Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/343

 PAL

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PAL

'Tis faid, there was anciently a Statue of Dallas prefcrv'd at Rome, in the Temple of Vefta : which fome pretended to be the true Palladium of Troy, brought into Italy by JEneas : It was kept among the facred Things of the Temple, only known to the Priefls and Veflals.

This Statue was etteem'd the Deftiny of Rome ; and there were feveral others made perfectly like it, to fecure it from be- ing (tollcn. See Ancyle.

"There was alfoa Palladium in the Citadel of Athens, plac'd there by Nicias.

Thefe 'Palladiums, in all Probability, were no other than a Kind of Talismans. See Talisman.

PALLET, among Painters, a little oval Table, of Wood, or Ivory, very thin and fmooth on ; and around which the Painters place the feveral Colours they have occafion for, ready for the Pencil. See Colour.

The Middle ferves to mix the Colours on, and to make the Teints requir'd in the Work. It has no Handle, but in Lieu thereof, a Hole at one End, to put the Thumb through to hold it.

The Word comes from the Latin Paleta.

Pallet, among Potters, Crucible-Makers, Z?c. is a wood- en Inflrument, almoft the only one they life, for forming, beat- ing, and rounding their Works. See Potter.

They have feveral Kinds ; the Iargeft are oval, with a Handle ; others are round, or hollow'd triangularly ; others, in fine, in manner of large Knives, ferving to cut oil' what is fu- perfluous on the Moulds of their Works.

Pallet, in Gilding, is an Inflrument made of a Squirrel's Tail j ufed to take up the Gold Leaves from the Pillow, to apply and extend 'em on the Matter to be gilt. See Gild- ing.

Pallet, in Heraldry, is the Moiety or Half of the Tale; or a fmall Pale, half the Breadth of the ufual one. See Pale.

The Pallet mud never be charg'd with any thing, either Quick or Dead ; neither can it be divided into two equal Parts, butit may be into four, for one fourth Part of the Pallet, or } Part of taepale, is called an Endorfe. See Endorse.

If the Pale be upon any Eeaft, they fay, the Beaft is 2)e- bruifii with the Pale : But if the Bead be upon the Pale, they fay, he is [upported by the Pale.

Pallet is alfo a Part belonging to the Ballance of a Watch or Movement. See Watch and Movement.

PALLIATION, the Action of mitigating, foothing, or difguifing a Thing.

Hence, in Medicine, Palliation is ufed for the quieting and affuaging of Pain, and providing again!! the feverer Symp- toms of a Difeafe, when nothing can be directly levell'd againfl theCaufe. See Palliative.

PALLIATIVE Indication, is where the Symptoms of a Difeafe give too much Trouble, and Danger, to have their Cure deferr'd till the Difeafe, whereon they depend, is re- moved. See Indication.

Here, the Symptoms, themfelves, are to be cured, or miti- gated a-part : And hence,

Palliative Cure, is the Anfwering of a Palliative Indi- cation ; or the Removal, or Mitigation of the Symptoms of a Difeafe ; the Caufe of the Difeafe flill remaining. See Cure.,

Bcerhaave obferves, that every Mitigation of a Symptom takes away fomewhat from the Difeafe itfelf; fo that to cure all the Symptoms together, isalrnofltocure the whole Difealc. See Symptom.

The principal Symptoms which call for fuch a Cure are Thirlt, Pain, too much Waking, and Paintings. See each under its proper Article. Pain, TIiirst, Waking, &c.

PALLIER, or Paillier, in Building, a Landing-Place in a Stair-Cafe ; or a Step, which, being broader than the reft, ferves to red upon. See Stair-case.

The Term is pure French, and not much ufed in Englifi. In Perrons, or large Stair-cafes, where there are fometimes feve- ral Palliers in the fame Range, or Line, they ought to have at leafithe Width of two Steps.

Thofe in theTurns of Stair-cafes ought to be as broad as long. Vitnmius calls the Palliers or Landing-Places of Theatres yjiazomata.

PALLIFICATION, in Architecture, is the piling of the Ground-work ; or lengthening it with Piles, or Timber driven into the Ground; which is praflifed, when they build upon a moid ormarfhySoil. See Foundation.

PALLIO cooperire. It was an ancient Cuflom, where Children were born out of lawful Wedlock, and their Parents afterwards intermarried ; that thofe Children, together with the Father and Mother, fhou'd Hand Pallia cooperti under a Cloath fpread over them, while the Marriage was a folem- nizing 5 which was a Kind of Adoption, and had the Effect of a Legitimation.

Thus Robert Grofihead, the famous Bifhop of Lincoln, in one of his Letters, In Jigmtm legitimationis nati ante Matri- monium confueverunt poni fub pallio [tiper Parentes ecrum externa, in Matrimonii filemnimtiom.

Selden, in his Notes on Beta, adds, that the Children of John op Gaunt, Duke of Lancajler, by Catherine Swnfmt tho' legitimated by AS ot Parliament ; yet were cover'd with the Pall at the Time of the Matriage of their Parents

PALLIUM or PALL, a Pontifical Ornament wore by Popes Patriarchs, Primates and Metropolitans of the Romifi Church over their other Garments, as a Sign of their Turifdiction. See Pontificalia, Episcopalia, i$c,

'Tis in Form of a Band, or Fillet, three Fingers broad, and incompaffes the Shoulder ; whence by fome Authots it is called Superhumerale. It has Pendants, about a Palm long, both before and behind ; with little Lamina: of Lead rounded at the Extremes, and covered with black Silk, with four red Croffes.

The Pallium is made of white Wool, fhore from off two Lambs, which the Nuns of St. Agnes offer every Year, on the

Day of her Feaft, at the finging of the Mafs, Agnus Z'ei.

The Lambs are received by the two Canons of the Church of St. John de Lateran ; who deliver 'em into the Hands of the Apoftolical Sub-deacons, to whom belongs the feeding and (hearing of 'em in Seafon, and who alone have the Rk«Iu of making thefe Palliums ; which, when made, they lay over the Bodies of St. peter and St. Paul in the Grand Altar of their Church, making Prayers over 'em all Night, according to the Form prefcrib'd for that Purpofe in the Roman Cert-, monial.

Some, with Eufehius, will have the Pallium to have been introduced by Pope Linus ; adding, that as the Ephod was the Matk ot the Pontifical Authority in the Jesifi Synagogue fo is the Pallium m the Chrifiian Church. See Ephod. '

Others have obferv'd, that there is no Mention made hereof before the Year 336".

Laftly, others will have it firfl granted by Conftantine the Great, to Pope Silvefter ; from whence it pafs'd'to the other Patriarchs and Archbifhops.

The Pope prete nds to the fole Right of Conferring the Pal- lium ; tho' fome Patriarchs have granted it to their Suffragans, having firit rcceiv'd it themfelves from the Roman See.

Antiently the Pope ufed to fend the Pallium, to certain of his Diocefan Bifhops, on whom he laid a good Parr of his Authority, and who were a Kind of a Collaterals to him, as the Patricii were to the Emperors.

The firft, who receiv'd it in France, was Vigilius, Arch- bifhop of Aries, in order, as Pafquier obferves, to give hira the Precedence over the other Bifhops.

Antiently they went to Rome to feek it in Perfon ; after- wards, it was fent by the Pope's Legates. At lafl the Cuflom was introduced offending Perfons exprefs to demand it, with this Form, Infianter, Infantilis, Inftantiffime.

A Metropolitan, till he have received the Pallium, cannot confecrate Bifhops, or Churches, may not be call'd Archbi- fhop, fgc. Upon aTranflation he mutt have the Pallium a- frefh; and till then cannot hold a Syr.od, nor perform any of his Archiepifcopal Functions.

The Pallium was antiently interr'd with the Perfon.

The Ufe of the Pallium is reflrain'd to certain Seafons and Occafions ; none but the Pope having the Right of wearing it always and in all Places. The Pope fometimes fends it to Bifhops on bis own Accord ; and has fometimes given the Right hereof to particular Churches. Among the Greeks all the Bifhops wear the Pallium.

In ancient Titles, gfr. we find mention made of another Pallium, which was a long Garment fpread over with Croffes. Ternillian fays, itwas a diftinguifliing Garment of the Chrilti- ans ; that of the Heathens being called Tcga.

PALM, Palma, Span, an ancient Roman long Meafure, taken from the Extent of the Hand. See Measure.

The antient Roman Palma was of two Kinds : The Great Palm, taken from the Length of the Hand, contained n Fin- gers, Digits, or Finger's-Breadths; equal, according to Mam, to feven Englifi Inches, and eight Tenths. See Di g i t. '

The Small Palm, taken from the Breadth of the Hand, contained 4 Digits or Fingers, equal to two Englip Inches, and two Thirds.

Yet Qaviler makes the ancient Roman Palma to be equal to 9 French Inches, equivalent to eight Englifi Inches r -

The Greek Palm or Spitha was of two Kinds. The Small contained four Fingers, equal to 2 Inches }. The Great contain- ed 5 Fingers. The double Greek Palm, call'd 'Sichas, con- tained 8 Fingers.

The modern Palm is different in different Places where it obtains.

At Rome it contains 7 Inches r J: At Naples, according to Riccicli, 8 Inches : At Genoa, according to M. Petit, 8 Inches rl : At Morocco and Fez, 7 Inches T J : In Ldngv.edcc, and fome other Parts of France, the Palm is 8 Inches \.

At Leghorn there are two Kinds of palms, the one for Woollens, the other for Silks. The firft one Third fhorter than the latter.

PALMA, in Anatomy, thelnfide of the Hand. SeeHANP.

PALMS