Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/347

 PAN

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PAN

Sruuner relates, that the 'Pancreatic Duct, in feveral Dogs having been tied, and cut ; they ftill continued to eat, and drink, and perform all the other Functions of Life as ufual. One of them feemed only to have the better Stomach for it.

PANDECTS, PANDECTA, in Jurif-prudence, the Di- geft, or Collection made by f/ujlinian's Order, of 534 Deci- fions or Anfwers of the antient Lawyers, on fo many Queftions occurring in Law ; to which that Emperor gave the Force and Authority of Laws by the E piffle prefixed to them. See Digest.

The Word is form'd from the Greek xuvJbQa', i- e. Compi- lation, or a Book containing all Things. Others, as Sartoli, will have it form'd from iray all ; as if thefe Books contained the whole Doctrine of the Law.

The pandeBs confift of fifty Books, and make the firft. Part oftheBodyof the Civil Law. See Civil Laiv.

They were defign'd by two rrtr ; but the Copifts taking thofe snr for/, the Cultom arofe of quoting them by f.

Papias extends the Signification ofPandeBs, to the Old and New Teftament.

The Florentine PandeBs are thofe printed from a famous ancient Manufcript at Florence.

Pandects. Medicine. There are alfo <pande3s of Medi- cine, a Kind of Dictionary of Things relating to Medicine, compiled by Malt. Sylvaticus of Mantua, who lived aboutthc Year 1257.

Leunclavius has alfo publifh'd PandeBs of Turkey ; and Biiliop Severidge PandeBs of the Canons.

PANDICULATION, that Reftleflhefs, Stretching, and Uneafincfs, which ufually accompany the cold Fit of an Inter- mitting Fever. SeelNTERMiTTiNG Fever.

It is fuppofed to arife from a convulfive Dilatation of the Mufcles, whereby Nature endeavours to throw off fomething that difturbs her.

PANDORON, a mufical Instrument, ufed among the An- tients ; refembling the Lute. See Lute.

It has the fame Number of Strings ; but they are of Brafs, and of Confequence give a more agreeable Sound.

Its Frets are of Copper, like thofe of the Ciftron ; its Back flat, like that of the Guitarre ; and the Rims of its Table, as well as its Ribs, cut in Serni-circles.

Tin Cange obferves, that Varro, IJidore, and others of the An- tients, mention it as having only three Strings.

The Word, according to fome, is form'd from the Greek ■raV and Ji & v, i. e. all Gift, or all Sorts of Gifts. Ifidore derives the Name from its Inventor Pandorus ; others from fan, to whom they attribute its Invention, as well as that of the Flute.

PANEGYRIC, an Oration in Praife of fomc extraordinary Perfon, or Virtue. See Oration.

The Panegyric is rank 'd among the demonstrative Kinds of Orations. See Demonstrative.

It has its Name from iiav all, and dyn^a I affemble, becaufe it was anciently held in public, and folemn Affemblies of the Greeks, either at their Games, their Feafts, Fairs, or religious Meetings.

To make them the more folemn, they ufed to begin with the Praifes of the Deity, in whofe Honour the Games, &c. ■were celebrated; then they defcended to the Praife of the People or Country where they were celebrated ; then to the Princes or Magiflrates who prefided at them ; and at length, to the Champions, efpecially the Conquerors who had gain'd the Prize.

F. de Colonia lays down two Methods, or Series's obferv d in Panegyrich.

The Artificial, where, without any Regard to the Order of Time, every Thing is reduc'd to certain Heads. Thus, Tillly refers the whole Praife of Pompey to his Skill in War, his Vir- tue, Authority, and Felicity.

The other Natural, wherein the Order and Time of Hifto- ry are obferv'd. This Series he divides into three Periods, the Space before the Perfon's Birth, that wherein he lived, and if he be dead, that which follow'd his Death. This Natural Se- ries requires much lefs Art, Genius, &c. than the other.

The Places or Sources of Panegyric are chiefly the Family, Country, Auguries at his Birth, his Virtues, the Talents of his Body and Mind, Honours, Riches, Manner of his Death, and the Confequences thereof.

Panegyric, is alfo the Name of a Church-Book, in ufe among the Greeks; fo call'd, as confiding of Panegyrics or Difcourfes in Praife of Jefus Chrifl and the Saints. See Greek.

'Tis found in MS. in moft Churches ; but is not the fame in all ; each Church having its particular Saints ; and the Com- pilers of this Kind of Books, ufually fuiting their Collections to the Tafte of their own Devotion.

They are difpofed according to the Order of Months, and frequently confift of 12 Volumes, anfwering to the 12 Months of the Year.

PANEL or PANNEL, in Law, is deriv'd by Spehnan, from Pagella a Schedule, or Page ; in which Senfe we fay a Panel of Parchment, a Counter-'.P«e of an Indenture, (ge.

But it is more commonly ufed for a Schedule or Roll, con- taining the Names of fuch Jurors, as the Sheriff returns to pals upon the Trial.

Hence the Empanelling of a Jury is the Entering of their Names, by the Sheriff, into a Panel, or little Schedule of Parchment. See Jury. In Panelh Affizis, Sic,

Coke on Littleton will have Panel to be an Englip Word, fignifying a little Part; as being a Diminutive of the Word Pane, Part. But Spelman takes this for an Over-fight.

Panel, in Joinery, iic See Pannel.

PANES, in the antient Theology. See Satyr.

PANIC, or Panic-Fear, a Term ufed for a needlefs, or ill- grounded Fright.

Polyenus fetches the Origin of the Phrafe from Pan, one of the Captains of 'Bacchus, who, with a few Men, put a nu- merous Enemy to rout, by a Noife which his Soldiers railed in a rocky Valley, favour'd with a great Number of Eccho's. Th is Stratagem making their Number appear much greater than it really was, the Enemy quitted a very commodious Encamp- ment, and fled.

Hence all ill-grounded Fears have been call'd Panicks or Panic Fears ; and 'twas this gave Occafion to the Fable of the Nymph Eccho's being belov'd by that God.

Others derive the Origin of the Expreffion hence, that in the Wars of the Titans againft the Gods,Pan was the firft who ftruck Terror into the Hearts of the Giants. T/xon on Arams fays, he did it by means of a Sea-Shell which ferv'd him for a Trumpet, whereof he was the Inventor.

PANICULA, PANICLE, in Botany, called alfo Jhiba. a foft woolly Beard, or String, whereon the Seeds of fome Plants hang, pendulous, as in Reeds, Millet, &c.

Such are hence called Panicuiated Plants. See Pl an t

PANNAGE, PANAGE, or PAWNAGE, are ufed in our Law-Books, iSic. for the Maft of Woods ; as of Beech, Acorns, Sfe.

As alfo for the running and feeding of Swine or other Cattel in Forefts, and the Monies taken by Agistors for the fame.

Pamnagium libemm, or free Pannage, was a Liberty of free running of Swine in certain Forefts and Woods ; which was a Privilege, granted to certain private Perfons, and feveral reli- gious Houfes. Linivcod defines Pannagium Pajlus Pecoruni in Nemorilms, £•? in Silvis, at pote de Glandibus ££? aliisfru- Bus arborum fyheftrium, quarumfruBus aliter necfolent colligi.

It is alfo mentioned 20 Car. II. gluifque villanus habeas decent Porcos,dat unum Porcum de Pa?iagio$ by which it ap- pears, that one Hog in 10 was given to Pannage.

PANNEL, in Law. See Panel.

Pannel, or Panel, in Joinery, $3c a Tympanum or fquare Piece of thin Wood, fometimes carv'd, fram'd,or groov'd in a larger Piece between two Momants or upright Pieces, and two Traverfes or Crofs-Pieces.

Hence Panels or Panes of Glafs, are Compartiments or Pieces of Glafs of various Forms, Square, Hexagonal, ££fr.

Pannel, in Mafonry, one of the Faces of a hewn Stone. See Stone.

Pannel of a Saddle, two Cufhions full of Hair or Flocks, placed on each Side the Saddle to prevent the Bow from hurtin« the Horfe. See Saddle.

The Word is form'd from the French, Panneau of Pan, flat-fide.

PANNICULUS, in Anatomy, a Term frequently ufed for a Membrane. See Membrane.

Hence, Panniculus adipofus, Sic. is the fame with Membra- na adipofa, &c. SeeAniposA, &c.

The Word is Latin, form'd by Diminution, from Pannus, Cloth, q. d. a little Cloth or fine Web.

Panniculus Carnofus, is a flefhy Membrane, which the antient Anatomifts fuppofed to be common to the whole Body; and to be the fourth Integument or Covering thereof, after the Epidermis, Cutis, and the Adipofus. See Skin.

This fleihy Pannicle, according to them, is a thick Mem- brane,- which covers the whole Body ; and even becomes muf- culous in fome Parts : But the lateft Anatomifts deny any fuch Membrane in the human Body ; maintaining, that what the Antients call'd- the fleihy Pannicle, is only the fat or adipofe one. Dr. T)rake makes it a double Membrane, one Half of which forms the Membrana adipofa, the other Half the Mem- brana communis of the Mufcles. The Ufe the Antients afcrib'd to the fleihy Pannicle was to wrinkle and contract the Skin ; but the Truth is, where-ever the Skin wrinkles, there are par- ticular Mufcles for the Purpofe, call'd Cutaneous Mufcles. ' See Cutaneous.

Thefe Mufcles the Antients own'd; but laid their Office was confined to particular Motions ; adding, that there are Places where no Fat is found between the Cutis and the fleihy Pan- nicle ; which is falfe.

Further, even in Animals which do move the Skin ; this Pan- nicle is no more than a cutaneous Mufcle, as well as the T)artos.

Some of the modern Anatomifts, however, admit the fleihy Pannicle, and deny the adipofe one ; fuppofing the latter, in reality, only a Part of the former. See Fat and Flesh.

PANNIER, in Architecture. See Corbel.

PANNUS,