Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/360

 PAR

35$ )

in turning a ferious Work into Burlefque, by affefting to ob- serve, as nearly aspoffible, the fame Rhimes, Words, and Ca- dences. See Burlesque.

The <Parodty wasfirfi fet on foot by the Greeks 5 from whom we borrow the Name. It comes near to what fome of our late Writers call Iravejty. See Travesty.

PARODICAL Z)egrees,inan Equation^ the fcveral regular Terms in a Quadratic, Cubic,or Biquadratic Equation, &c.The Indices of whofe Powers afcend or defcend orderly in an arith- metical Progreflion. SeeEquATiONi

Thus, Z,4- i Zi i MH-Z?'~Sis a Cubic Equation where no Term is wanting, but having all its <Parodic Degrees ; the Indices of the Terms regularly defcending thus 3, z, 1, o. Harris.

PAROL, in Law, is fometimes ufed in antient Writers for a y/M in Court. See Plea.

X^-Parol, or per TarG^ is a Leafe by Word of Mouth ; thuscall'd to difiinguifh it from one in Writing. See Lease.

PAROLE, in War, ££fc. when aPrifoner ot War is allow'd to go into his &m Country, or to his own Party, upon his Word and Promife to return at a Time appointed, if not exchang'd, he is faid to be out upon Parole, i. e. upon his Word.

PAROLI, in Gaming, the double of what was laid at Stake before 5 hence, to ojfet -the • < Paroli i Sec.

PAROEMIA, a Proverb. See Proverb.

The Word is form/d from the Greek oi L uo$ Way 5 qziafi <&$£ ti/xhjj juxta viam y i. e. tritarn ; or from o/j&m* Word.

PARONOMASIA, in Rhetoric, a Figure whereby Words nearly alike in Sound, but of very different Senfesare affected- ly ufed.

As, not Friends but Fiends were here : So TuUy to Anthony \ ami in Gremio Mimarum mentcm & mentum deponeres : And to Aniens, Confitl ipfe parvo Ammo & pravo, facie magisquam facetiis ridictilus. And that of C P. Cbryfologus$Monacborum Cel- fallepjam inn Eremeficajjcv?' Aromatica:. And in another Place, Hoc agC-nt in Cellis quod Angeli in Ccelis.

Among the Greeks the Paronomafia was very familiar. Thus Herodotus vaQiifML-m, wx.5»(MtTa y qii<g nocent y docent.

And thus that Infcription of Apolloaorus a celebrated Painter, on one of his Pieces.

'•Twill be eafier to deride^ than to imitate* The Word is form'd from the Greek ^^. near, and ivo^a

PAR

r ,? AR ^?^ G ; " F ^ ncin g. the Virion of defending a Man's Se< ['fencik"'" 8 Str ° keS ' m ° ffer ' d him b l anther.

Good Fencers pufn and parry at th Guard

e fame Time. See

The »«ri parry with the Poniard. The Antients par- ned with their Bucklers. See Parade

PARSON.the Incumbent ofaParim Church. SeePARisH.

He is faid, by fome, to be thus called by Way of Eminence ; the Revenues ot a Church being deflined to maintain ma.gnam 2>erfmam; or; as fome will have it, becaufe he is bound by Virtue of his Otice,tn propria Perfina firvire 2)eo whence iim ferfinare, in old Charters, is to put in Poffeffion of a Parfonage

Or as others, becaufe the original Parfins, Perfina were in reality, only Dignitaries, and poffefs'd Benefices which save them fome Perfinal Pre-eminence in the Church or Chapter- but no Power. See Parsonage.

Or, laftly, as others, becaufe the Parfon, for his Time, re- prefents his Church, and fuflaineth the Perfon thereof as well in fuing, as being fued in any Action touching the fame.

Some diftinguifh between a Retlor ancfa Parfon: The ReHor, fay they, is where the Vicaridgc is endow'd ; and the Parfon, Perfina, where the Parfonage iswithout a Vicaridoe; But the Diftinflion feems newand fubtle ; SraSlon apparently ufes Reflorand Parfon, as fynonymous. See Rector.

Formerly he who had a Church'by Inftitution andlnduflion, only for his own Life, was call'd parfon Mortal: But any Col- legiate, or Conventual Body, to whom the Church was for ever appropriated, was call'd Parfon Immortal.

Some again make a Diftinflion between Perfina, Parfon- fimply.and Parfon, Imfarfinee, impcrfonated : The Parfon Im- perfonee is the Reflor in Poffeffion of a ParifhChurch, whether Prefentati ve or Impropriate, and with whom the Church is full •Parfon Perfina, Amply, they contend, is properly the Patron' or he that has the Right of Prefentation; call'd 'Parfon by reafon, before the Lateran Council, he had a Right to' the! Tithes, in refpefl of his Liberality, in erefling or°endowina the Church, quafi fuftineret Perfonam Ecclefit.

But 'tis certain, that in the Regifier of Writs, Perfina im perfoliate is ufed for the Reflor of a Benefice Prefentative - And in (Dyer, a Dean and Chapter are faid to be Parfins ini- perfonee's of a Benefice appropriated to them. So that Perfo-

Name, q. d. proximity or Refemblance of two Names. - „t f,± tmnn w_t ! ,„ B tiVi f ,,V^,^«.^,*T; /•~"o'"?',' r " J T

PARONYCHIA, Whitlee, in Medicine,^ a painful Kind K5£S2S *)Z%ffi2£'5Efc?* *?**

of Tumor, or Inflammation, arifing on the Ends of the Fin gers, and the Roots of the Nails 5 otherwife called Panaris. See Panaris.

The Humour or Matter of the Paronychia is fometimes fo Iharp as to corrode the Tendons, Nerves, Perwjleum, and even the Bone itfelf.

See Coke on Litt. fol. 300.

PARSONAGE, in its Original, among us, and at this Day, in other Countries, is a Benefice which gives fome Pre- rogative or Pre-eminence in a Church or Chapter, but without
 * .ny Jurifdiction. See Benefice.

The ancient Parfinages gave alittle Honourand Dignity as to

cntnetfonemelt _ the Perfon, but no Power : Whence, apparently rfc Name

It_is lodged either between the Integuments or between the intim ating the Effefl of the Dignity Kbe reitminM eTriS

^Periofieum and Bone. The deeper the more dangerous.

The Word is derived from the Greek vaej, and ovC^ Unguis, Kail.

PAROTIDES, in Anatomy, two big Glands, (ituate be- hind the two Ears 5 and filling all the Space between the pofterior Angle of the under Jaw, and the maftoidal Mpophy- fis. See Gland and Ear.

They are of the Conglomerate Kind, and by divers exctetory Dufls, which, at lad, coalefce into one Trunk, difcharge a Humour feparated in 'tm from the arterious Blood, called Sa- liva, into the Mouth, by two Vcffels formed of feveral Branches uniting at the Iffue of thefe Glands, and which run along the Cheek to the third Grinder. See Saliva & Salival.

The Word is form'd from rhe Greek ira.ry. near, and £V Ear.

Parotides, in Medicine, Tumors or Inflammations ari- fing behind the Ears, on the Parotid Glands.

'Parotides are very frequent after malignant and peftilential Fevers : Children are particularly liable to 'em. They are to be treated like Bubo's. See Bubo.

PAROXYSM, in Medicine, the fevere Fit of a Difeafe which grows higher, or exafperates as the Gout, i$c.

It is fometimes alfo ufed for the Accefs or Return of a Dif- eafe that intermits, as an Ague. See Access.

TheWord is form'd from the Greek wa.ey. much, and o£i/'{ acute.

PARRICIDE, in Striflnefs, is the Murther, or the Mur- fhercr of a Father ; as Matricide is of a Mother.

The Word Parricide is alfo ordinarily exrended to both. See

MuRTHER.

The.Rw»«2i,for a long Time,had no Law againfl Parricides ; from an Opinion,nobodycould be fo wicked as to kill his Parents. Z. Oftius was the firft, who killed his Father, 500 Years after Mima's Death; and them the Pomfeian Law wasmade, which ordain'd, that the Perfon, convicted of this Crime, after he had been firft whipp'd till the Blood came, Ihould be ried up in a leathern Sack, together with a Dog, an Ape, a Cock, and a Viper, and fo thrown into the Sea, or the next River.

Parricide is alfo ufed in rhe General for the Murther of any near Relation, as a Husband, Wife, Brother, Siller, Child, Grandchild, tSc. and even to that of great facred Perfons, tho' no Way allied in Blood, as a King, g?f. See t&i-ason.

gnity to be reftrain'd to the Perfon, Perfina, Parfon. Such are flill the Chanteries in fe- veral Churches, and the Sub-Chanteries in others. '

Some as Olrade, S?c. extend the Word parfonage to 'Dignity and comprehend under it the Archdeacons, Deans, &c. in Ca- thedrals; but this feems {training theSenfe of the Word.

In effect, rhe Doftors ufe the Term very differently :Some applying it to all who have any Prerogative in the Choir, or the Chapter, over theother Canons,either in Options, Suffrages Eleflions, or barely in Place and Proceffion; thus confounding it with Dignity ; while others apply it to fimple Reflors, (gc. See Dignity.

PART, a Portion of fome Whole, confidered as divided or as divifible. See Whole and Division.

Quantity is divifible into an infinite Number of Parts: Not equal Parts, but proportional ones. See Divisibility.

Philofophy is divicfed into foury«m,w'«.Logicks,Ethicks Phyficks and Metaphyficks. See Philosophy, (gc.

The Schoolmen ufually diftinguilh Parts into Logical and Phyfical. _

A LcgicalPart, is that referring to fome univerfal as its Whole ; in which Senfc the Specie's are the Parts of a Gems ■ and Individuals, or Singulars, 'Parts of the Species. See Genus,' ££?£.

A Phyfical Part is that, which.tho' it enter the Compofition of a Whole, may yet be confider'd a-part, and under its own diftinct Idea : And, in this Scnfe, a Continuum is faid to confift of Parts.

'Tis controverted in the Schools, whgffier the Parrs of a Con- tinuum or Phyfical Whole, E. gr. Water, do exitl acfually before the Divifion be made, or only potentially.

Phyfical Parts, again t are of two Kinds ; Homogeneous, and Heterogeneous; the firft are thofe of the fame Denomination with fome other ; the fecond of a different one. See Homo- geneous, &c.

PartSi again, are diftinguilh'd into Subjetfive, EJJential, and Integrant.

A Subjeilhe of Potential Pari, is the fame with a Logical one, viz. that contain'd in fome univerfal Whole, nor in A£f i but only in Power ; as Man and Horfe are in Animal 5 Peter and Paul in Man,

An