Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/358

 PAR

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PAR

•Pargeting is of various Kinds ■ as, i. White Lime and Hair given to the whole Territorv of Mortar laid on bare Walls, z. On bare Laths, as in partitioning Neighbourhood • becXlpri! P n f. "j fr ° m

and plain Cieling. 3. Rendringthe Infides'of WaUsordouble ,0 aflemble openl S e s £f f Ve J hr > ihans ' ™t daring Partition-Walls. 4. Rougli-cafting on Hearth-Laths. J.Plaifter- Neighbour-houfes ' ° f ° fCed '° me " fecretI y in

in g° n TT Br. ic i-rl'. in lmitati0n rf S.one- WO ri ; and the like Parish-?^; the Parfon, or Minifier who hoUs _

1 " a JBenehce. See Parson.

i Hearth-Laths.

up

r/^^VVT ^"V 1 ™' brPARELION, in 'if the predial Ty.hes be appropriated the Parfon I.
 * ^Mf f'^™k™J??A a v^brightLight, ReVor. W .J™, IfX/be ^ia^f hVIs caird

appearing a- fide of the Sun; form'd by the Reflexion of°his

Beams in a Cloud properly pofited. See Meteor PAR ISIS a Mnwi rf J™. . r 1

The Parhelia^] i~y the : CW, or large fl^S^^S fimt'S NriW&SftES

Crowns ; are placed in the fame Circumference, and at the at Tours. See Money and Coin ^Ww*. ftruck

fame Height. Their Colours referable thofe of the Rain-bow ; The Tariffs exceeded the Tour-mi < hv „„ r ' 1. /•.

the Red and Yellow on the SMe towards the Sun, and the' the ZiZ oXZpt^tVlk] % l°™ & Tw

Blue and Violet on the other. See Rainbow. mis 20. Thi '

Tho' there are Connie fometimes feen entire, without any

'Parhelia ; and 'Parhelia without Corona. See Corona.

In the Year 1629. was feen at Raima Parhelionof&ve&mi; and in 1666. another at Arks of fix.

The Word is fbrm'd from the Greek «^s' juxta, near, and iu& Sol, Sun.

M. Mariotte accounts for the Appearance olParhelia, from an Infinity of little Parcels of Ice floating in the Air, which mul- tiply the Image of the Sun, either by refracfing and breaking his Rays, and thus making him appear where he is not ; or by reflecting 'em, and fcrving as Mirrors. See Mirror, Z$c.

The known Laws ot Reflexion and Refracfion have piven a Handle for Gcometrizing on thefe 'Phenomena ; and M.f Ma- riotte has determined the precife Figure of the little Icicles, and their Situation in the Air, the Size of the Connie or Circles which accompany the Parhelia, and the Colours wherewith they are painted, by a Geometrical Calculus.

Mr. Huygens accounts for the Formation of a Parhelion, in the fame Manner, as for thofe of the Halo, viz. by fuppofing a Number of fmall icy Cylinders, with opaque Kirnels, carried in the Air, neither in aperpendicular nor parallel Direction, but in- clined to the Horizon in acertain Angle.nearly half a right one.

To make the Effect of thefe Cylinders manifeft, M. Huy- gens produced to the Academy oi Paris, a glafs Cylinder a Foot long, with an opaque Cylinder of Wood in the Middle and the ambient Space fill'd with Water and tranfparent Ice; which Cylinder being expofed to the Sun, and the Eye put in the re- quifite Situation, there were fucceffively feen all the Refradfi- onsand Reflections, neceffary for the Phenomena of the Par- helia. See Halo.

PAR1ETALIA OJJd, in Anatomy, the third, and fourth Bones of the Cranium ; fo called, becaufc they form the Pa- rietes, or Sides of the Head. See Cranium.

Their Subflance is liner and thinner than that of the Coro- nal and Occipital. Their Figure is fquare ; their Size furpaffes that of the other Bones of the Head ; and their Situation, in the lateral Parts, which they poflefs entirely.

The Sagittal Suture connects them at the upper Part • the Coronal joins their Fore-part to the Os Fronris ; the Lamb doi del joins them by the Hind-Dart to the Occipital 'Bone; and, laftly, the fquammous Suture joins them by the Lower-part to the Off a petrofa.

The outer Surface of thefe Bones is very fmooth and po- lifli'd ; the inner, rough and uneven ; full of Impreflions, which the Arteries of the 'Dura Mater have made by their continual Pulfation before they were oflified.

PARIETES, Sides, in Anatomy, a Term ufed for the In- clofures, or Membranes, that flop up or clofe the hollow Parts ofBodics, efpecially thofe, of the Heart, the 'Thorax, and the rvs. See Heart, Thorax, £Sfc.

The Parietes of the two Ventricles of the Heart are of un- equal Strength and Thicknefs, the left exceeding the right,

becaufe of its Office, which is to force the Blood tliro' all Parts kmentum, q. d. Spee'chment, from the 'Bench Tarler to Tneakj or the Body ; whereas the right only drives it thro' the Lungs, tho' it flill only confided of the great Men of the Nation - Till

^D^iJw ?'^'- n -r- • r ^ vs.™. , ™ the Reign of ife. III. the Commons were

PARISH, the Precimft or Territory of a Parifi Church.

_.we piur- Sots and ZJemers, Panfis, &c. in Proportion. SeeLivRE, Sol, &c. '

PARK, an Inclofure ftock'd with wild Beafls, tarn Slt- vejtres, quara Campefires ; fay our old Lawyers.

Crompton obferves, that a Subjeft may hold a Park byPre- icnption, or the King's Grant, which hecan't do a Foreff See Forest.

A Park differs from a Chafe or Warren ; for that a Park mufl be endofed ; if it lie open, it is a good Caufe of feizinrf it into the King 5 Hand ; as a free Chafe may be, if it be en- cloied. Nor can the Owner have any Action againft fuch it hunt in his Park, if it he open. See Chase.

'Iiu Cange refers the Invention of Parks to Kin? Henri I of England: But Salman fl mv s, 'tis much more antlent ; and was in ule among the Anglo Saxons.

Zoeitms allures us, the antient Kings of Perfia had Parks

The Word is originally Celtic, w-here it figniiies an Inclofure' or Place Ihut up with Walls. '

Park is alfo ufed for a moveable Paliffade fet up in the Fields to inclofe Sheep in to feed, during theNioht

The Shepherds Ihift their y«rt,fromTime to Time, to dun* the Ground, one Part after another. °

Park is alfo ufed for a very large Net, difpofed on the Brink or the Sea, with only one Hole which looks towards the Shore ; and which becomes dry, after the Flood is gone ott ; lo that the Filh has no Way left to efcape.

Par*, in War, or Park of the Artillery, a Poft in a Camp, out ot Cannon Shot ; where the Cannon, artificial Fires, Pow- der, and other warlike Ammunition are kepr, and "uarded by Pike-men only, to avoid all Cafualties that might happen by Fire. Every Attack, at a Siege, hath its Park of Artillery.

Park of Provifions, is another Place in a Camp, on the Rear of every Regiment, which is taken up by the Sutlers, who follow the Army with all Sorts of Provifions, and fell them to the Soldiers.

PARLEY, a Conference with an Enemy, zgc. of the French Purler to fpeak, talk.

Hence to beat or found a Parley, is to give a Signal for the holding of fuch a Conference by Beat of Drum, or Sound of Trumpet.

PARLIAMENT, a Grand Affembly, or Convocation, of the Three Eftates of the Kingdom, viz, Lords Spiritual, Lords Temporal, and Commons, fummoned to meet the King, to con- fult of Matters relating to the Common-weal ; and particularly to enacf and repeal Laws. See Estate.

The two Houfes of Parliament are the King's Grand Coun- cil. See Council.

'Till the Conqueft, the great Council, confifling only of the great Men of the Kingdom, was call'd Magnatum Conventtts. and Prelatcrum p-nceritmque Concilium. The Saxons, in their own Tongue, call'd it Wittehagemote, i. e. Affcmblyof'theWife,

After the Conqueft, about the Beginning of the Reign of K. Edit!. I. Some fay, in the Time of HenA.it was called Par-

--- called to fit in Parliament : The firft Writs fent out to fummon them bore Date 49 Hen. III. Anno 121 7.

Parliaments are to be fummoned, prorogued, anddiflolved by the King alone : Nor can a Parliament begin without the King's Pretence. See King.

At firft new Parliaments were call'd every Year : By

„ degrees their Term grew longer. In the Time of Kind

fuppofe as fome do, that thofe Bifhops were only Paftorsof Charles II. they were held a long Time with lono Interrup-

fingle Churches See Diocese and Bishop. tions between. Both which were found of fo ill donfequence.

SeeCnuRcii. See alfo Parochial.

In the antient Church, there was one large Building in each City, for the People to meet in ; and this they call'd Pa- rip. But the Signification of the Word was afterwards en- larged, and by Parifi was meant a Diocefe, or the Jurifdicf i- on of a Billion, confifling of feveral Churches ; unlefs we will

At leaft, the Word now retains its original Meaning.

Tm-pin obferves, that Country Parifies had not their Ori- gin before the I Vth Century ; but thofe of Cities are more an- tient. The City of Alexandria is faid to have been the firft that was divided into Parifles. Saronius fays, that in the Time of Pope Cornelius, there were 46" Parifies in Rome.

The Divifion of England into Parijhes, is attributed to Ho- iiorius Archbifhop of Canterbury, in 636. Cambden reckons

... Confequence, that in the Beginning of the Reign of K. William, an Act was paffed, whereby the Term of all Parliaments was reflrained to three Sefltons, or rhree Years ; hence call'd the Triennial A3. Since that, from other Views, the Period of Parliaments is again, 3 Gecrgii, lengthen'd to feven Years.

A Parliament is call'd by the King's Writ, orLctter, directed to each Lord, commanding them to appear ; and, by other Writs, direcfed to the Sheriffs of each County, to fummon the

9284 Parifies in England. Chamberlayn makes, at prefent, People to elefl Km Knights for each County, and one or two

"$. nr j r t. • EurgeJJes for each Borough, &c.

ine word comes from the Latin Parochia, of the Greek Antiently, all the People had Votes in the Elections ; till it

™ e m*r ,,, , was enacted by Hen. VI. That none but Freeholders, refidi,:"

UJU cange obferves, that the Name vx&u>* was antiently in the County, and who had a yearly Revenue of 40 s. Ifioukl