Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/36

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whereof his Hiftory is compofed, from Infcrtftions, which he found in Temples and on Columns, both among the Heathens and the Hebrews. It appears indeed that the Antients ingraved upon Pillars the Principles of Sciences, as well as the Hiftory of the World. Thofe mentioned by Herodotus /hew, that this was the firft way of in- itrucling People, and tranfmitting Hiftories and Scien- ces to Pofterity. This is confirmed by Flato, in his Hy- farebus, wherein he fays, that Fijiftratus engraved, on Stone-Pillars, Precepts ufeful for Husbandmen. Pliny af- fures us, that the firft publick Monuments were made with Plates of Lead 5 and the Treaties of Confederacy, made between the Romans and the Jezvs, were written up- on Plates of Brafs; that, fays he, the Jews might have fome thing to put them in mind of the Peace and Confe- deracy concluded with the Romans. The Greeks and Ro~ mans were great Dealers rahtfcrjptions t and were extreme- ly fond of being mentioned in them ; and hence it is that we find fomany, in thofe Countries of antient Learning, as that large "Volumes have been compofed of them; as the Collection of Gruteru^ ckc. Since Gruter's Collec- tion, Th. Rebiejhs has published another huge "Volume of Jnfcripthns. M. Fahreni publi/hed another Volume at Rome in 1699, wherein he has corrected abundance of Er- rors that hadefcaped Gruter, Reinejttts, and other Antiqua ries, 2>c. and added a great Number of Infcripttous omitted by them. Since all thefe, Grtvittt has published a com- pleat Collection of Infcrtptions 9 in three Volumes in Folio.

In France is an Academy of Infcr'tjrtfons and Medals, confilling of ten honorary and ten penfionary Members, ten Aflbciates, and as many Novices, who are to meet twice a Week, and to employ themfelves in the Exami- nation of Medals and antient Monuments, and other Parts of Greek and Roman Literature, and to compofe a Hiftory of the Kings of France, from Medals. Such was the Aca- demy at the time of its Institution, or rather Reftauration, jn the beginning of this Century 5 but as they are not now wholly employed about Medals and Infcriptions, they have changed their Name for one of a greater Latitude, and are called the Academy des Belies Lettres.

INSCRUTABLE, in Theology, is ufually understood of the Secrets of Providence, and the Judgments of God, which cannot be found out, or into which Human Reafon cannot penetrate.

INSECTS, a kind of little Animals fo called by the Antienrs, becaufe in fome of 'em the Body feems to be cut ; as in Ants, whofe Belly feems divided into two : or perhaps, becaufe the Bodies of InfeBs are compofed of ieveral Circles or Rings, as Worms, Caterpillars, t$c. which are a kind of Incifions, whence the Name might probably arife. Mr. Ray, in his Methodus InfeBorum, thus diftinguifheth the fcveral kinds of InfeBs. InfeBs are ei- ther, 1. 'Afi.iJety.o^iTa, or fuch as do not change their Form : Or, 1. W,i]ctuo$<p£uiva, fuch as do really change their Form. Thofe that do not change their Form, ara either, (1.) "Attt,/^, without Feet 5 or, (2.) Fedaca, with Feet : and of thefe there are fome kinds that cart their Skins, and others that do not. InfeBs without Feet are ei- ther Terrcilrial or Land- Infects, or Aquatic. Terreflrial InfeBs are, tfl t either fuch as are produced on the Land, or in the Earth, and not in Water '-, as the LumbriciTerreftres, which are either of the larger fort, and are call'd Dew- Worms j or of a fmallcr fize ; And of thefe, there are fome Red, and others Green with yellow Tails s which laft arc commonly call'd Gilt-Tails. Or, idly, fuch as are found in the Bowels of Animals : And of thefe fome are found in the Intcilines of Men ; as, (1.) The I.umbrici'Fcrctes j (2.) Lumbrici Lati, which are alfo call'd 1<£ni<£ h (?■) Cucurb-uni, which fome will have to be only the Fragments of the Tani*. (4.) The Afcarides, which are chiefly found in the ReBum. Thofe Worms which are found in the Inteftines of Beafls are of two forts, the Ob- long, and FeMucidi, of the thicknefs of an Horfe-hair, and therefore call'd Vermiculi Setiformes : And the Brez-es and Crajfiores, which often are found in Horfes, and are call'd the Botts. To this Genus of Terreflrial InfeBs, many natu- ral Hiitoriar.s refer Snails, whether with or without Shells.

Water InfeBs without Feet, not changing Form, are either, ifl, of the greater fort, which have a peculiar way of moving, by firft fixing their Head to the ground, and then drawing up their Tail towards it, ££c. Of thefe, fome are Terere;, round andfmooth,of which there are three forts ; as the Medicinal Birudines or Leaches, the common black Horfe- Leaches, and the afh-colour'd Sea-Leaches : But there is-alfo a fort of this kind, which isfmaller and flatter, which are found fticking to Stones in the bottom of little Brooks. Or, idly, of the Leffer fort, which have a different way of crawling or moving from the former. Thefe are alfo either round or flat : Of the round fort, there is one that is black with two fmall Horns on its Head, and is found flicking to wet Stones in the watry Tops of Hills ; and another which is red, of about a finger's length,with a For-

ceps at the Tail, found at the bottom of Fifhponds, and ftagnant Waters. The flat fort are very fmall and thin, and are call'd Flukes, being fometimes found in Waters, and fometimes in the Branches of the Fonts Bilarms in Sheep.

InjeBsrxot changing Form, and having Feet, are either,

1. Hexapoda, with 6 Feet. 2. OBapoda, with 8 Feet. 5. Veca- teffarapoda, with 14 Feet. 4. Folyfoda, with many Feet. 1 hofethat have but fix Feet, arc either, (1.) Terreftrial, and thefe are, firft, of a larger kind 5 as, [1.] The yellow- ifh InfeB, found in rotten decaying Oaks. [2.] The black one, on the Ground, called by Moujfet, vermivorotis. [3/] The black one, living under Ground, with a Forceps at the Tail. [4.3 A white fort, with fquare black Spots on its Back. [5.] The Farinarinm, bred in Meal, of a whitifh Colour. Or, fecondly, a Smaller Sort ; fome of which are found about the Bodies of Animals : as, (1.) The Cimex, Bug or Wall-Loufe, of aftinking Smell. (2.) Ricinus, the Tick. (3.) Fediculus, the common Loufe. (3.) Fediculus ferns feu in- pimalis, the Crab-Loufe. (5.) Fulex, the Flea 5 .of all which there are various kinds. Others are not trouble- fome to Animals, as, r. One that in Bigncfs and Figure refembles a Loufe, but is very nimble and fwifr, and is found in Books and rotten Wood. 2. Another there is with a very long Body, and a forcipital Tail. 3. The black InfeB, found often in the Flowers of the Chelido?tlum. 4. A ftibterraneous Sort, a little whitim. 5. One that skips like a Grafhopper, but is much lefs.

(II.) Aquatic j as, [t.] The Fediculus Marimis Grandif, which adheres to Fi/hes. [z.j The Squilla Flu-biatilis, with a Pyramidal Tail, and two Hairs or Briftles at the end. InfeBs not changing Form, and having eight Feet, are either with a Tail, as the Scorpion, or without, as the Spider; of which fome fpin no Web, have but two Eyes, and very long Legs, as the Oplio or the Shepherd. Some do fpin a Web, and of thefe they count three forts: i.The Aranea Colceftrenfis Abdomine tumido, fubrotundo^ £5? elato.

2. The Spider with the Thorax, or middle part of his Body, as big as the Abdomen. 3. The Spider with the long Abdomen, found among Reeds, Rufhes, Grafs, &c. (2.) The Ricini OBopedes, which are fome more flat and comprefs'd ; as the rambling Ticks that run over the Bo- dies of Animals, but don't fatten ; and fome more round and thick, which do adhere to the Skin. (3.) The Syrones or Mites.

InfeBs not changing Form, and with fourteen Feet, and therefore call'd Ttcm.^jy^.t'hyJ.TmJ^, are the Afeili 5 of which there are three forts : As, 1. the Sea-AfeUus •■, tiio longed and Iargeft of all ; living amongft the Rocks. 2. Afellus Lividus, which rolls itfelf up into a Ball. The common Wood-Lice, Sows, or Chefs-bugs. 3. Afellns Afi- ninus, with a forked Tail t, not rolling itfelf up. To this Species may be added, (1.) The Afettus Marinus figure bre- vioris, rolling itfelf up. (z.) AfeUus Aquarum duicium, with long Legs and two Briftles on its Tail. (3.) Fulex Aqua- ticus, both in fre/h and fait Water. (4.) Fediculus Aqua- ticus, which fallens upon Filh.

InfeBs not changing Form, with twenty-four Feet. Thefe have the eight Fore- Feet lefler, and the fixteen hinder- ones larger. There are two kinds of them obferved j both with long Bodies, one larger and of an obfeure Co- lour, among the Rocks by the Sea-fide ; the other of a Silver Colour, found in Houfes. There is a Kind with thirty Feet, of an oblong Shape, Chefnut Colour, and full flattim Body, ufually lying under Logs, and Trunks of Trees. It is very agile and fwift.

InjeBfy jiot changing Form, with many Feet, called, >noku7ri<fix,, are fome on Land, and either roundifh in Body, with all their Legs rifing out of the middle of the Belly, (nearly) as the Julus, or more flat and compreffed, with, their Legs, not rifing, as before, from a Point in the mid- dle of their Body, but growing along on the Sides ; as the Scolopendra. And fome of this kind are aquatic, of which Mr. Ray makes three Differences : (1.) TheCorwi/& Lugs, ufed for Baits in catching Fim, with 38 Legs, and a fmooth roundifh Body. (2.) The Scohpendra Marina Corpore piano. (3.) Animalcidum Bicorpor, or rather Bican~ datum, lying in the Clefts of Stones, under the Salt-water.

InfeBs which do really undergo a Change of their Form, are called Ms-rawf^sptf. ; of which Szvammerdam hath gi- ven the belt Account : Tho' he Ihews that 'this word is improperly ufed, fince there is by no means any real Transformation, but only an Explication of the Parts of the Animal, latent before, in miniature, (as it were in the Ovum, or Nympha, like the Plant in the Seed) and an In- creafe of all the Parts by proper Degrees.

The firft Species of Tranfmutation or Change, which Swammerdam makes the fecond, is in ft an taneous, there being no fenfible Reft or Stop between the old and the, new Form. And the InfeBs of this Order do not lofe their Motion at the time they fhift the Fellicula, at leaft not to appearance. And Swammerdam defcribes the fecond Or-

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