Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/355

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There may be a Tenant to a Lord, that holdeth Mtefelf of ano- ther Lord ; the former Lord is called Lord Mefne ; and the other, Lord 'Paramount. But even the Term Lord 'Para- mount, is only comparative : for as one Man may be great, com- pared to a left, and little, being compared with a greater ; ho none (imply feems to be Lord Paramountbut the King, who is Patron 'Paramount to all the Benefices in England. See Kino. Patron, &c . ~,' ,

PARAMESE, in the antient Mufic, the ninth Chord or Sound in the Diagramma or Scale of Mufic. See DiA- GRAMMA. ,

The Word is Greek, and fignifies \uxta medium, next to the Middle; its Situation in the'firit State of the Scales, being next the Mefe ormiddle Chord. See Chord. .

PARANYMPH, PARANYMPHUS, among the A.nti- ents, the Perfon who waited on the Bride, and directed the Nuptial Solemnities ; called alfo Alfpex, becaufe the Cere- mony begun with taking Suffices. .

In ffrictnefs, however, the <Paranymph only officiated on the Part of the Bridegroom ; on the Part of the Bride, twas a Woman officiated, call'd the pronuba.

The Jess had likewifc a Kind of Pa ranymphs, which the -Talmud and the Rabbins call OOtiilW Scbtifchebtm, q.d. Companions of the Spoufe. The IVth Council of Carthage appoints that.when the married Couple come to ask the Pneit s Bleffing, they be prefented, either by their Fathers and Mo- thers, or by the Para-nymphs.

PARAPET, in Fortification, a Defence or Skrecn, on the Outfide of a Rampart, raifed fix or feven Foot high, tocoyer the Soldiers and the Cannon from the Enemy's Fire. See De-

parafets are raifed on all Works, both within and

the Place ■ and even on the Approaches. See Work.

The Parapet Royal, or that of the Rampart, -

Earth, Cannon-proof, from 1 8 to 20 Foot thick. Sec Ram- p int. Before the Parapetis&Sanquette, or little Eminence, a Foot and half high, for the Soldiers to {land on. See Ban-

^"■The Parapet of the Wall is of Stone. The -Parapet of the Trenches is either made of the Earth dug up, Gabions, Fai- or the like. J

See

Chaldee Paraphrase, is a Phrafe frequent among the Critics and Divines. There are three Chaldee Paraphrases on the Pentateuch. That of Onkelos, which fome take to be the fame with Aqllila : And which others take to have been that Onkelos which the Talmudifts, in the Treatife Gittin, make a Nephew of the Emperor Tittts. See Pentateuch.

The fecond is a Paraphrase of Jonathan ; the third is called the Targum of Jerusalem. See Targum.

The Chaldee Paraphrafe on the Prophets is of "Jonathan Son ofUmeL whom fome confound with Tbeodction.

The Author of the Chaldee -Paraphrase on the Angiogra- phic Books is unknown. Some attribute it to one JoSeph, fur-, named the Squinter ; others to Rabbi Akilas. Others fay, there is fo much Difference in the Style, that no one Perfon can have been the Author.

PARAPHRENESIS, or PARAPHRENETIS, or PA- RAPHRENIAS, in Medicine, a Kind of Phrenzy, the Caufe whereof was attributed, by the Antients, to an Inflam- mation of the Ventricle, the Liver, and efpecially the Dia- phragm. See Phrenzy.

Tneyalfo called it a -Pfeudo Phrencfis,h\fe Phrenzy, to di- fKnguilh it from the true one, which they made to conlfff in an Inflammation of the Brain and its Meninges.

The Moderns don't make any fuch Diiiinction in Phrenzies : They all come from the fame Caufe ; but that Caufe is neither an Inflammation of the Brain, nor of the Diaphragm. See Mania, Melancholly, £i?c.

Paraphrcnitis, among the modern Phjiicians, is an Inflam- mation of the Mediaflinum, or Pleura, about rhe Diaphragm, attended with a continual Fever, and exquifite Pain in the Parts affected, on contracting the abdominal Vcflels, as alfo a Delirium and arifing of rhe Hypochondria.

PARAPLEGIA, ot PARAPLEXIA, in Medicine, aSpe- to be of cies of Paralyfis, ot Palfy, ufually fucceeding an Apoplexy.

'ithout

cines, Sacks of Earth, -

The Parapet of the Corridor is the Glacis or Efplana Esplanade. . ., , ,

Parapet, is alfo a little Wall, bread-high, rais d on the Brinks of Bridges, Keys, or high Buildings ; to ferve as a Stay ; and prevent People's tumbling over _

Wore/ °ives us, from Jof. Maria Subrefms a curious Col- lection oftTames, which the Antients and Moderns have given to this Kind of Parapets : The Latins called them Sub- erne and BalHf, whence the Names Saftton and Saftile. They alfo called them <P«sra««MMZ«™<f, and Ammmalia. The Spaniards called them Barbacanes; the Italians, 'Para- petti, becaufe of their defending the Breaft, petto ; whence

° U pARAPH,a particularCharaaer, Knot,orFlouri(h, which People habituate themfelves to make always in the fame Man- ner at the End of their Name, to prevent their Signature from being counterfeited. See Cypher. -,-

The Paraph of the Kings of prance is a Grate, which the Secretaries always place before their own, in all Letters, (gc. Menage Amies the Word from 'Paragraphus.

PARAPHERNALIA, or PARAPHERNA, in the G-

See Palsy and Apoplexy.

The Paraplegia is a general Palfy, affecting the whole Bo- dy, the Head alone excepted. Bcerbaave defines it an Immo- bility of all the Mufcies below the Head, that have Nerves from the Cerebrum and Cerebellum.

Sometimes, Senfation as well as Motion are deffroyed hereby ; fometimes only one of them.

Its Original is ufually fiippofed to be fome Diforder, or Ob- flruiftioninthe fourth Ventricle of the Brain, or in the Begin- ning of the fpinal Marrow.

Etmullsr diftinguifhes the Paraplegia from the Paralyfis. The Paralyfis, according to him, is a Relaxation and Refo- lution of the Ligaments and Membets miniilring to Motion ; not from any Obftruct ion of the Nerves, but from a Refolution of the nervous Parts : Whereas the Paraplegia arifes from fome Obftruction of the Nerves.

The latter ufually fucceeds an Apoplexy, Epilepfy, Con- vulfions, Vertigo's; the former, the Scorbutus, Hypochondri- cal Difeafe, Colic, (Sc

The Word comes from the Greek ir«S much, and whiffet to flrike.

PARAPLEXIA, in Medicine. See Parapleoia.

PARASANG, an antient Perfian Meafure, different at different Times, and in different Places ; fometimes it is 30, fometimes 40, and fometimes 50 Stadia or Furlongs. See Measure and Stadium.

The Word, according to Littleton, has its Rife from Pa- rafch Angarius, q. d. the Space a Poll-man rides from one Sta-

vil Law, thofe Goods V^™>^&*£&& d °&£ SnIUM^ Poffceninm, among the Romans,

Sl'exdS^^^

Sul'arProvifion made .0 the contrary, in the Marriage Con- to ^^VE^he tth £"0?^. laft Week of X e « f>

"f n \Js Reborns extra Dotem Mulier habettf quasGrj« the p a jTC 0veri ,. e . on the Eve or Day of Preparation of the

" The Vrand CuCnary of Normandy, gives a different Senfe Mover : For Ifidore and Pafias obferve, that the Word in

,0 the Word It ™s Paraphernalia, h% Moveables, Linnen, the original Graft fignifies Preparation and was applied

and other F ma e Neceffaries, which are adjudged to the among Acje,a ,0 fe% becau fe on that Day they ufedto

Wife, in prejudice of the Creditors, when flic renounces the prepare what was necef&ry tor the Celebration of the Sabbath.

S Thf wTd iTwdfiri the Greek mrf beyond.orover.and HeJeThJour Tra^ationof the new Teftamcnt renders

Preparation of the Sabbath, Hi. Simon, and lome others call

atfvn Dos, Dowe..

PARAPHIMOSIS, in Medicine, aDiforder-of the WemS, wherein the Prepuce is fhrunk, and withdrawn behind the Glans fo as not to be capable of being brought to cover the fame.' See Prepuce and Gea—

Parafce r ce. See Preparation.

PARASELENE, in Phyfiology, Mock-Moon, a Meteor, or Phenomenon, encompaffing the Moon, in form of a luminous Ring ; wherein is fometimes obferv'd one, fometimes two ap-

haroens"ofteneft in venereal Diforders, where the Hu- parent Images :of the Mooon moursofa Gleet frequently prove lb/harp, as tocaufe this Re- The Parafelenes are form'd afe the

traction. There fometimes arifes a Ncceffity in this Cafe to Clip or cut thePrepuce open,ntherwife the Humours will be pent up under it, and do a great deal of Mifchief. See Phimosis.

PAR APHRASE, an Explication ot lome Text in clearer and more amrJe Terms whereby we fupply what the Author ginally a very repu and more atrrple .no, ~^ c „ K ;fA ' Priefls or at leafl Miniffers of the Gods ; in the fame manner,

Parhelia, or "Mock-Suns. See Parhelion.

The Word is form'd from the Greek ita-ej. near, and a\ifn Moon.

PARASITE, PARASITUS, among the Greeks, was ori- putable Title ; the Parafltes being a King of

might have faid or thought on the Subject.

Colometitis looks on Erafmus's Paraphrafes on the NewTe- flament as fuch extraordinary Works, that he makes no -—, - - ... -. fotTple to declare, he thinks the Author to havebeen divinely the Service of the Temples and the Gods infpired, when he penn'd 'em. 5

as at Rome were the Epllknes. See Epulones.

They took care of the facred Com ; or the Corn dcliined for

' — '-. Sacrifices,

Fcafts,