Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/350

 PAR

Parabolic Cuneus, a folid Figure form'd by multiplying all the DB's I'ab. Comes Eg. 10. into the D S's : or which a- mounts to the fame, on the Bafe APB erect aPrifm, whofe Altitude Jhall be A S or P S; this will be a Parabolical Cu- fieus-j which ofneceflity will be equal to the ParabohcatPyra- midoid; inafmuch as the component Rectangles, in one,are fe- verally equal to all the component Squares in the other.

Parabolic Conoid, a folid Figure generated by the Rota- tion of a Semi-parabola abcut its Axis, and is :— * of its cir- cumfcribing Cylinder.

The Circles conceived to be the Elements of this Figure, are in an arithmetical Proportion, decreafing towards the Ver- tex.

A 'Parabolic Conoid is to a Cylinder of the fame Eafe and Height, as i to 2 5 and to a Cone of the fame Bale and Height, as i ^ to i.

Parabolic Spindle. SccPyramidoid.

Parabolic Speculumox Mirrour. See Mirrour.

PAR ABOLOIDES, in Geometry, Parabola's of the higher Kinds. See Parabola of the higher Kinds.

(Quadrature qfa Paraboloid. See Quadrature.

Rectification of a Paraboloid. See Rectification.

Centre of Gravity of a Paraboloid. See Centre.

Quadratic Paraboloid, Cubical 'paraboloid, Surfefolidal Paraboloids. See Parabola's of the higher Kinds.

PARACENTESIS, in Chirurgery, an Operation in Chi- rurgery, popularly call'd tapping.

It confilis in the opening a little Hole in the lower Venter or Belly, to let out Waters collected in the Capacity thereof, or between the Teguments, in an Afcites or Water- c 2)ropfy. See Dropsy.

The Antients cut the Aperture withaLancet; but the Mo- derns punch it with a Kind of Scillet or Bodkin; clapping a Cannti da- crTap into the Hole when made,to carry oil" the Wa- ter. See Cannula.

The Operation is ufually performed two or three Fingers Breadth on one Side the Navel, fometimes a little lower, but always fo as to avoid the Linea Alba.

The Water is ufually drawn off at feveral Times, as the Pa- tient's Strength will allow; and a new Puncture is made, every Time the Belly is thus to be emptied.

The Paracentefis does not often fuccced, tho' often repeated; becaufe the Rooto^ the Difeafe, notwithstanding the carrying off the Water by this Means, is ftill left behind.

The Word is form'd from the Greek t.sl^. with, and JteeTaV ptingere to prick.

Some Authors give the Name P aracentefs to 3.W Operations either with the Lancet, the. Needle, or Punch; not excepting thr Operation of Coaching for Cataracts; founded on the Ety- mology of the Word : others reftrain it to Apertures made in the Head, Breaft, Belly and Scrotum; and others to the tingle Operation of Capping in Drnpfjes.

PARACEKTRICK Motion of 'Impetus, in Aftronomy, a Term ufed for fo much as a revolving Planetapproaches nearer to, or recedes farther from the Sun, or Centre ot Attraction. See Attraction.

Thus if a Planet in A Tab.AftronomyFig. 25. move to B, then is S B T — S A — b B, the paracentric Motion of that Pla- net.

Paracentric Sollicitation of Gravity or Levity amounts to the fame with the Vis Centripeta, and, in Aftronomy, is ex- preffed by the Line AL Fig. 26. drawn from the Point A pa- rallel to the Ray S B {'infinitely near S A) till it interfect the Tangent B L.

PARACLET, a Name the Church has given to the Holy Spirit; from "rafaxtoir, Comforter, Advocate.

PARACYNANCHE, in Medicine. See Parasynan-

CHE.

PARADE, the Shew, or Expofal of any Thing to view, in all its Advantages and Ornaments.

Bed olparade, is that wherein a Perfon lies in State.

Parade, in War, is the Appearance of the Officers and Sol- diery at a Poll: affignM them, to put themfelves under Arms, in the beft Order they can; either to mount, or break up the Guard; or to form a Battalion, or on fome other Occafion.

Parade, in Fencing,the Action of Parrying, or Turning off any Pufh, or Stroke.

There are as many Kinds of Parades as of Strokes and At- tacks. Parade inward, outward, above, below, feign'd, ££<".

PARADIGM A or PARADIGM, anExample^orlnftance of fomething faid,or done. See Example.

The Word is form'd of the Greek ^A^aMyfML Exemplar, of watx}, and f(kyw>i.ct.i oftendo, cj. d. \uxta oftendo.

PARADISE, a Garden of delights; a Term primarily ufed for the Place wherein Adam was feated, during his Innocence; and from which he was expelfd for difobey'mg God; call'd in a ftritter manner, the Terrefrial Paradife.

The Word is form'd of the Greek <srdA?</Ww Orchard, a Place ftored with Apples, and all Kinds of Fruit. Mofes calls it the Garden of Eden.

The Critics are in difpute about the precife Place of para- dife. Some will have it in Judea, in the Place where now is

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PAR

the Lake Gemfaret&t others, in Syria, toward the Springs of the Orontes^ndC/.ryforrhoes.- But, inneitherof thole Places do we difcover any Track of the Rivets wherewith Paradife, in Mofes s Defcription, was water'd. Others place it in the greater Armenia near the Mountain Ararat, where Noah's Ark was left; and imagine they there difcover the Sources of the four Rivers which water'd the Garden of Eden viz. Eu- phrates; Hiddekel, now the Tigre h Gihon, now Araxes; and. Pijon, now Phazzo. But Sir J. Chardm aflures us, in his Travels, that the Phazzo fprings out of the Mountains oiCau- cafus, Northward of the Kingdom of Imereti, aud far enough from Mount Ararat: Befide that in Armenia, we have no Signs of the Countries of Havilah and Ethiopia, which thofe Rivers walh'd after their departing from Eden.

There are various other Opinions, asto this Point : PoflelhiS will have Paradife placed under the North-Pole; grounding his Notion upon an antient Tradition of the Egyptians and Baby- lonians, that the Ecliptic or Sun's Way was at firft at Right Angles to the Equator; and fo pafs'd directly over the North- Pole. Others are againft limiting it to any one Place, and contend, that it included the whole Face of the Earth, which was, asitwere, one continued Scene of Pleafures, till alter'd up- on Adam's Tranfgrcflion,

But the moft common,and withal, moll probable Opinion is that of Hopk/nfcn,Haet, %ochart,tfc. who place it between the Confluence of the Euphrates, and Tyger, and rheir Separation. Thefe Rners are two of thofe wherewith the Garden of Edeit was water'd : Pfcn was a Branch ariling out of one ot them after their Separation; and Gihon another Branch arifing from the other, on the Side of Armenia or the Welt : Accordingly Ethiopia, one of the Countries which thefe Rivers wafh'd was, incontcllably, Arabia fDeferta, for Mofes calls his Wife, who was of this Country, an Ethiopian; and Havilah,, the other Country, mult be the Chuff an, in Perfia-, where there were anciently found GoU, Bdellium, the Onyx, &c. mentioned in Mofes's Defcription.

PARAD1SUS, among antient Church-Writers, was a fquare Court, before Cathedrals, furrounded with Piazza's, or Por- tico's for walking under, fupported by Pillars. Matthew Pa- ris calls it Parvifi/s.

PARADOX, in Pbilofopby, a Propofitfon feemingly ab- furd, becaufe contrary to the receiv'd Opinions; but yet true.

The Copemican Syftem is a Paradox to the People 5 the Learned are all agreed of its Truth.

There are even Paradoxes in Geometry; a Number where- of are collected by the Jefuir Mario Setino: among others is this, that the Contain'd is greater than the Containing.

The Word is form'd from the Greek wagd, contra, againft, and Join Opinion.

PARADOX!, or PARADOXOLOGI, among the An- tients, were a Kind of Mimes or Buffoons, who diverted the People with their Drolling. See Pantomime.

They were alfo call'd Ordinarii for this Reafbn apparently, that, as they fpoke without Study or Preparation, they were always ready.

They had another Denomination, viz. Nianicokgi q. d. Tel- lers of Children's Tales : And, befide, were call'd Aretalogi, of apziv, Virtue as talking much of their own rare Talents and Qualifications.

PARjENESIS, Ttfgarfperif, a Greek Term, fignifying Ad- monition, Inltruction, Precept, or Exhortation.

The Word is form'd of «^« and ciym, Laudo.

PARAGE, in Law, andCuftoms, an Equality of Name Blood, or Dignity, but more cfpecially of Land, in the Parti- tion of an Inheritance between Co-heirs. See Peerage.

Parage, Paragium, was particularly ufed in antient Cu- ftoms, for an Equality of Condition among Nobles, or Perfons holding Nobly: Thus, when a Fief is divided among Bro- thers; in this Cafe,the younger hold their Part of the Elder by Parage, i.e. without any Homage or Service.

This {till obtains, in fome Meafure, in Scotland, where the Husbands of the younger Sifters are not obliged to any Faith or Homage to the Husband of the Elder; nor their Children, to the fecond Degree.

This Parage being an Equality of Duty or Service among Brothers and Sifters, fome have call'd it Fratrage and Paren- tage. The Cuftomary of Normandy defines the 'Tenure by Pa- rage to be, when, a noble Fiefbeing divided among Daughters, theEldeft doesHomage to the chief Lord for all the reft, and the youngeft hold their Parts of the Eldeft by y^r^f, i.e. with- out any Homage or Fealty. Parage ceafes at the fixth De- gree inclufively. It likewife ceafes, when any of the Sharers fell their Part. See Homage.

PARAGOGE, in Grammar, a Figure, whereby a Word is lengthen'd out, by adding a Syllable at the End thereof: as in dicierfor did. See Figure. Or

PARAGOGIC, in Grammar, fomething added to a Word, without adding any thing to the Senfe thereof. In the He- brew, the n is frequently Paragogic; as fmaj; for TI3N 1 will praife.

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