conveyed by them into the Papilla; and taken up by Promifcs of Rewards ; when he makes us love him, by re- the Fiftuiet Membranace<e ; is brought into the Pelvis, and

vealing his Wifdom, &c.

Thefe are Pelagius's own Words, as cited by St. Augv.ftin ; who confutes him, and fhews that befide thefe exterior Graces, there are required other real and interior ones.

Pelagius own'd further,that the Will of Man is indeed aided by a real Grace ; but added that this Grace is not abfolutely

thence difcharg'd into the Ureter, thence into the Bladder &c. §ee Urine.

PEN, according to Cambien, originally fignifies a high Mountain ; which was thus call'd among the ancient Britaws % and even Gauls. And hence that tall Range, which parts Italy and Prance, is

neceffary in order to live well; but only helps us to do well call'd Apennines. See Mountain

with the moreeafe. Pbn, is alfo a little Inftrument, ufually form'd of a Quill,

r fulian, one of his Adherents went further yet ; and own'd and ferving to write withal. See Writing.

thatthe Affittance of Grace was abfolutely neceffary. to enable 'Dutch Pens, are thofe made of Quills which have been

us to do perfect Works. paffed thro' hot Alhes, to take off the groffer Fat and Moif-

In effect, the grand Doclrine of the Pelagians, was, that a rure thereof. See Quill.

Man might accomplifli all the Commands of God by the Fowitain-Vt.^. See Fountain-^?;.

mere force of Nature ; and that the Giftsof Grace were only T>Eii-Stock, a fort of Sluice or Flood-gate, placed in the

neceffary to enable him to aft more eafily, and more per- Water of a Mill-pond, or the like, to retain or let go the Water

feaiy.

PELAGIjE, in natural Hiftory, a Term ufed to cxprefs fuch Sea-ShellsandFiftes, as never, or very rarely,are found near

the Shores ; but always refide in the Deep,

at Plcafure. See Sluice.

PENANCE, is properly the Exercife o^Penitence^ and may be defined a Punifliment, either voluntary, or impofed by ;

of the Bottom of the Sea, which are moil remote from Land See Shell.

The Word is form'd of the Greek wsAa>or, Marine, be- longing to the Sea.

PELLS, Clerk of the Pells. See Clerk of the Pells.

PELL1CAN, among Chymifts, a Kind of double Veffel: ordinarily of Glafs ; ufed in dialling Liquors by Circulation See Double Vejfcl, and Circulation

thofe parts legal Authority, for ihe Faults a Perfon has committed. See

Punishment.

In this Senfe the Romanifts define it a Sacrament, where- in a Perfon, who hastherequifite Difpofitions, receives Abfo- lution at the Hand of the Prieft, of all Sins committed fince Baptifm. See Sacrament.

To a Legitimate Penance they require three Things, Con- trition, Abfolution, and Satisfaction.

Their Priefts receive a Power of adminiftring the Sacra-

Pellican, is alfo an Inftrument ufed by Chirurgeons, $£c. mentof penance, when they receive the Priefthood; but to

to draw Teeth.

Pellican, again, is the Name of an ancient Piece of Ordinance, equal to a Quartcr-Culverin, and carrying a Ball of fix Pounds. See Culverin.

PELLICLE, PELLICULA, a Diminutive of Pellis, Skin • a thin Film, or Fragment of a Membrane or Skin.

The Epiderma or Cuticula, is a little pellicle covering the Derma, Cutis, or Skin. See Cuticle.

The Valves of the Veins and Arteries are infenfible Pelli

exercife this Power, 'tis required they have the Turifdicrign of an Ordinary, ?'. c. that they have a Benefice, either Original or Delegated ; with the Approbation of the Bifhop to near Confeffions.

Penance, is particularly ufed in the Romijb Church, for the Penalty which a Confeffbrimpofes, for the Satisfaction of the Sins whereof a Perfon is abfolved. See Confession and Absolution.

The ancient Difcipline, Du-p'm obferves, was very fevere

chs, which open and iliut to promote the Circulation. See on the Head of Penanoe. For great Crimes People were ex

Valve. . eluded the Communion of the Church, expell'd the AfTem-

WhenanyChymical Solution is evaporated in agentleHeat blies of the Faithful, obliged to faff, and to mortify 'em- till a thin Skin or Film arife a Top, 'tis call'd an Evaporation felves publickly, even at the Church Door, cut their Hair, to a Pellicle, wherein there is but jufi Liquor enough left to go always on Foot, effo keep the Salts in fufion. See Evaporation. He adds, that thofc who had done publick penance, were

PELLETS, in Heraldrv, a Name given thofe Roundles never admitted into the Clergy ;and that public Penance was

which are Black; call'd alio OgreJJes and Gun-ftoneu never