Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/344

 PAL

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PAL

PALMS, among Botanifts, white Buds, {hooting out of Deprimens or Orbicularis Willows, or Sallows, before the Leaf ; of the Expansions where- gc. of, the Leaves themfelves are form'd. See Bud and Ger- In Quadrupeds the lower Pal*ebra

Ml NATION.

See Attollens, Defrimen

moveable, and the

p Al M-S raDA v, the Sunday next before ^.-Sunday ; and the'greater. J^thffiCKlK '&&£&2£LJ?2Z%-.~.-. . _ _. ^Generality of Hfhcs have no Pa7peb2 ?" &

It has been thus called from the primitive Days, on Account of a pious Ceremony then in ufe, of bearing 'palms in Me- mory of the Triumphant Entry of Jefus C/mft into Jerufalem, eight Days before the Feafl of the Paffover, dei'cribed by St. 'Matthew Chap. XXI, St. Mark Chap. XI. and St. Luke, Chap. XIX.

The Ancients had alfo other Names for this Day. For I. they called it 'Dominica Competentium, i. e. Sunday of the Com- petents ; becaufe on that Day the Catechumens came to ask

biters, and ■ ently fecurcd without,

In the Generality of Brutes which is drawn, like a Curtain

Ipebrk ; as being fuftici-

a Kind of third Eye-lid, -, to wipe off the Humidity which might incommode the Eyes; it is called the Nictitating Membrane. See Nictitans.

The Monkey is almoll the only one that wants it ; as beinp furnilh'd, like Man, with Hands to wipe the Eye on Occa'i lion.

PALPITATION, in Medicine, a preternatural Eeatinff :

the Bifhop Leave to be admitted to Baptifm, which was con- or Pulfation of the Heart. See Pulse Be aa W»

ferr'dthe Saturday following. See Baptism and Catechu- The Palpitation of the Hear.-, is an irregularity in the Mo-

M %m' »-i ir j ■, i- „■», „*. tionsofthatZ-7/CTJS, whereby it is driven with Violence towards

They had alfo, then, given 'cm the Symbol or Credo to get^ the Ribs, in its Contraction, attended with a great Peeblenefi

oft by Heart, to be repeated to the Bifhop in the Ceremony of of Pulfe. See Heart ra.mt.nM

Baptifm. See Symbol There are feveral Degrees of "P^/mot« : Sometimes 'tis

.They called it Upnihvmm, the Sunday of ■waging the „ reat> fometimes moderate, fometimes final! ; 'tis fometimes

Head ; by reafon thofe, who were to be baptized the following f impetuous, as to be heard and feen

Sunday, were prepared by warning their Head this Sunday. The Trepidation or Trembling of theHeart differs from the

SomeTimeaiterwarastheycalledit7W«/|ra Ce jK»i«;by palpitation. In the former the Pulfations arefaint, flow and

reafon the Emperors and Patriarchs ufed to diftribute Gifts on faltering; in the latter the Shakes are immoderate violent

th t t PA y ;AS e T e o^ DU » LGENCE -, , , , and convulfive. See Trepidation.

PALMARES, in Anatomy, a Mufcle ferving to contraft the The Caufe of the Palpitarion^cotdine to Soerhaave is ufu-

Valm of the Hand, in grafping. all an inordiliate and violem f mjletm J the vi, g. V

It arifes from the internal Protuberance of the ffiwOTS, and tX te Villi of theHeart; as in violent Paffions, fudtlcn Fear

by a long and llender Tendon paries above the annular Li- hyfleric Affections, violent and fudden Motions. Sometimes

gament to the Falm of the Hand; where it expands ltfelt it isowina to ai " into a large Aponeurosis, which cleaves clofe to the Skin above, and to the Sides of the Metacarpus below, and to the firtt Phalanx of the Fingers; by which means it makes four Cafes for the Tendons of the Fingers to pafs thro'.

This Mufcle is fometimes wanting, but the Aponeurofis is al- ways there.

Palmaris brevis or ghw.dra.tus, a Mufcle that lies under the Aponeurofis of the firtt. It arifes from the Bone of the Metacarpus that futlains the iittle Finger, and from that Bone of the Carpus which lies above the reft. It goes tranfverfly, and is inferted into the eighth Bone of the Carpus.

It ferves to draw the Palm of the Hand into a concave Fi- gure.

PALMER, in our antient Writers, is ufed for a 'Pilgrim ; and fometimes for a Croife, on Account of a Staff made of the

an Irritation of the Fibres of the Heart, occafion'd by fome fliarp Stimulus ; as an Inflammation of the Heart of pericardium, or fome other Diforder thereof from a Stone, Worms, Hairs, an Aneurifina, &c.

Sometimes it arifes from a thick,' copious, polypous Blood : and fometimes from the Arteries, being become cartilaginous or bony ; or their Extremities oblfructed therewith.

In the jDiHicu. de Trevoux, an Author, himfelf afflifted with this Difeafe, makes a particular Difquifition into its Na- ture, and Caufe.

Anatomy, he obferves, thews us a great Number of occa- fionalCaufes of this Difeafe : But Physicians are still at a Lots to determine the efficient Caufe.

The Moderns, with better Reafon than the Antients, feek for it in the Blood of the Pulmonary Artery, which is fuppofed to rebound impetuouily towards the right Ventricle ot the

its Couri'e towards _. fome Obstruction, or compreffed from various Caufes.

In opening the Carcaffes of People dead of this Difeafe, or subject to it while living, Worms or Polypus's have been found in the Ventricles of the Heart, and Dropiies or Abfceffes in the Pericardium.

¥illm?l tee which they ever afterwards bore as a Badge of Heart ; by being prevented from purfuing i th o r ,? e, V ,°,r^; i T? ee P J LG f IM -' C S0ISE > Croisade, iSc. the ther Veffels of the Lunge, ftopp'd by

PALMISTRY, a Kind ot Divination, perform 'd by in- or comDreffed from various ffin'ft. fpecling the Palm of the Hand ; call'd alfo CI. iromancy. See Chiromancy.

PALMULAR1I, more properly call'd Parmularii, in Antiquity, a Sort of Gladiators, who fought, atm'd with a Sort of a tittle Buckler, call'd Parma. See Gladiator and Parma.

PALPABLE.fomething that may be perceiv'd by the Senfes, 'efpecially the Senfe of Feeling.

Ftence Impalpable-Powder. See Powder.

PALPEBRiE, in Anatomy, the Eye-Lids ; or thofe move- able Covers which ferve to fcreen, and defend the Eyes. See

E "' .„, , . -•■' , ' , , ... Capillary, &e. Veffels of the Lungs, opposing an impartible

They conf.fl of a thin mufcular Membrane, covered without- Dike t0 the Coiirfe f the thicker! Part of th? Blood driven fide with a strong, yet flexible Skin; and lined within-futc th ither by the Contraction of theHeart, fo as only 'a fmall with a Production as fome think, of the Pericranium. Their Qt ian, ity can fi nd a p afla thro h them the firfl ^ fc Edges are fortify d with a fort Cartilage, by Means whereof, an £ffort againIi their s J deS) an j obHge thcm tQ gjw ^ ^

flretchthem out, in Proportion to the Quantity of Blood im- 'M againfl them by the Contraction of the 'Heart.


 * becaufe the Pulmonary Artery cannot ftretch wide e-

to receive all the Blood of the right Ventricle driven

ginov.s Matters which cram its Cavity fo clofe, that as Slan- chari tells us, in his Anatomy, 'tis fometimes difficult even to get a Pin in.

From thefe Obfervations, fome have concluded, that tin

they are enabled to clofe the better.

intheAir and break the too fierce Impreflion of the Rays of thither at a Contraflion ; and fince the Blood, by reafon of

S'l''/- t?°- ■"■ i /- ■, i . . Obltruttions, cannot continue its proereflii-e Motion, in Propor-

Thefe Hairs, it is obferv d, only grow to a certain convenient tion to the Velocity wherewith it is impelled, by the Contra-

Length, and never need cutting, as mott others do ; add to this, that their Points Hand out of the way ; thofe of the upper Eye- lid being bent upwards, as thofe of the tower downwards ; fo nice was Nature, in fuch fmall Matters.

At the Commiffure, or Joining of the upper and under Eye- lids are formed two Angles caWdCauthi. Sec Canthus.

In the Inner of thefe isa Gland call'd Glandula Lachryma/is

clion of the Heart ; the Heart at each Contraction fails to ex- ptefs into the Pulmonary Artery, all the Blood it contain'd in its right Ventricle.

Thus that Part of the Blood whiah remains, receiving the whole Shock impreffed by the Contraclion, returns it again to the Heart by Reflection, fii iking impetuouily againft its Sides, and making it bound and ilioot towards the Ribs.

The fame Confequences will arife from Oblfruflions of the

Aorta, preventing the entire Evacuation of the left Ventricle ;

Eye, and keep its Membranes from growing harlli and dry. and generally, from all Obflruflions or Compreffions of the

from which proceed two or three Ducts, which, opening on the inner Surface of the Eye-lid, ferve to moiflen the Ball of the

See Glandula Lachrymalis.

Near the other Angle, is a Gland call'd Innominata ; which helping by feveral Branches to irrigate the Eye, the Over-plus is carried to thegreater Angle and tranfmitted to the Nofe thro' the PunHa L.achrymalia. See Laciirymalia Puncta.

By thefe Glands it is, fecern'd. See Tears.

Veflels, as Polypus's, Abfceffes, and Dropficsinthe Parts near the Heart. As to Worms, their biting, and gnawing of the fi- brous Parts of the Hears, muft occasion violent R.efluxes of Spi- rits towards the Erain, follow'd wfth a copious Effulion ofo- ther Spirits into the Nerves of the Lungs, by the Content of that the Humour, call'd Tears, is p arts. And by fuch Means violent and convulfive Contriflions will be occafion'd throughout the whole Texture of the Lunn.

The Eye-lids are both moveable, efpecially the upper.which which oppoling the WPaflliae of the Blood mav occafioi"a has two MUfcIes to raife and deprefs it, call'd yftiollens, and palpitation of the Heart.

Th«