Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/367

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fufpcnded with fome Violence, occafioned by Admiration. Nor can they be in either of thofe Situations, while Fear calls 'em from the outer Parts of the Body, to afTemble 'em about the Heart; orRage fends 'em into the Mufcles, and makes 'em act there with Violences very oppoJite to the Operations of Fear.

The Caufes and Eftefls, therefore, of the Paffions in the Soul, are to be iludied, to be able to manage 'em with all their Force, Virgi I fmnilhes two Examples, of what we have {aid about the Simplicity and Difengagement of each Paffton, in the Deaths of Camilla and "Pallas. See the jEneid.

PASSION in Heraldry, or the Crofs of Pasfion, a Crots thus called, becaufe, in Shape of that wherein our Saviour fuffer'd, i. e. not crofs'd in the Middle, but nearer the lop ; with Arms fhort in proprotion to the Length of the Shah. See Cross. „ -

PASSION-WEEK, the Week next preceeding taper.

See Easter. , . „

It is thus call'd from our Saviour's faJKon, i. e. his Cruci- fixion, which happen'd on the Friday of this Week, now call d Good- Friday.

Mai PASSION. See Iliac Paffton.

PASSIVE, a term of Relation, implying a Thing to fuSer, or undergo the Action of fome other ; which in reipecf here- of isdenominated JSive. See Active.

In all Generarions, the School Philofophers conceive an active Power and a Paffive. See Power.

In civil Life, we fay fuch a Perfon in fuch an Elcttion, has both an active Voice, and a Pasfive, i. e. he is both capable ot Electing and being Elected. See Voice.

Some alfo ufe the term Paffive -Debt, for a Debt which we owe another; in contradiitiiiction to an ASive Debt, which is owing us. See Debt.

The Chymilts divide their Principles or Elements into Ac- tive and Pasfive. The Pa five are fuch as have no active Force inherent in themfclves; and only act by being join'd with ibme of the other. See Principle. _

Such are Phlegm, and Earth; fome fay alfo, Salt, and, in effect, all but Sulphur, or Fire, which they will have the only principle of Action and Motion in the Univerfe. See Earth, SuLfHUR, Fire, &C.

Pasfive Prayer, in the Language of the Myftick Divines, is a total Sufpenfion or Ligature of 'the intellectual Faculties, in virtue whereof the Soul remains, of it felf and its own Power, impotent as to the producing of any Effects. The Pasfive State, fays, Fenelon, is only Pasfive in the fame Senfe as Contemplation is fo, i. e. It does not exclude peace- able, difintctcfted Acts, but only unquiet ones, or fuch as tend' to our own Intereft. In the Pasfive State, the Soul has not properly any Activity, any Situation of its own : 'Tis a mere infinite flexibility of the Soul, which the feebleft mi- pnlfe of Grace gives Motion to. Id. _

Passive in Grammar, is a fecond Voice, or Inflexion ot Verbs; which of Active become Pasfive, by affirming, in the modern Languages, new auxiliary Verbs ; in the Ancient, by new Terminations. See Vers, Voice, &c.

The EngtiJ!) Verbs become Pasfive, by taking the auxiliary Verb / am, in lieu of I have, wheiewith the Active are con- jugated : The French by Jefiuis, in lieu of jf'ay ; the Jta- lia'n, by Jo fi, for -Jo ho, i$C.

The latin Verbs become Paffive, by changing their Ter- minations; as jhm for Jmo, (fc. Amari for Aware, &.

The Englijb Verbs Pasfive are nothing elfe, in effect, but the Verb ''lam, in all its Inflections join'd to the Participle 'Pafive ; as, I am j-rais'd; in Latin laiidor, in French Je finis loiiti I have been prais'd, J'ay iti hut, laiidatus film, (£c.

Neuter PASSIVE, is 'a Verb that has a Pasfive Con- jugation, but a Neuter Signification. See Neuter.

Of rhefc, there are a very fmall Number^ in Latin, more in French, fewer in Englifin : As, I am enter'd, ingreffus film, je finis entn, &C. Eur Grammarians are frequently Mif- taken here ; taking Verbs for Neuters Pasfives, which in ef- fect are Actives, and only differ in that they aft on them- felves, by adding the Pronoun Perfonal ; and which on that footing fhou'd rather be Neuters-Active, than Neuters-5>a/- five.

Some admit of no genuine Pasfive Verbs in the modern Tongues ; fuch we mean as anfwer to the Notion of Pasfives in the Ancient, where al! is done by different Terminations. On which footing, there ihou'd be none buf Actives Paffive and Neuters 'Paffive.

PASSOVER, a folemn Feaft, celebrated among the Jews, on the fourteenth Day of the Moon next after the vernal Equinox. See Feast.

This Feaft was call'd by the Ancient Latins and Greeks P'afiha; not from W»**I fuffer, as J.atlantnis weakly ima- gines; but from the Hebrew nDS Pefahh, Paffage, Leap; theDefign of the Feaft being to commemorate the deftroying Angels pasfing CTWthe Houfes of the Jfiraelites, when he en- ter'd in, and deftroy'd the firft born in thofe of the Egyptians.

Yet, many weakly imagine that it was in Memory of their pasfing the Red Sea, that this Paffiover was instituted ; tho' 'tis certain the Feaft was held, and had its Name before the

Ifiraliies took a Step of their Way out of Egypt ; and confe- quently feveral Days before their patting the Red Sea.

Betide the Pafifiover celebrated on the fourteenth of the firft Month ; there was a fecond Pafifiover held on the fourteenth of the fecond Month after the Equinox, inftituted by God in favour of Travellers and Sick Perfons who cou'd not attend at the firft ; nor be at Jerufialem on the Day.

The Greeks, and even fome of the Catholic Doctors, from, the XVIII Chapter of St. John, take occafion to conclude that Jefius anticipated the Day mark'd for the Pafifiover in the Law ; but the Authority of three Evangelifts feems to evince the contrary.

F. Lamy, is of Opinion, he did not attend at the Pafifiover the laft I ear of his Life ; which Sentiment has drawn upon him Abundance of Oppofers.

F. Hardouin maintains, that the Galileans celebrated the Pafifiover on one Day, and thejews on another. See Samari- tan.

PAST-BOARD, a kind of thick Paper, form'd of feveral Sheets patted together. See Paper.

There is alfo a coarfe kind of Pafi-bcard t made of old Pa- per and old Pafi-bcard, beaten in a Mortar with Water and reduced into a kind of Pulp ; to which is added a little Pafte, to give the Mafs a Confidence ; after which it is form'd in a Mould ; and to finifh it, laid in a Prefs, to fquceze out all the Water, and reduce it to its proper Thicknefs.

Each Kind is diftinguinYd by N umero's, which exprefs its Finenefsand Value: Thefincitis cover'd on both Sides with a very white fmooth Paper, others only on one Side ; and others on both Sides with common Paper.

The chief Ufe of Pafi-board is in the Binding of Books, Letter-Cafes, Hat-Cafes, Gloves, Z$c. See Book-Binding.

PASTE, in Cookery, a foft Compofition of Flower, wrought up with proper Fluids, as Water, Milk, or the like, to ferve as a Cafe or Coffin, therein to bake Meats, Fruits, EjJc.

Pafie, is the Bafis, or Foundation of Pyes, Tarts, Patties, Pafties, and other Works of Paftry. See Pastry, £$c.

Paste, isalfous'd in Confectionry, &c. for a Preparation of fome Fruit, made by beating the Pulp thereof, with fome Fluid or other admixture, into a foft pappy Confiftence, fpreading it into a Difh, and drying it with Sugar, till it be- come as plyable as an ordinary Pafte. See Confect.

It is us'd occasionally for making the Crufts, and Bottoms of Pyes, (gc.

Thus they make Almond Paftes, Apple P.iftes, Apricock Pafies, Cherry, Curran, Lemon, Plum, Peach, Pear Pafies.

Paste, is alfo us'd for a Preparation of Wheaten Flower, boil'd up, and incorporated with" Water; us'd by various Ar- tificers, as Upholfterers, Sadlers, Bookbinders, &c. inftead of Glue or Size, to faften or cement their Cloths, Leathers, Pa- pers, &c.

PASTERN of a Horfe, the Diftance between the Joint next the Foot, and the Coronet of the Hoof.

This Part fhould be fhort, efpecially in middle fiz'd. Horfes ; becaufe long Pafierns are weak, and cannot fo well endure Travel.

The Pafieril-Jo'mt, after travelling, is apt to be crowned, a Circle ~ an Inch broad.
 * '. e. to have a Swelling round it beneath the Skin, in form of

PASTIL, among Painters, £?-. a Sort of Pafte, made of feveral Colours, ground up with Gum-Water, either tcgether or feparately ; in order to make Crayons to paint with on Pa- per or Parchment. See Crayon.

Pastil, is alfo us'd for a dry Compofition, yielcing a fragrant Smell when burnt in a perfuming Pan, to cleat and fcent the Air of a Chamber.

It is compofed of odorous Refins, mixt with Aromatic Woods, or Drugs pulveriz'd, and incorporated with Muciia« es of Gum Tragacanth.

Some call 'em OJfielets of Cyprus.

There are alfo Pafiils for the Mouth, eaten to procure a fweat Breath.

Thefe have feveral Names, and confift of feveral Prepara- tions, as Mufcadines, Conferves, £5?c.

Pastil, is fometimes alfo us'd for the Plant otherviife call'd WoadorGlafs-wort. See Woad.

Pastil in Confectionry, is a Preparation of Sugar with. Lemon-Water, ££c, boil'd up with Gum-Water, ftrain'd, teat up, and by the Addition of more dry Sugar, work'd inta a plyable Pafte, and thus form'd into round or oblong Figuies, and dry'd in the Stove.

PASTlNATION,a Term fometimes us'd in Agriculttre, for the Act of opening, loofening, and preparing the Eath. for planting. See Earth and Planting.

PASTORAL, fomething that relates to Shepherds, Ptfi- tcres. The Poets reprefent the fiafioral Life, and pafio-al Manners in the moil agreeable Light. We muft not imagne 'em fo agreeable in Nature as in their Defcriptions.

Pastoral, in Poetty, a poetical Piece, the Subeft whereof is fomething in the Paftoral, at leaft the rural Iife> and the Perfons Shepherds, at leaft Rufticks. See Poek. 3 jHofi