Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/372

 PEA

C 7^7 ;

PEA

The Word is form'd from the Latin paufa, which we find Each Mother-Pearl ordinarily yields ten or twelve of 'em I

in Lucretius and (PkutUS in the fame Senfe. tho' an Author, who treats of their Production, pretends to

P4.USE, in Mufic, a Character of Silence and Repofe ; have feen an hundred and fifty in the fame Fifh; but thofe in

call'd .alfo by fome, a Mute figure; becaufe it fhews that different Degrees ofPerfeflion. The moil perfeft ftill drop

fomeof the Parts are to be Silent, while the others continue firft; the reft remaining at the Bottom of the Shell. The

the Song ; either for the fake of fome Fugure ot Imitation, or Formation of (Pearls has puzzled both the ancient and modern

to give a breathing Time, or to give room for another Voice, Naturalifts; and given Occafion to a great Number of Hypo-

tfc. to anfwcr what this Part fung, as in Dialogues, Echoes^ thefes, many of 'em wild and extravagent enough : The

g#C,. Ancients,^ Pliny, Solimis, {?« will have 'em to be form'd of

The Ancients had two kinds of Paufes ; the one call'd by Dew. The Fifh, fay they, rife every Morning to the Surface

the Italians, Initial Paufes ; becaufe, firft placed at the Be- of the Water, and there open their Shells, to imbibe the Dew

ginning of the Piece, tho' fometimes after, and regularly be- of Heaven; which, like a Liquid Pearl, insinuating into the

fere the Circle O, or the Semi-circle C. Body of the Oifter, fixes its Salts, and their affume's the Co-

They had alfo Paufes after the Characters of the Meafute, lour Hardnefs and Form of 'Pearl; as fome Liquors are con-

and in the Courfc of the Piece. verted info Cryftals in the Earth; or the Juice of Flowers into

A general Pat/fe is a general CefTation or Silence of all the Honey and Wax in the Bee-hive. Parts? But 'his, how plaufible foever, is apparently falfe : For

(Demi-paufe is a CefTation for the Time of half a Mea- the Oifters grow faft to the Rocks, and no Body ever yet f ure . fawany of 'emappcaron the Surfaccof the Water.

We alfo fay Paufe of a Minim, Paufe of a Semibreve, long Others will have Pearls to be the Eggs of the Fifhes they

'Paufe, Paufes of Croma, and Semi-Croma ; which are Names are found in: But neither does this confift with the Phseno-

eiven by the Italians, to exprefs the different values of mena. For Pearls are found throughout the' whole Subftance

Paufes. For the Signs or Characters of Paufes. See Cba- of the Oifter, in the Head, the Coat that covers it, the cir-

racter. cularMufcles that terminate in it, the Ventricle, and in pe-

PAW, 'Pane, inHeraldry, the Fore-foot of a Beaft cut of neral in all the flefliy and nnrfculous Parts ;fo that there is°no

fhort. If the whole Leg be retain'd, it is call'd Gambe. Appearance that pearls Ihou'd be in the Oifters what the

Lyons-paws are much us'd in Armoury. Eggs and Sperm are in Fowls and Fifhes. For, befide that

PAWN-tote See Broker. there is no particular Place deftined for their Formation ; the

PAWNAGE. See Pannage. Anatomifts have not been able to find any Thing that bears

PAX23«. See Peace of God. any Relation to what paffes in this Refpect in other Ani-

Pax Eccleji<£. See Sanctuary. mals.

Pax Regis, See Peace of the King. Lmige debet effe This, indeed may be faid, that as in a Hen there is an In- Pax Regis d parte fua, ubi refidens fuerit, i quatuor partibus finity of little Eggs, in form of Seed; fome whereof grow loci illiUS, hoc eft- quatuor miliaria & tres ghtarentenis, $$ and ripen, whilft the Reft continue nearly in the fame S°tatej Ifcvem acrte Latitudine, £s? novem pedes, ($ aovem f almas, ££ fo in each Oifter is ufualiy found one Pearl much larger, and tiovsmGranahordei, &c. SeeEnu. Confess. that ripens much falter, than the Reft. This 'Pearl fometimes

Jd (Pacem redire, to reftore to the Peace, is to reverfe an grows big enough to hinderthe Oifter from fhutting, in which Out-lawry ; whereby a Perfon is reftored to the Benefit of the cafe the Fifh rots and dies.

King's Peace. See Out-lawry. Others, with M. Geoffrey the younger, rank Pearls among

Rex poteft dare quod Jimm eft, hoc eft pacem fuam, quam theBezoards; as comprehending under that Clafs all Stone's

Ittlegatm ami fit. Bracton. Lib. 3. form'd in Lays or Strata in the Bodies of Animals. See

p'AYME^T, the Difcharge of a Debt, either by Money Bezoard. really told, or by Bills of Exchange, &c. See Debt, Sfr. M. Reaumur, has a very curious Piece on the Subject of

'Prompt Payment, a popular Term in England and Am- the Formation both of the Shells and Pearls, in the Me- lierdam, is, when a Debtor acquits what he owes before the moirs of the French Academy, An. ijlj. He obferves that Expiration of the Term granted by the Creditor. (Pearls are form'd like other Stones in Animals, as thofe E.

The Difcount for 'Prompt 'Payment on moft Merchandices gr. in the Bladder, Kidneys, (gc, and that they are appa- is ufualiy 1 per Cent. See Discount. rently fheEffeftsof a Difeafe of the Fifh.

PAT, in the Sea Language. The Seamen, fay, pay more In Effect, they are all form'd of a Juice extravafated out Cable, i. e. let out more Cable; and fmy cheap that is, at the of fome broken Veffels, detain'd, and fix'd amon? the Mem- turning the Anchor out of the Boat, to turn it out falter, branes.

PEACE, in its general Signification, ftands in oppofition to To evince the pofibility of this, he fhews that the Shells

War. See War. of Sea-Fifhes, as well as thofe of Snails, &c. are wholly

In our Law-Books, ££c. Peace is reftrain'd to a quiet, and form'd of a glutinous, ftony Matter, ouzing out of the Body

inoffenfive Carriage towards the King, and his People. Lamb, of the Animal. (See bheli.) Now 'tis no wonder that an

Eirenarch. Animal which has Veffels wherein circulates a fufficient

Where any Man ftands in danger of Harm from another, Quantity of ftony Juice to build, thicken, and extend a

and makes Oath thereof before a Juftice of the Peace ; he Shell; fhou'd have enough to form Stones, in cafe the Juice

' mult be fecur'd by good Bond, which is call'd binding to the '

•peace, &c. See Frank-pledge, See alfo Conservator,

andJusucE of the Peace.

Time of Peace is when the Courts of Juftice are open, and

deftined for the Growth of the Shell fhall chance to overflow, and burft forth in any Cavity of the Body, or among the Membranes. To confirm this Syftem, he obferves, that the inner Surface

the Judge and Minifters of the fame may by Law protect of the common 3><w/-Mufcle, found on the Coafts of Pro- Men from Wrong and Violence, and diftribute Juftice to all. vence, is of a Pearl, or Mother of Pearl Colour, from on» See Coke on Little. See alfo Term. . part of its Extent, which he determines, to another; after

Peace of the King, mention'd in the Stat. rf. Rich. id. &e. which it becomes reddifh : Now there are Pearls of two Co- is that Security that the King promifes his Subjects, and others lours found in the Shell ; and the Colours of the Pearls are taken into Protection ; both for Life and Goods. See Suit precifely the fame with thofe of the Shell ; nay, more, each vf the King's Peace. Kind of colour'd 'Pearl is found in the correfponding colour'd

Peace of God and the Church, mention'd in our ancient Part of the Shell, which fhews, that in the fame Place

Law Books, is that Reft andCeffation which the King's Sub- wherein the Tranfpiration of a certain Juice had form'd, and

jects had from Trouble and Suit of Law, between the Terms, wou'd have continu'd to form a Couch, or Lay of Shell of a

Sec Vacation. certain Colour; the Veffels which convey'd that juice being

Peace of the Plough, that whereby the Plough, Plough- broke, ther; is made a little Mafs or Collection of the Juice,

Tackle, and Plough-Cattle are fecured from Diftreffes. See which hardening, becomes a Pearl of the fame Colour with

Fitzfc. Nat. Srev. the part of the Shell to which it correfponds.

Thus Fairs may be faid to have their Peace, becaufe no Add to this.that the Silver,or Peerl-coloat'd part of the Shell

Man may be troubled in them, for any Debt contracted elfe- is form'd of Strata or Lays over one another, like an Onion;

where. and the reddifh Part of little cylindrical, fhort Fibres ap-

CkrkoftheW.kCE. See Clerk of thePeace. plied againft one another. The Pearls of the two Colours

PEACOCK, 'Paw, in Aftronomy, a Conftellation of the have this Difference of Texture; not but they are both com-

Southem Hemifphere; unknown to the Ancients ; not vifible pos'd of concentric Couches ; but thofe of the' reddifh 'Pearls

in our Northern Parts of the World. See Constellation, are much lefs fenfible ; and, befides, have Threads, which

PEAN, inHeraldry, is when the Field of a Coat of Arms like Radii, proceed from their Centre to their Circurnfe-

is Sable, and the Powderings, Or rence.

PEARL, in natural Hiftory, a hard, white, clear Subftance, Thefe Circumftances feem effectually to determine the

ufualiy roundifh, found in a teftaceous Fifh, refembling an Formation of 'Pearls, and to cftablifn the new Syftem beyond

Oifter; and rank'dinthe Number of precions Stones. Contradiction.

The Fifh wherein the 'pearls arc found, is three or four As to the Formation of the 'Pearl-Fifh ; tho' 'tis the moft

times the Size of the common Oifters; and is ufualiy call'd natural Opinion, that this Fifh, like all others, produces Eggs

(Pearl, or Mother of (Pearl, by the Naturalifts, Pinna Ma- or Spawn, whofe exterior Surface at firft is fort and vifcous,

riua. but changes and hardens by degrees into Shell ; yet, we mult

not-