Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/368

 PAT

Moffi Authors, except the Etiglip, efteem 'Pttjloral of the Dramatic Kind ; and define it a Dramatic Piece, the Perfons whereof are dad like Nymphs and Shepherds, and aft their own Amours.

The Scene is always in the Pieids or the Woods; whence Tajfo ca ' ls Paftoral, Fable Bocagere.

Such are the 'pajlor Fido of Gmritii, the Jlminta of 'faffb, the Sylvia of Maizet the French Poet ; the Comas of Milton, &c.

ifajfo affumes to himfelf the Honour of having invented Taf- tcral j but the firft Idea of this kind of ^Drama feems to be Beccari's Due, who made the firft Attempt of this Kind in 1552. But 'la/Jo's Aminto, which did not appear till the Tear 1 5 7 3, effacing what had been done by Beccari 5 the firft Author was forgot, and jfaj/b left the Inventor.

Tis certain this Kind or 'Pajtoral Fable, compofed accord- ing to the Rules of the Stage, was unknown among the An- cients. The Greeks and Latins have indeed introduced

( 7h ) PAT

PA IT ir, Fortification, a kind of Platform, like what the* call an Horie-lhoe ; not always regular, but generally Oval encompaffed only with a Parapet, and having nothings flank it. See Horse-Shoe. ° °

It is ufually erefledin Marlhy Grounds, to cover a Gate of a Town.

PATEE orPATTEE, a Term in Heraldry tor a Crols fmall in the Centre, and widening ?r r c $ e. B f "J*^ in theFigure adjoining. The Field is Sable, a Crofs Tattee Ateetit by the Name of Crofs. ° ' '

This Form of a Crofs is called alfo Forme;. See Formee;

PATELIA, in Anatomy, a Bone which covers the Fore- part of the Joynt of the Knee; call 'd alfo Mola, Kotulc. and popularly, rhe Knee-'Pm. See Mola.

The Patella is roundifh on the Out-fide, fomewhat of the

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Figure of a Shield, cover d with a fmooth Cartilage, and a- Shepherds in their Eclogues ; but the e Eciogues had nothing bout tw0 Illches in Diameter; over it Aide the Tendons of th, Theatrical in em ; nor were the Shepherds ever brought Mu f c l e s which extend the Lei

upon the Stage. See Eclogue.

This Kind of Dramatic <PaJloral is ftill but little known

among us ; nor have we any Thing considerable under the

Title of ^Paficrals, but Country-pieces after the manner of the

Eclogues or Idyllions of the Ancients. See Idyllion.

Everv tPa/toral, however, even in this laft View, fhou'd have

eg, as on a Trochlea, or Pulley.' But its more immediate Ufe is to hinder the Lef/ from be- ing bent forwards in Extenfion; which wou'd of ncceititv be the Cafe in this Articulation, did not this Bone, like a Bols- ter, check its rolling forwards; as the Olecranum does the fwing of the Cubitus backwards. See Olecranum.

In an ercft Pofture, when one Foot is fet forwards, the

little Plot, or Table : which may deferve the Title of iVajtoral who le Weight of the Body bears on the Patella- which •'.p-.jp.. Tr mull, be .Sunn e. and hut- nne : vet. nor fo as ro re- .i_ - o:......" l:_j_..- _i_ . ^ r . .. ? V"*-"

Scene. It mu{t be Simple, and but one ; yet, not fo as to re- fufeallDigrcffions, provided they be but fmall. This Rule of the Plot is every where obferv'd by Virgil.

PASTORAL-STAFF. See Crosier.

PASTRY, the Branch [of .Cookery, which teaches the Preparation oiPafie with feveral favoury Ingredients ofFlefh, Fruits, Spices, Sugar, Butter, &c. See Paste.

Pastry, ischiefly convcrfant in the making of Pies > Paf- ties, Patties, Cakes, Bifcuits, £S?r. See Pve, Pasty.

PASTURA, in our Law-Books, is any Place where Cattle are occasionally fed ; by which it differs from Pajcua, which is a Place fet wholly a-part tor feeding, and never plough'd.

'Pafiura, fays Linde-ztvde, Omne Genus pajcendi figmficar, five inpmtis, Jive inJtipaU, Jive in Jgris, Jive in Cambist Jed Pafcua ejt locus prinapaliter deputatus ptcoribus pafcendis-ut fut it in Montibus, Moris, Marij'cis flams non cultis jiec Gratis.

PASTURE Ground is that not cultivated ; that is, neither Meadow, nor Arable ; but refcrved for the feeding ot Cattle.

The belt. Domains are thofe confining in <PaJlure, they need no Tilling. Holland is a Country abounding much in fcjliire.

PASTUS, the Procuration, or Provifion which the King's, or Lords Tenants, are bound to make for 'em at certain Days, or Seafons, or as often as they make a Progrefs to their Lands.

This, in many Places, has been converted into a pecuniary Fee; as in the Procurations of the Clergy. See Procura- tion.

PASTY, in Cookery, a Work of Paltry; being a Prepara- ti on of fome proper Meat, as Beef, Vcnifon, Lamb, or the like, well bonedj beaten up to a Pulp, and highly feafon'd 3 put up in a Parte, and then baked in an Oven.

They alfo make Vealpajlies, Umble-jpafties] Kidney-paf- ttBS, Marrow -pajlies, gsfa

PATAVIMTY,PATIVINITAS, among Criticks and Philofophcrs, a Fault objected to Titfis Livy\ which he de- rived from his Country 'Padua, Patavium.

AJinius Pollio, as we are inform'd by ^uintillian, tax'd Zivy of 'Patavinity -. What this Patavimty confuted in, has given the Criticks a World of Pain.

'Paolo 'Bern, Profeffor of Eloquence in the Univerfity of Pa- dua, is of Opinion, it mult be underftood of the Inclination of that Hiftorian to 'pompeyh Party: But wou'd Pollio have ^ reproach'd him with an Inclination from which he himfelf Prayer. SeeCHAPLET

this Situation, hinders the Knee from bendinn backwards and (training the Mufcles that inflect it behind^

Hence it was that Gakns Wrcftler, who had diflocated his Patella, found fo much Pain in going down Hill.

PATENA,in the Romip Church, the Cover or Lid of the Chalice, made ^of the fame Metal therewith, ferving to hold the Particles of the Hoft; and given the People to Jufswhen they make an Offering. It has its Name Patena; a Patendo ■ and is a general Name in Columella for any broad flat VefF-1. -

PATENT, or Letters 'Patent, in Law, the Kino's Let ters, feal'd with ihe Great-Seal ; ferving to convey the Titl .* or Property of fome Grant, Favour, Privilege of a new EiU- blifhment, or the like. See Letters 'Patents.

They have their Name in opposition to Letters de Cachet 5 becaufe deliver'd open, m fateant omnibus ; whereas the 0- ther are feal'd. It is to be noted, that 'Patents differ from Writs 5 and that a Coroner is made by Writ, not by Patent. See Writ.

Patentee, is he, to whom the King grants his Letters 'Patent,

PATERA, among Antiquaries a Goblet, or "VefTel, ufed by the Romans in their Sacrifices ; wherein they offer'd their confecrated Meats to the Gods; and wherewith they made Li- bations. See Sacrifice and Libation.

On Medals, the Patera is feen in the Hands of feveral Dei- ties; and frequently in the Hands of Princes, to mark the Sa-- cerdotal Authority, join'd with the Imperial, &c,

Hence, F. Joiibert obferves, that befide the 'Patera, there is frequently an Altar upon which the Patera feems to be a pouring.

The 'Patera was of Gold, Silver, Marble, Brafs, Giafs, or Earth ; and they us'd to enclofe it in Urns with the Afhes of the Deceas'd, after it had ferv'd for the Libations of Wine and other Liquors at the Funeral.

The Patera is an Ornament in Architecture, frequently feen in the 'jbcrick Freeze ; and the Tympans of Arches.

The Word is form'd from the Latin 'Patera, of 'Pateo I am open; quod pateat, becaufe it has a great Aperture; in con- trad if tincri on to Bottles, &c. which have only narrow Necks or whofe Aperture is lefs than the Body of the Veflel.

PATER-NOSTER, the Lord's Trayer ; a Form fo call'd from the two Initial Words thereof.

Pater-noster is alfo us'd for a Chapelet or firing of Beads ; becaufe, ferving to Number the Rchearfals of that

Pater-nosters, in Architecture, a*e certain Ornaments placed underneath Ovolos, cut in form of Beads, round or Oval. See Bead.

PATER-NOSTREE in Heraldry. A Crcfs Pater-vopee, is a Crofs, made up of Beads, as in the Figure adjoining. J See Cross.

was not exempt?

'Pignoriits will have the c Patavinity to confift in Livtfs re- taining the vicious Orthography of his Country-men of Padua; who wrote fibe and quafe, forjibi and quaji^ which he proves from feveral ancient Inicriptions.

Fd. Rapin, takes the Patavinitf to be only a faulty Pro- nunciation, which fliock'd the delicate Ears of the People in the Court of Augujius ; and favour'd a little of that Country.

Morhoftns believes it to be a certain Turn of Expreffion, and fome Phrafes peculiar to the Paduefe.

All we know for certain, is, that it was a Fault in the Lan- guage of Livy\ not in the Sentiments or Manners. In all pro- bability, 'tis one of the Delicacies thatare loft in a dead Lan- guage. M. 'Balzac cou'd not ridicule his Dotard better than by fuppofing he valued himfelf on having difcover'd the <Pa- tavinhy objected by pcllio to Livy.

Dan. Georg. Mortyius, has an exprefs Treatife, Z)e pa- PATERNITY, the Quality of a Father. See Father. tavmitate Limana, Printed at Kiel in 1685 ; where he ex- There is an immediate Relation between the Paternity plains, very learnedly, the Urbanity and Peregrinity of the La- of the Father, and the Filiation of the Son. in the Myttery of tin Tongue; the Trinity, See Tjujsit*.

Th.

Ncte, This Crofs 5s to be fo fhadowed in drawing, as that the, Sphericity of the Beads may appear;to diftinguifli 'em from Befants, &c.