Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/375

 PEG ( 770 ) P E D

either to be corrected by Alteratives and Speciflcks, or evacu- ated. See Disease, &c.

PECK, aMeafure, or Veffel us'd in meafuring Grains, Pulfe, and the like dry Matters. See Measure.

The Standard, or Winchefter 5P«&, contains two Gallons ; each Gallon weighing about eight Pound Troy, See Gal- eon.

Pour 'Pecks make a Bufhel 5 four Eufliets a Comb or Car- nock, &c. See Bushel.

Befides the general, or Winchefter Peck, there are Local Pecks, containing fome more, fome lefs, as the Laucajler "peck containing fix Gallons, &c.

PECQUETS 7)i0, in Anatomy, the Thoracic 7)uB ; thus call'd from its Difcoverer Pecquet. See Thoracic Duct.

PECTEN Arboris, in Botany, is the Grain of the Wood of any Tree. See Wood.

Pecten, in Anatomy, is us'd by fome Authors for the Regioftt&iSj or lower Part of the Hypogafirium. See Hyto- 6A6TB.1UM.

PECTINIS Os in Anatomy, the fame with 0* 'pubis. See Os Pubis.

PECT1NEUS, in Anatomy, the third of the fifteen Muf- cles of the Thigh ; fo call'd, becaufe it has its Origin in the Pore-part of the Os PcBinis.

the PeBinetis, with the tPfbas and Iliacus, draw the Thigh forward?, and ot Confequence bend it.
 * Its Infertion is in the Thigh, under the left Trochanter:

PECTORAL, fomething ralating to the Sreafi, PeBus. See Breast,

In the Rowift Church, Bifhops and regular Abbots wear a P>eBoral Crofs, i.e. a little Crois of Gold, hanging from the Keck down the Breath

Pectoral Medicines, or limply PeBorals, are Remedies fervedin fome Parts of Hn[ proper to rtrengthen and relieve the Breail: and Stomach ; or Guards call'd Staticmries. againfl Difeafes of the Breaifc and Stomach.

Their ordinary Intentions are either to attenuate, or thicken the Humours of thofe Parts, which caufe Coughing, %§c. and render 'em fit to be expedtorated, or fpitour.

PECTORALE, or PECTORAL, in the Je-zvijb Law. See Rationale.

PECTORALIS, in Anatomy, a Mufcle which moves the Arm forwards. It arifesby aflefhy and femickcular Begin- ning, from the Clay ucit 'la, Sternum , and Carriages ot the fix fuperior Ribs 5 and covereth a great Part ot the Brealf, and is inferted by a fhort, but ftrong and broad Tendon into the upper and inner Part of the Humerus, between the 'Bi- ceps and 7)eltoides

Its Fibres, near their Infertion, decuffate one another, dren.

The King's Chapel is a. Royal Peculiar, exempt from all fpiritual Jurifdiction, and relerved to the Vifitation and im- mediate Government ot the King himfelf, who is fupreme Ordinary. See Chapel.

It is an ancient Privilege of the See of Canterbury, that wherefoeverany Mannors or Advowfons do belong to it, they forthwith become exempt from the Ordinary, and are reputed Peculiars.

Court of Peculiars, is a Court where the Affairs of Pe- culiars are tranfacted. See Court.

PECUNIA, Money, in our old Law Books, ££r. is fome- times us'd for Cattle, and iometimes for other Goods, as well as Money. See Money, $5Jc.

In the Emendat. of the Laws of Ed-ward the ConfefTbrj by Will- the ifl, 'tis ordered that no Viva pecitnia, living Pe~ cunia, i. e. Qhattle be bought or told, except within Citiesj and that before three fufficient Wirnefl.es. See Chattel.

Again, jfttf habet 50 TDenariatus vivee Peatnice, Sic. la TJomefdayi pecunia is frequently us'd, pro pecude; as, Patture ad pecztmam Villte ; &> pecunia Lcciefi^ was antiently us'd for the Eitate of the Church.

Pecunia Sepulchralis, was Money antiently paid to the Prieit at the opening of the Grave, for the Good and Behoof of the deceafed's Soul, and which our Saxon Ancestors call'd Soul-Scot, and Anim<£ Symbolism.

PEDAGE, Toll, or a Local Right exacted on Perfons, Goods, and Carriages pairing thro' certain Places. Sec Toll.

ptdage is ufually levied for the Repairing of Roads, Bridges, Caufeways, the Paving of Streets, ££c

Antiently, thofe who had the Right of Pedage, were to keep the Roads fecure, and Anfwer for all Robberies com- mitted on Paffengers between Sun and Sun; which is ttill ob- id, and in Italy, where there are eiiabiifh'd for the Security of Merchants, particularly at Terracina^ on the Road between Rome and Naples.

PEDAGOGUE, a Term of Reproach, us'd for a Tutor, or Maimer, to whom is committed the Difcipline and Direc- tion of a Scholar 3 to be instructed in Grammar and other Arts. The Word is form'd from the Greek vaifuv ayayii, puero- rum duBor, leader of Boys. M. Fleury obferves, that the; Greeks gave the Name Pedagcgtie to their Slaves, appointed to attend their Children, lead 'em, and teach 'em to walk, £$c.

Pedagogues, among the Romans were likewife Slaves, to whom was committed the Care and Infraction of Chil-

Thofe which come from the Clavicle, or firit Ribs, are on the Lower- fide of the Tendon, and thofe from the inferior Ribs en the Upper-fide ot the Tendon.

Naturalifis ohferve a ipecial Mark of Providence in the Size and Strength of the peBoral Mufcle in different Animals. 'Tis by the Action of this Mufcle, that the flying of Birds is chiefly perform'd: Accordingly it is much larger and ftronger in Birds than in any Animals not made for flight.

Screlli obferves, that in Men the PeBoral Mufcles are froall; fcarce the 50th or 70th Part of all the other Mufcles : But in Birds they are vallly large, equalling, nay, exceeding in Bulk and Weight all the other Mufcles of the Birds toge- ther. See Flying.

Pectoralis interims. See Triangularis.

PECTORIS os, the fame as Sternum. See Sternum.

PECULATE, PECULATUS, in the Civil Law, the Crime of pilfering the Public Money, by a Perfon who is the Manager, Depofitary, or Receiver thereof^ fo call'd, quaji peanut ablatio.

PEDALS, the large Pipes of an Organ, fo call'd, becaufe play'd and ftop'd with the Foot. See Organ.

The Pedals are the largeft Pipes in the Machine, they are made Square, of Wood ; ufually thirteen inNumber.

They are of modern Invention, and ferve to carry the Sounds an OBave deeper than the reft.

PEDANEUS, in the Civil Law, a petty Judge; who has no formal Seat ofjmtice, but hears Caufes ffanding, and with- out any Tribunal.

The Word is form'd from Stans in Pedibus ; and is us'd among the Ancients in oppofition to the Roman Magiftrates, who were feated on Chariots, in Sella Curuli, or had a Tri- bunal or Bench rais'd on high.

The Roman Pedanet, therefore, were fuch as had no Tri- bunal, nor Pretorium, but render 'd Juftice de Piano, or Pia- no pede.

From the 8a Novel, it appears that the Emperor Zeno efla- blifh'd thefe Pedanet, in the See ot every Province; and that Jupiniam erected feven of 'em at Conjtantinop-le, in manner

The Civil Lawyers ufe Peculate for any Theft of a Thing of an Office; granting 'em Power to judge in any Sum as high

Sacred, Religious, Public, or Fifcai. Peculate is profecutcd even on the Criminals Heir.

PECULIUM, the Stock which a Perfon in the Power of another, as a Slave, a Minor, £S?C may acquire by his own Induftry, without any Advance or Affiftance from his Father or Matter, but merely by their Permiffion.

The RcmanshzA a Civil and a Militarj Peculium.

The Word is ufually derived a Pecunia & Pecoribus, becaufe the whole Eftate antiently coniiited in Money and Cat- tle.

Hence Peculmm comes to be us'd among the Romanipti,{ot what each Monk or Religious referves and pofTefTes to him- felf.

Some fay that the Peculium of a Religious, when prefer'd to a Cure, docs not ceafe to belong to the Monaftery ; and that the Property thereof never abfolutely refides in the Re-

as 50c Crowns

PEDANT, a School -Matter, or Pedagogue, who profelTes to inttruct and govern Youth, teach 'em the Humanities and the Arts. See Pedagogue.

Pedant is aifo us'd for a coarfe, unpolifh'd, ftiff, Man of Learning, who makes an impertinent Ufe of the Sciences, and abounds in vile, unfeafonable Criricifms and Obfervations. "Dacier defines a Pedant, a Perfon who has more Reading than good Senfe.

Pedants, are People ever arm'd with Points and Syllo- gifms; breathe nothing but Difpute and Chicanery, and pur- fue a Propofirion to the laft Limits of Logic : Maibranche de- fcribes a Pedant as a Man full of falfe Erudition, who makes a Parade of his Knowledge, and is ever quoting fome Greek or Latin Author, or hunting back to a remote Etymology.

St Evremont fays, that to paint the Folly of a Pedant, we muft reprefent him turning all Conversations to fome one ^PECULIAR in the Canon Law, a particular Parifh or Science he is belt acquainted withal. Church, that hath Jurifdiction within it felf, for Probate of There are Pedants of all Conditions, and of all Robes: and Wills, $$c. Exempt from the Ordinary, and the Bifhops Wicquefort fays, an Embaffador always attentive to Formali- Courts, and peculiarly belonging to the Archbifhop. See ties and Decorums, is nothing elfe but a Political pendant. Arch-Bishop. In the Province of Canterbury are 57 fuch Peculiars. PEDAN-