Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/359

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be admitted to vote • nor we re any to be ekaed that were tin

de Thanhe r Members might attend in 'Parliament with more Freedom, they, and all their menial Servants, w«epnvil«ri from all Arrells, Attachments Imprifonments,^. tor Debts Trefpaffes, &c. emido, morcmdo ad propria Redetmdo; but not from Arreits for Treafon, Felony, and Breach of Peace.

The Place where the 'Parliament meets, is wherever the Kins pleafes; oflate.it has been in the Palace of It e fm infer i the Lords and Commons each in diftinfl Apartments. In the Lord's Houfe the Princes of the Blood are placed in cliltinct Seats; the great Officers of State, Dukes, Marquifles, and Eifhops on Forms; and the Vifcounts and Barons on others a- crofs the Houfe; all according to their Order of Creation, Place, &c See Precedency.

The Commons fit promifcuoufly; only the Speaker has a Chair at the upper Lnd; and the Clerk and his Affiftant a Table near him. Before any Matters be done, all the Mem- bers of the Houfe of Commons take the Oaths, and InMcnbe their Opinions againft Tranfubftantiation, &c. which Tett, the Lords too, tho' they don't take the Oaths,are obliged to take.

The Houfe of Lords is the fovereign Court of Julhce ot the Realm, and the Dernier Refort : The Houfe of Commons the grand Inqueft, but no Court of Juftice. See Peers and Com-

M °S 'to tie Mannerof debatingand faffingSillsmV^iammt; Any Member may move to have a Bill brought in tor any thing, which, upon a Queftion put, being agreed to by a Majority, that Perion with others are ordered to prepare and bring in the fame. When ready, a Time is appointed for a Reading: after reading it by the Clerk, the Speaker reads the Abftract thereof, and puts the Queftion, whether or no it (hall have a fecond Reading after a fecond Reading, the Queftion is, whe- ther or no it fhall be committed? which is either to a Com- mittee of the whole Houfe, if it be of Importance; or toa pri- vate Committee, any Member naming the Perfons. See Com-

MITTEE. • ., r ,

The Committee appointed, and a Chairman cholen, the Chairman reads the Bill, Paragraph by Paragraph, puts every Claufe to the Queftion, fills up Blanks, and makes Amend- ments, according to the Opinion of the Majority. The Bill thus gone thro',"the Chairman makes his Report at the Side- bar of the Houfe, reads all the Additions and Amendments,^. and moves for Leave to bring up the Report to the Table; which granted, he delivers it to the Clerk, who reads the A- mendments, &c. inn

The Speaker then puts the Queftion, wnether they ihall be read a fecond Time; and, if agreed to, reads them himielr. To fo many as the Houfe acouiefces in, the Queftion is now put, whether the Bill, thus amended, lhall be engrofs'd and writ fair in Parchment, and read a third Time? The Bill engrofs d the Speaker holds it in his Hand; and asks if it (hall pafs? It the Majority be for it, the Clerk writes on it, Son bailie aux Seignein. Or, in the Houfe of Lords, Soit bailie aux Com- munes. ., ,

If a Bill be rejected,it cannot be any more more propoled du- ring that Seffion. See Bill.

Forty Members conftitute a Houfe of Commons, and eight a Committee. A Member of the Commons, to fpeak, (lands up, uncovers, and dircfls his Speech to the Speaker only. Ifwhat he fays be anfwered by another, he is not allowed to reply the fame Day, unlefs perfonally reflefled on. Nor may any Per- fon fpeak' more than once to the fame Bill in the fame Day.

In the Lord's Houfe they vote, beginning at the Puifn or lowed Baron, and fo up orderly to the higheft, every one an- fwering a-part, Content or Not Content. In the Houfe of Com- mons, they vote by Tea's and Nafs; and if it be dubious, which is the greater Number, the Houfe divides. If the Queftion be about bringing any Thing into the Houfe, the Jy's go out; if it be about any the Houfe already has, the No s go out. In all Divifions, the Speaker appoints four Tellers, two of each Opinion. In a Committee of the whole Houfe, they divide by changing Sides, them's taking the right, the .No's the left of the Chair, and then there are but two Tellers.

If a Bill pafs one Houfe, and the other demur at it, a Con- ference is demanded in the Painted Chamber, where certain Members are deputed from each Houfe; and here the Lords fitting cover'd, the Commons (landing bare, the Cafe is de- bated. . If they difagree, the Affair is null; if they agree, this, with the other Bills that have paffed both Houfes, is brought down to the King, in the Houfe of Lords, who comes thither cloath'd in the Royal Robes and with the Crown on, before whom the Clerk of the ^Parliament reads the Title of each Bill and as he reads, the Clerk of the Crown pronounces the Royal Aflent or Diffent.

Ifit be a public Bill, the Royal Affent is given by thefe Words, LeRoylezeut. If a private one, by Soit fait cemme il eft defire. If the King refufes the Bill, the Anfwer is, Le Roy s' av'ifera. If it be a Money Bill, the Anfwer is, Le Ray remer- cie fes I.oyaux Sujets, accepteleur Benevolence g? aujfi leVeut.

The Bill for the King's general Pardon has but one Read- ing. The Number of Members in the Houfe of Lords is un-

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certain; as increasing at the King's Pleafure. The Members of the Houfe of Commons, when full, are 552, viz. 9% Knights of Shires j 52 Deputies for the 25 Cities, London hav- ing 4; 1 6 for the 8 Cinque Ports; 2 for each Univerfity; and, fi- nally, 532 for 180 Boroughs, befide 12 Boroughs for Wales^2x& 45 Members for Scotland.

Parliament is fometimes alfo ufed for other Affemblies befide thofe of the States of the Realm. Thus we read that the Abbot of Creyland was ufed to call parliaments of his Monks, to confiilt of the Affairs of the Monaftery : And, at this Day, an Affembly of the two Temples, called to confult of their common Affairs, is called a Parliament. See Temple.

Pardiaments of 'France \ are Courts or Aflemblies cfla- blifh'd by the King, to judge of the Differences between par- ticular Perfons, and to pronounce on Appeals from Sentences given by inferior Judges. See Court.

There are ten of thefe Parliaments in France. That of P'ho- loufe, eftablifh'd in 1303: That of ZDifon, in 1476: That of Grenoble,\n 1453 : That of Rouen, in 14519 : That of Rennes in Sretagne, in 1553 : That of Sourdeatix, in 1502 : That of J?ix,'m 1501: That of Metz, in ICT33 : That of Pan in Seam, in 1 5 19 : And that of Paris.

The 'Parliament of 'Paris is the Principal, and that whofe Jurifdi&ion is of the greateft Extent This is the chief Court of Juftice throughout the Realm. It confifts of lix Chambers : the grand Chamber, where Caufes of Audience are pleaded 5 and five Chambers of Inquefts, where Proccffes are adjudged in Writing. See Chamber.

Under their fecond Race of Kings, the Parliament, like that of England, was the King's Council; gave Audience to Ambafladors, and confulted of the Affairs of War and Govern- ment,

The Kings, like ours,piefidedin'em, without being, at all, Mafters of their Resolution. But, in after Times, their Autho- rity has been abridg'd, the Kings having referv'd the Deci- sion of the grand Affairs of the Public to their own Councils 5 leaving none but private ones to the Parliaments.

PARLIAMENTUM Indofforum, a Denomination given to a Parliament held at Coventry, 6 Hen. IV. whereunto, by fpecial Precept to the Sheriffs of the feveral Counties, no Perfon flriffd in the Law was to be called.

Parliamentum /?;/^ot, was a Parliament held at Ox- ford, An. 41 Hen. III. thus call'd, fay our Chronicles, be- caufe the Lords came with great Retinues of armed Men to it; and many Things were violently tranfafted therein, againft the King's Prerogative.

Parliamentum 'Diabolicum, was ^Parliamentum held at Coventry, 38 Hen. VI. wherein Edward Earl of March af- terwards King, and feveral others, were attainted. The Acla pafs'd herein were annull'd by the fucceeding parlia?nent.

Parliamentum de la Sonde, was a Parliament in Ed- ward H'ds Time, whereto the Barons came armed againft the ' two Spencers, with. colour'dBands on their Sleeves for Difljnclion.

PARLOIR, PARLOUR, in Nunneries, a little Room, or Clofet, where People talk to the Nuns, thro' a Kind of grated Window.

The Word is formed from the French Parler, to talk; and hence alfo our Parlour*

Antiently, there were alfo Parlours in the Convents of Monks, where the Novices ufed to converfe together, at the Hours of Recreation; but there were liftening Places over, from whence the Superiors cou'd hear what they fa id; fuch a one there ftill fubfiils in the Abbey St. Germain de Prez.

In the Order of Feuillans, the Parlour is a little Room open on all Sides, placed at each End of the Dormitory, where the Monks talk together, it not being allow'd them to fpeak in the Dormitory.

PARMA, among Antiquaries, a Kind of antient Buckler* See Buckler.

Polybhis defcribes the Parma as very flrong, round, three Foot in Diameter, and big enough to cover the whole Body 5 Yet Servius, on the JEneia, and even Virgil himfelf mention it asalight Piece of Armour, inComparifonofthe Clyfieus. See Shield.

PARMESAN. SeePAEuAN.

PAROCHIAL, fomething belonging to a Parip. See Parish.

Every Church is either Cathedra], Collegiate, or Parochial. See Church.

Cathedral is where there is a Bifhop's See, or Seat, call'd Cathedra. Collegiate, confifts either of regular Clerks, pro- fefllng fome religious Order; or of Dean and Chapter. See Cathedral, Collegiate, &c.

parochial Church is that inftituted for the performing of di- vine Service to the People who dwell within a certain Com- pafs of Ground.

PARODY, a popular Maxim, Adage or Proverb. See Pro- verb.

The Word is form'd from the Greek wet™, and hJh<, Via y Way a as being trite, orpafting among the People.

Parody, is alfo apoetical Pleafantry, confifting in applying the Verfes of fome Perfon, by Way of Ridicule, to another; or