Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/361

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. An ejfcmkl <PaYt is that, whereby, with the Concurrence of fome other, an eflential Whole is coniUtuted. Thus Body and Soul are effenrial Tarts of Man.

An integrant or integral 'Part is that which is neceflary to the Integrity of the Whole 5 as a Head is of a Man, $$C.

In Anatomy, we divide the Parts of the human Body into Containing and Contained 5 into Similar and Diffmilar ; the ■Similar, again, into Spermatic and Sanguin, &c. See Simi- lar, Sffc.

Iheyalfo csM Noble or Ejjential parts, thofe abfolutely neceffary to Life, as the Heart, Lungs, Liver, Brain, &c.

The Natural or Genital parts, popularly call'd Privy Parts, are thofe miniflring to Generation. See Generation.

The fined: Books ofPhyficians are thofe treating of the Vfe if the Parts. Nature, we fay, always difcharges itfelf on the weakpart, the difcafed part, the Parta£e£iea, &c

In Chymiilry, Bodies are faid to be refolved into their mi- miie Parts, their Component Parts, ike. See Chymisrty, Analysis, Element, ($c.

That Art is faid to feparate the Homogeneous Parts from the Heterogeneous ; Volatile, fubtilc,fulphureous, mercurial SS?C Pans, from the fix'd, crafs, earthy, vifcid &C Parts, See Volatile, fix'd.

In Geometry and Aflronomy, part is applied to the Divisions of Lines, and Circles: The Semi-diameter of the Circle, call'd alfo the Radius and whole Sine is divided into an hundred thoufand Parts? the Circumference of the Circle into 3C0 Parts, or 'Degrees; on which two Divifions all the Celeiiial Computations are made. See Degree, &c.

y^^«« Part, is a Quantity which, being repeated any Number of Times, becomes equal to an Integer; thus 6 is an aliquot Part of 24 ; and 5 an aliquot Part of 30, £#c See Aliquot. See alio a Table of Aliquot and Aliquant parts, under the Article Multiplication.

Aliquant Part, is a Quantity which, being repeated any Number of Times becomes always either greater or lefs, than the Whole. Thus 5 is an aliquant Part of 17 ; and p an ali- quant Part of io, &c. See Aliquant.

The aliquant Part is refolvable into aliquot Parts. Thus 1 j, an aliquant Part of 20, is refolvable into 1 o a half and 5 a fourth Part of the fame. See a Table ot the aliquant Parts of a Pound under Multiplication.

Proportional 'Part is a Part or Number agreeable and analogous to fome other Part or Number ; or a Medium to find out fome Number or Part unknown by Proportion and Equality of Reafon. See Proportion.

Similar Parts are thofe which are to one another, as their Wholes are to one another.. See Similitude.

Part, in Mufic, a Piece of the Score or Partition, wrote by itfelf, for the Convenience of the Muiician ; or it is one or more of the Succeffions of Sounds which make the Har- mony, wrote a-part. See Partition.

Or, the Parts are the Sounds made by feveral Perfons find- ing, or playing in Concert. See Concert.

Mufic in Parts was unknown to the Antients ; they had

but one Part ; all their Harmony confifted in the Succeffion of

Notes; none in the Confonance. See Music and Symphony.

There are four principal Parts; the Treble, Safs, Tenor,

and Counter-tenor. See Treble, Bass, Tenor, $0c.

Some compare the four Parts in Mufic, to the four Ele- ments : The Safs reprefents the Earth ; the Tenor, Water; Counter tenor, Air ; and the Treble, Fire.

Part, in Trigonometry. In a rectangular fpherical Tri- angle ABC. Tab. Trigonometry Fig. 22. that part lying be- tween two others, considered as Extremes, is call'd by fome Authors, the middle part.

Thus, if A B and B C be the extreme Parts, the Angle B will be the middle Part.

If the Parts, considered as Extremes, be contiguous to the middle Part and one of the Extremes ; thofe are call'd con- jtmtl Parts.

Thus, if B be the middle Part, AB and BC will be the ton'pnB Parts.

If between the Extremes, and the middle Part, there lie another, befide a Right Angle; then the Parts are faid to be feparate or a-part, E. gr. If~B be the middle Term, A C and 'C will be feparate Parts ; becaufe, between the middle Part B and the extreme C, there lies the Hypothenufe B C ; and between the middle Part B, and the other Extreme A C, be- fide the Right Angle, there lies the Leg A B. See Tri- angle.

Thofe Parts, either loin'd to the middle Part or feparated from it, are call'd Lateral, parts.

Parts of Speech, in Grammar, are all the Sorts of Words which enter the Compofition of a Difcourfe. See Word and Speech.

The Grammarians ufually admit of eight Parts of Speech, viz.. Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participle, Adverb, Con\unBion, Noun, Pronoun, £#"._
 * Prepofition and Interjeclion. See each in its proper Place,

Part of Fortune, in judiciary Aflrology, is the Lunar Ho- rofcopej or the Point wherein the Moon is, at theTimewhen

3

P 4R

the Sun is in the afcending Point of the Eaft.

The Sun in the Afcendaht is lirppofed to give Life ■ and the Moon difpofes the radical Moifture, and is one of the Caufes of Fortune. In Horofcopes, the 'Par: of Fortune is t e prefented by a Circle divided by a Crofs.

PARTERRE, in Gardening, that open Part of a Garden into which we enter, coming out of the Houfe; ufually f et with Flowers, or divided into Beds, incompaffed with Plat- bands, &c. See Garden.

The 'Parterre is a level Divifion of Ground, which, for the moll Part, faces the South and bell Front of a Houfe, and is generally furnilhed with Greens, Flowers, g?c.

There are divers Kinds of Parterres, as Bowling-Green or fain Parterres; Parterres of Embroidery h cut in Shell, and Scroll-work, &c. with Sand-Allies between them.

An oblong, of long Square is accounted the moft proper Figure for a parterre ; the Sides whereof, to be as two, or two and a halt to one.

PARTI, PARTIE or PARTY or PARTED in Heraldry, is applied to a Shield, or Efcutchcon, denoting it divided, or marked out into Partitions. See Shield.

The irear/j Heralds, from whom we borrow the Word, have but one Kind ot parti, the fame with our Parti per 'pale which they call limply Parti ; but, with us, the Word is apl plied to all the Sorts of Partitioning ; and is never ufed with- out fome Addition to fpecify the particular one intended.

Thus we have Parti or Parted per Crop, fer Chief, per Pale, per Fefs, per Send Dexter, fer Send Shifter, per Chevron, &c. See Quartering.

The Humour ot our Anceitors, Colombiere obferves, turning much upon Exploits of Arms and Chivalry ; they ufed to pre- ferve their batter'd and hack'd Armour as honourable Symbols of their hardy Deeds ; and thofe who, had been in the hotteft Service, were diftinguifh'd by the many Cuts and Eruifes that appear'd on their Shields. To perpetuate the Memory hereof, fays the fame Author, they canfed them to be painted on their Shields, and thus handed down to Pofterity. And when He- raldry grew into an Att, and Officers were appointed to direft the Manner of Bearing, and Blazoning ; they gave Names to thofe Cuts, anfwerable to the Nature thereof; appointing four, trom which all the others proceed : Thefe are Parti (in En- glifi, Parti per Pale) Coufpe (in Englifi, Parti per Feffe) Tranche (in Englifi, party per Send Dexter) and Tajik (in Englifi Party per Send Swifter). See Coupe, Tranche &c.

Party fef Pale, is when the Shield has received a perpen- dicular Cut in the Middle, from Top to Bottom. See P ale I g?a '

Vkv.it per Feffe is when the Cut is a-crofsthe Middle, from Side to Side. See Fesse.

San per bend Dexter, is when the Cut falls oh the upper Corner of the Shield on the right Hand, and defcends a-thwart to the oppolite lower Corner. See Bend.

Party per bend Sinifter, is when the Cut, falling on the up- per left Corner, defcends a-crofs to the oppofite lower one.

From thefe four Partitions have proceeded an infinite Num- ber of others of various and extravagant Forms.

Speiman in his Afpilogia obferves, that the prefent Divisions of Efcutcheons were unknown in the Reign of the Emperor Theodofms ; were brought up in the Time of Charlemaign, or later; little ufed among the Englifi in the Days of K.Henry 11. but more frequently under Ekv. III.

The erect or upright Section, he obferves, is called, in Latin, Palaris, fromitsRefemblanceto a Pains, or Stake; and two Coats are often entire on the Sides, the Husbands on theRight, and the Wives on the Left. The direct Seflion a-crofs, being in the Place of a Belt, is call'd Saltica, &c.

When the Shield is parti, and Coupe, it is faid to be Ecar- tele. See Ecartele.

It is faid to be Parti from the one to the other, when the whola Shield is charg'd with feme honourable/Bearing divided by the fame Line that parts the Shield ; here, 'tis a Rule, that one Side be of Metal, and the other of Colour. Thus he beats Sails Parti d' Argent, Spread Eagle Pant Trom one to the other.

PARTICIPATION, that which gives us a Part, or Shars in any thing, either of Right or of Grace.

In Italy they diltinguifh Participation Officers, as Protho- nataries, efc which have a real Function ; from honorary ones j which have only a Title, without any Duty or Employ.

PARTICIPLE, in Grammar, an Adjective form'd of a Verb; fo called, becaufe it participates of fome of the Pro- perties of the Verb ; Mill retaining the Regimen and Significa- tion thereof: Whence moft Authors confound 'em with Verbs. See Verb.

There are two Kinds of Participles, the one call'd JBvat, becaufe expreffing the Subjefl which makes the Action of the Verb; as legem, audiens, reading, hearing: The other call'd Paffive, becaufe expreffing the Subject that receives the Acf ion of the Verb, as leSmn, auditum, read, heard.

As our Adjectives are not declined, the Participles, being

real Adjectives, are not declined neither: In the Latin, lie.

where the Adjeilives are declined, the Pronouns Active are

• declined