Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/370

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'Patricians were fct on Foot; who had no pretenfions from Birth ; but their Title depended wholly on the Emperor's Favour.

This new patriciate, Zoz-imus tells us, was erected by Conjiantme^ who attributed the Quality to his Councellors; calling 'em Patricii, not becaufc defcended from the ancient Fathers of the Senate, but becaufe they were the Fathers of the Republic, or of the Prince.

This Dignity in time, became the high eft of the Empire. Jnjliman calls it Sttmmam dignitatem, in effect, the patri- cians had the Precedence of Conftllarii, and took Place be- fore 'em in the Senate.

This Dignity was only conferr'd on thofe who had gone thro' the iirit Offices of the Empire ; or had been Confuls.

We frequently read of patricians among the Englip Saxons.

Pope Adrian made Charlemaign take the Title of 'patri- cian 'ere he took the Quality of Emperor; other Popes have given the Title to other Kings and Princes, by reafon of its Eminence.

PATRICIANS, or PATERNIANS ancient Seaaries, who difturbed the Church in the Beginning of the third Century.

They had their Name from their Founder PatrichtS, Pre- ceptor of a Marcionite, call'd Symmachus.

His diftingui/hing Tenet, was that the Subftance of the Flefh is not the Work of God, but that of the Devil; on which Account, his Adherents bore an implacable Hatred to their own Flefh,; which fometimes carried 'em fo far as to kill 'emfelves.

They were alfo called Tatiani. See Tatian.

PATRIMONY, a Right, or Eftatc, which a Perfon in- herits from his Ancestors.

The Name was alfo antiently given to the Effects, or Re- venues wherewith a Church or religious Houfe was endowed. In this Senfe, we fay the 'Patrimony of the Church of Rimi- ni, of MHm % g£a

The Dutchies oiVrbino and Spokto, are called St. Peter's 'Patrimony. The Church of Rome had Patrimonies in feve- ral Countries, in France-, Africa, the AJps, Sicily, &c.

To make what belong'd to the Churches the more reipeffc- ed,they ufually gave their Patrimonies the Name of the Saints they held in the highefl Veneration,

Thus the Church of Ravenna, called its Inheritance the 'Patrimony of 'St. Apollinarius ; that of Milan the Patrimony of St. Afflbftfe, tic, as is obferved by Fra. Paolo.

P ATRIP ASSLANS, a Name given to the SabeUidns; be- caufe they did not believe 'twas the Son, but the Father him- feif that was Crucified. See Saeellian.

The Council of Antioch held by the Fufcbians in 345, fays, that thofe whom the Romans call Patripasjians, the Eajiern People call'd Sabeilians$ it adds the Reaibn of the Name Pairipasfians in their Condemnation; viz-, fuppofing that by the Incarnation of the Father, they render'd him Cumprehen- fible and Paffibk.

PATROLL, or PATROUL, antiently patoul, in War, a Round, or March made by the Guards, or Watch in the Night-time; to obferve what pafles in the Streets, and to fe- curc the Peace and Tranquillity of the City or Camp.

The Patroll confifts of a Body of five or fix Men detach'd from a Corps tie Guard, and commanded by a Serjeant.

PATRON, a Term us'd in various Acceptations, tho' all reducible to the Relation of a Protector and Guardian.

Particularly, in the Church of Rome, a Saint, whofe Name a Perfon bears, or under whofe Protection he is pur, and whom he takes particular Care to invoke ; or a Saint in whofe Name a Church or Order is founded \ or a Perfon who firft efta- blifli'd it, and who is chofen Protector, are call'd Patrons thereof.

St. Peter and St. Paul are the Patrons of the Church of St. Genevieve, St. Denis the Patron of the City Paris, St. George of England, St. Semdicl the Patron of the Benedic- tines, St. Michael of the Armorers, St. Ignatius of the Jefuits^

Patron, Patronus, among the Romans, wa3 ufed for two different Perfons.

They call'd Patron the Mafter, who had freed his Slave. And hence, as the Right, and Relation of Matter expir'dj that of Patron commene'd.

For the Romans, in giving their Slaves their Freedom, did not defpoll 'emfelves of all Rights and Privileges in 'em : The Law ftill fubjected the freed Men to considerable Services and Devoirs to their Patrons, the Neglect whereof was fevere- lypunifli'd. See Slave.

The principal Right which patrons had, was that of being the legal Heirs of theeir freed Men, if they died without law ful Itfue born after their Enfranchifemcnt and Inteftate.

By the Papian Law it was further provided, that if the Eftate of the freed Men were iocooo Sefterces, and he had three Children, the Patronfhon'd have a Child's Portion. See Freed -man, Libert vs, Enfranchisement,

Patron, was alfo a Name which the People of Rome gave to the Perfon, under whofe Protection they put themfeives.

The common People ufually chofe fomc Perfon of Emi- nence and Authority to whom they paid all Kinds of Honour andRefpeft; denominating 'cmiblves his Clients: And the Patron on his Side owed them his Credit and Protection.

By this reciprocal Relation was the patron bound to his Client, and the Client to ni&pMron, See Client.

Patron, in Navigation, a Name given in the' Meditera- nean, to the Perfon who commands the Veffel and Seamen ; fometimes to the Perfon who fleers it; the former in other Places call'd Mapr, the fecond Pilot. See Master and Pilot.

Patron, in the Canon and Common Law, a Perfon who founds, or endows a Church or Benefice, and refcrves to him- felf the Right of Patronage. See Patronage.

The King is Patron Paramount of all Ecclefiaftical Bene- fices in England. See Kino, Paramount, &c.

PATRONAGE, the Right belonging to the Founder of a Church or Benefice. This Right confifts in having the No- mination or Presentation to the Benefice by him founded or endow 'd ; in having the honourable Rights of the Church, in being enterr'd in the Chancel, &c. Sec Benefice.

Of Patronages, fome arc Fay, others Ecclejiajtical.

Fay-patronage is a Right attach 'd to the Perfon, either as Founder, or as Heir of the Founder ; or as Poileflcr of a Fe* to which the Patronage is annex'ct.

Fcckjiapcai Patronage is that 'a Perfon is entitled toby Virtue of fome Benefice which he holds.

If an Ecleiiaftic have a Right of Patronage on his own Eot - torn, independant of his Ecclefiaftic Capacity; this is frill Fay-Patronage.

Fay-PMronage is either real or pergonal: Real is that at- tached to the Glebe, or to a certain Inheritance.

perfonal is that belonging immediately to the Founder of the Church, and tranfmittible to his Children and Family, without being annex'd to any Fee.

Perfonal Patronage cannot be alienated or fold ; Real may, together with the Glebe to which it is annex'd. There mult ever be fome Body or Matter to fix it to, in order to its being transfer'd to another.

The Origin of the Right of Patronage, we find in the 10th. Canon of the Council of Orange ; where it is exprefs'd that a Founder may prefent to the Diocefan the Clerks he thinks proper for his Church, By a Law of Jufiiitian it is ordain'd, that the Founders of Churches may not put Clerics in 'em on their own Authority ; but only prefent them to the Bifhop.

Some Canonifls look on the Right of Patronage, as a Kind of Ecclefiaftic Servitude. See Service.

The Right of Patronage fleeps, but is not loft, while a Perfon is out of the Communion of the Church. '

AmiS oj patronage, in Heraldry, are thofe, a Top where- of are fome Marks of Subjection and Dependance : Thus the City ot Paris bears three Flower-de4is in chief, to fhew her Subjection to the King.

The Cardinals on the Top of their Arms bear thofe of the Pope, who gave 'em the Hat, to fliew that they are his Crea- tures.

PATTES, in Heraldry, the Paws of a Eeaft. See Paw.

PAVAGE, in cur old Law-Books, Money pay'd towards the paving ot Streets orHigh-ways. See Pavement.

PATRONYMIC, a Term which Grammarians ufe ; for thofe Names, which the Greeks gave to the Race, or Li- neage ; and which were form'd from him who was Chief, or Founder thereof. See Name.

Thus the Defendants of.JStacitS, were called JEacides 5 and thofe of Hercules, Heraclides.

Thefe Patronymic-Names the Romans call'd Gentilitia, which amounts to our Sur-names. See Sur-name.

Thus, thofe of the prefent reigning Family in France, we call the Bourbons ; thofe of the late in England, the Stewarts, &c. The Word is form'd from the Greek ivarnp Father, and ovefs-a., Name.

PA VAN, or PA VANE, a Grave Dance, derived from the Spaniards ; wherein the Dancers make a kind of" Wheel, or Tail before each other, like that of a Peacock, whence the Name. See Dance.

The Pavane was antiently in great repute ; and was danced by Gentlemen with Cap and Sword; by thofe of the Long Robe, with their Gowns; by Princes with their Mantles, and by the Ladies with their Gown-tails trailing on the Ground.

It was called the Grand Ball jfrom the Solemnity, where- with it was perform 'd.

To moderate its Gravity, 'twas ufual to introduce feveral \ Flourifh.es, PalTades, Capers, &c. by way of Epifodes.

Its Tablature or Score is given at large by xhoinot Arbeau in his Orchepgraphia.

PAVEMENT, a Lay of Stone, or _ other Matter, ferving to cover and Strengthen the Ground ot divers Places, for the more commodious walking on, orthePaflage of Carriages.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Pavimentum, of Pa- 9 1 wire