Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/376

 PED

C 771 )

PED

PEDANTRY, or PEDANTISM, the Quality or Manner which Mains the fluted Ionic Columns of the Palace of the

of a 'Pedant. Tuillteres on the Side of the Garden.

To fwell up little and low Things, to make a vain Show of Pedestals of Statues, are thofe fervins> to fupport

Science, to heap up Greek and Latin without Judgement, to Figures or Statues. SeeSTATUE.

pull and tear thofe who differ from us about a Paffoge in Sue- VigneH obferves, there is no Part of Architecture more Ar-

101UUS, or the Etymology of a Word, to ftir up all the World bitrary, and wherein more Liberty may be taken than in the

againlt a Man lor not admiring Cicero enough, to be interefted <Pedeflals of Statues; there being no Laws prefiribed by

for the Reputation of an Ancient as if he were our next of Antiquity ; nor any even fettled by the Moderns.

K.in, is what we properly call 'Pedantry. . There is no fettled Proportion for thefe Pedejtals ■ but the

PEDESTAL, in Architecfure, the lowed Part of an order Height depends on the Situation, and the Figure they fuftain

of Columns; being that which fuftains the Column ; and Xet, when on the Ground, the Pedeflal is ufually twotbirdss

ferves it as a Foot or Stand. See Column. or two filths of that of the Statue : But the more Maffrve the

The Word is form'd from the Latin Pes 'pedis, Foot and Statue, the flronger the Pedeflal. <'j\& Column. Their Form, Charaaer, (sic. are to be Extraordinary and In-

The 'Pedeflal, call'd by the Greeks, Stylobates and Stereo- genious, far from the Regularity and Simplicity of the Pe-

iates, confilfs of three principal Parts; viz,, a fquare Trunk dejtals of Columns. The fame Author gives us a great Va-

ox1)ye, which makes the Body; a Corniche, the Head; and riety of Forms, Oval, Triangular, Multangular &c. a Safe the Foot of the Pedeflal. See Dye, Corniche, and PEDICLE, in Botany, the little Stalk" or Tail, whereby

Base. the Leaf, Fruit, or Flower is connected to its Branch or Stem.

The c Pede(lal\s properly an Appendage to a Column; not SeeFLowER, Leaf, &c. an effential Part thereof ; ' tho' M. te Clerc thinks 'tis Effen- Flowers will keep frefh a long Time after gathering, by ini- tial to a compleat Order. See Order. merging their 'pedicles in Water.

The Proportions and Ornaments of the 'Pedeflal, are dif- The great Secret of prcferving Fruits for the Winter, is to

ferent in the different Orders : Vignola, indeed, and moft of feal up their Pedicles with Wax.

the Moderns make the Pedeftal and its Ornaments in all the Cherries with the fhorteft pedicles, are efleem'd the bell." Orders, one third of the Height of the Column, including the The Piftil of the Flower frequently becomes the 'P.dtcle of

Bafe arid Capital ; but fome deviate from this Rule.

M. 'perrault makes the Proportions of the three condiment Parts of 'Pedefiah the fame in all the Orders, viz. the Bafe or

the Fruit. See Pistil.

The Word is a Diminutive of the Latin, P>es Foot. PEDIMENT, in Architecture, a Kind of low Pinnacle;

Socle one fourth of the 'Pedeflal; the Corniche an eighth Part; ferving to crown an Ordinance, or finilh a Frontifpiece ; and

and the Socle or Plinth of the Bafe two thirds of the Bafe it placed as an Ornament over Gates, Doors, Windows, Miches,

felf. The "Height of the Dye is what remains of the whole Altars, fjc. See Crowning, (Sic.

Height of the 'Pedeflal. The Pinnacles of the plaineft Houfes, Vitruvius obferves,

Tufcan Pedestal, is the fimpleft, and the lowed. gave Architects the firft Idea of this noble Part ; which Hill

'palladio and Scamozzi, make it three Modules high ; Vi- retains the Appearance of its Original. See Pinnacle.

guo/a$. See Proportion. The Parts of the 'Pediment are, the Tympanum, and its

Its Members in Vignola, are only a 'Plinth for a Bafe, Corniche.

the 'Dye, and a Talon crowned, for a Corniche. The firft is the Panncl naked, or Area of the 'Pediment \

The Tuflcan Column has rarely any Bafe. See Tuscan. enclos'd between the Corniche, which crowns it, andtheEn-

Doric Pedestal, 'Palladia makes four Modules, five Minutes high, Vignola Modules four Minutes.

In the Antique, we not only don't meet with any 'Pedef- tals; but even, not with any Bafe in the Doric Order.

The Members in Vignola's Hone 'Pedeflal, are the fame with thofe in the Tufcan, with the Addition of a Mouchette in its Corniehe. See Doric.

jonic Pedestal, in Vignola and Seriio, is C Modules

tablature, which ferves it as a Bafe or Socle. See Tympa- num, &c.

Architefls have taken a deal of Liberty in the Form of this Member: Nor do they vary lefs as to the Proportion of the 'Pediment.

The moft beautiful, according to Daviler, is that where its Height is about one fifth of the Length of its Bafe. It is defcribed thus : divide the Line a £,(Tab. Architecture

high ; in Scamozzi 5 ; in the Temple of Fortuna Vmlis 'tis Fig. II.) which is the Length of the Bafe.into two equal Parts,

7 Mod. 1 2 Mill. in the Point c, by means of the PerpendicuLr f d ; in this

Its Members and Ornaments are moftly the fame with thofe Perpendicular, take the Part e d, equal to a c ; and from the

of the Uioric, only a little richer. Point d, as a Centre, defcribe the Arch a e b. The Point of

The 'Pedeflal now ufually follow'd, is that of ' Vitruvius ; the Perpendicular cut in e, will be the Top of the Pedi,nent

tho' we don't find it in any Work of the Antique. a e b ; and the Corniche, and the Triangular Space included

Some in lieu hereof Ufe tho Attic Bafe, in imitation of the therein, the Tympanum.

Ancients. See Attic. Vitruvius calls the Pediments, Fajiigia ; a Word which fig-

Corinthian Pedestal is the richeft and moft delicate, nifies a Roof rais'd, or pointed in the Middle, which Form

tn Vignola 'tis 7 Mod. high ; in Palladio 5 Mod. 1 Min. in among the Romans was peculiar to Temples. All their

Seriio 6 Mod. 15 Min. in the Colifelim 4 Mod. 2 Min. Dwelling-houfes are cover'd in the Plat-form manner; and

Its Members in Vignola are as follows : in the Bafe are a Salmafius on Solin obferves, that Crcfar was the firft who

'Plinth for a Socle, over that a Tore carved ; than a Reglet, obtain'd leave to Roof his Houfe with a Ridge or Defcenr,

a Gllla inverted and inrich'd, and an Aftragal. after the manner of Temples. See Plat-form.

In the 'Dye are a Reglet, with the Conge over it, and near Pliny tells us, that Pediments vere Firft made to place

the Corniche a Reglet with a Conge underneath.

In the Corniche is an Aftragal a Frieze, Fillet, Aftragal, Gorge, Talon, mi a Fillet. See each under its proper Ar- ticle.

Statues upon, whence they were call'd 'Plafla.

The 'Pediment is ufually Triangular, and fometimes an equilateral Triangle, call'd ai& a pointed 'Pediment; fome- times it is Circular ; tho' Felibien obferves, that we have no

Compofite Pedestal, in Vignola, is of the fame Height Inftance oUomiiPediments in the Antique, befide thofe in the with the Corinthan, viz. 7 Mod. in Scamozzi 6 Mod. 2 Min. Chapels of the Rotondo.

in 'Palladio 6 Mod. 7 Min. in the Gcldfmiths Arch 7 Mod. Sometimes its upper Corniche is divided into three or four 8 Min. Sides, or right Lines. Sometimes the Corniche is cut, or open

Its Members in Vignola, are the fame with thofe of the Co- a Top; which is an Abufe introduced by the Moderns, parri- rinthian ; with this Difference, that whereas thefe are moft of cularly Michael Angela ; for the Defign of this Part, at leaft 'em enrich'd with Carvings in the Corinthian, they are all over Doors, Windows, &c being chiefly to fhelte r thofe un- plain in the Camp'flte. derneath from the Rain ; to leave it open in the Middle, is to

Nor muft it be omitted, that there is a Difference in the fruftrate its End. Profiles of the Bafe and Corniche in the two Orders. Sometimes the 'Pediment is form'd of a couple of Rolls, or

The Generality of Architects, TJaviler obferves, ufe Tables Wreathes, like two Confoles join'd together. See Console. or Pannels, either in Relievo or Creux, in the Dyes of Pedef- Sometimes the 'Pediment is without Bafe, or its lower Cor- tals • without any regard to the Character of the Order. Thofe niche is cut out, all but what is beftow'd on two Columns, or in Relievo, he obferves, only fit the Tufcan and Tioric; Pilaftcrs, and on thefe an Arch or Sweep rais'd, in lieu of an the three others muft be indented; which he adds, is a Entablature; of which Seriio gives an Inftance in theAnti- Thinr the Ancients never pracfis'd, as being contrary to the que, in a Corinthian Gate at Foligny, in Umbria ; and T/a- Rulcs of Solidity. viler, a more Modern one, in the Church of St Peter at

Sjuare Pedestal, is that whofe Height and Width Rome. are equal ; as that of the Arch of the Lyons at Verona, of Under this kind of Pediments, come thofe little arch'd the Corinthian Order ; and fuch, fome Followers of Vitrtl- Corniches, which form 'Pediments over Doors and Windows, vius, as Seriio, Philander, &c, have given to their Tufcan fupported by two Confoles, in lieu either of Entablature or Orders. Columns.

'Doable Pedestal, is that which fupports two Co- Sometimes the 'Pediment is made double, i. e. a lefs Tedi- Iumns, and is more in Width than Height. ment is made in the Tympanum of a larger, on account of

Continued Pedestai., that which fupports a Row of fome Projefture in the Middle ; as in the Frontifpiece of the Columns without any Break or Intterruption ; fuch is that Church of the Great Jefus at Rome 3 but this Repetition is

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