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fame Limb of the Criminal. For the breaking of a Bone there were confiderable pecuniary Punimments afligned: For other Injuries only twenty AJfes were decreed, which the Poverty of thofe times thought a fufficient Penalty ; but the Fra: tors afterwards finding this too llender a Sa- tisfaction, in lieu thereof appointed the injured Pcrfon to feta Rate on thelnjury, which they afterwards increafed or lefl'cned as they thought good. The wordis derived from theLotJK Prepofition in, which here has a negative Power, and jus, Law, Right ; Injuria dicimr mnne quod non Jure fit. The Antients made a Goddefs of injury, and called her Ate. Homer makes her the Daughter of Jupiter, and lays, /lie did mifchief to every body, even to her Fa- ther ; tharlhe was very nimble and tender-footed, and walked altogether on Mens Heads, without ever touch- ing the Ground.

INK, the common Writing-Ink is a Compofition of Vi- triol, Galls, Gum and Water. Printing-Ink is made of Nut-Oil or Linfeed-Oil, Turpentine, and a kind of Black. Indian, or Chinefehik, isan admirable Competition, and has been in vain attempted to be imitated in Europe. It is not fluid like our Writing-Inks, but folid, like our Mi- neral Colours, tho much lighter. They make it of all Figure?, but the moll ufual is rectangular about a quar- ter of an Inch thick. Some of them are gilt with Figures of Dragons, Birds, Flowers, £S°c. In order to this, they have little wooden Molds, fo curiouily wrought, that we could hardly equal them in Metals. Before you ufe this Ink, there mill be a little hollow Marble, or other Stone, with Water in it, on which the Stick of Ink mull be ground, till the Water becomes of a fufficient Black- rel's. It makes a very black flurring Ink, and tho' it be apt to fink when the Paper is thin, yet it never runs or ipreads ; lo that the Letters are always fmooth. and even- ly terminated, how big foever they be. It is of great life in defigning, becaufe it may be weakened or di- rninimed to any degree one pleafes ; and there are abun- dance of things which can't be reprefented to the Life without ir. The Chinefe make it with Smoak-EIack of different kinds, but the bell is made of the Smoak of fat Pork, burnt at a Lamp. They mix a kind of Oil with it, to make it more fmooth, and add other odorous In- gredients to take away theRanknefs of the Smell. Af- ter they have mixed it into a Palle of a proper Confif- tence, they put it into a Mold to figure it.

INLAND, implies any thing fituated in the main Land, or Heart of a Country far from the Sea-Coal!s. Hence Inland Bills in Traffic are fuch Bills as are payable in the fame Land wherein they are drawn.

INMATES, are fuch Perfonsas are admitted (for their Money) to live in the fame Houfe with another Man, tho in different F-ooms, and which go in at the fame Door jointly with others to whom the Houfe belongeth, and which are not able to maintain themfelves. Thefe are inquirable in a Court-Leet.

INNATE HEAT. See Calidum Innatmn. INNATE IDEAS, or Principles, arc certain primary Notcsor Characters, fuppofed to be {lamped on the Mind of Man when it firll receives its Being, and which it brings into the World with it ; but the Doctrine of Innate Ideas\s abundantly confuted by Mr. Locke. See Idea.

INNINGS ; Lands recovered from the Sea, by drain- ing and banking, are fo called.

INNOCENTS DAY, the Name of a Feaft celebrated in Commemoration of the Infants murdered by Herod. heretofore it was the Cuilom to have Dances in the Churches on this Day, wherein were Perfons who reprefented Bi- Ihops, byway of Derifion of the Epifcopal Dignity. This appears b y a Canon of the Council of Cognac, held in 1260, which exprclly forbidsit.

1NNOMINATI, GU lnmminati, Amnymi, Perfons who have no Names ; a Title by which the Academills of Tar- ma dillinguifli themfelves. Molt Cities in Italy have an Academy, and each has its proper Name ; thus thofe at Taxma entitle themfelves Gli Innominati, as if it was their Name to have no Name at all.

INNOMINATUM, in general, fignifies any thing without a Name. Many Parts of the Body arc left under this indiltincT: Term, as the lnnominata Glandula Ocidi now called Canmcula Qculi. Sec Bye. lnnominata Tunica Ocidi. See Eye. Innominatum Os. See Ilium.

INNS. OurColleges of Municipal or Common Law, Profeffors, and Students, are ftill called Inns ; the old Engli/b word for Houfes of Noblemen, Bifhops, arid o- thers of extraordinary Note, which isof the fame Signifi- cation with the Trench word Hotel.

Inns of Court, are fo called, as fome think, becaufe the Students there are to ferve the Courts of Judicature or clfe becaufe antiently thefe Colleges received none 'but the Sons of_ Noblemen and better Yort of Gentlemen as Tortefcue affirms. Of thefe we have four ; viz. the two Temples, heretofore the Dwelling of the Knights-Templers

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purchafed by fome Profeffors of the Common Law about 500 Years ago ; and Lincolns-Inn and Grays-Inn, antiently belonging to the Earls of Lincoln and Gray. Thefe Socie- ties are no Corporations, nor have any Judicial Powerover their Members, but have certain Orders among them- felves, which have, by Confent, the force of Laws : for lighter Offences they are only excommoned, or put out of Commons ; for greater, they lofe their Chambers, and are expelled the College ; and when once expelled out of one Society, they are never received by any of the others. The whole Company of Gentlemen in each So- ciety may be divided into four Parts, Benchers, Utter- Barriilers Inner-Barrilters, and Students. See Bencher and hamper.

Inns of Chancery were probably fo called, becaufe an- tiently inhabited by fuch Clerks as chiefly lludied the forming of Writs, which regularly belonged to the Cur- fitors, who are Officers of Chancery. The firft of thefe is Ihavies-lnn, begun in the Reign of Edward III. and fince purchas'd by the Society of Lmcolns-Inn ; then Kew-I,m Clements-Inn ; Chjjords-bm, antiently the Houfe of the Lord Clifford; Staple-Inn, belonging to the Merchants of the Staple ; Lyons-Inn, antiently a common Inn with the Sign of the Lion; Furnhals-Inn, mi Bernards-Inn.

Thefe were heretofore preparatory Colleges for youn- ger Students, and many were entered here before they were admitted into the Inns of Court. Now they are moft- ly taken up by the Attorneys, Sollicitors, e?c. They belong all to fome of the Inns of Court, who fend yearly fome of their Barrillers to read to them.

_ INNUENDO, from innuo, to beck or nod with the Head, is a word frequently ufed in Wrirs, Declarations, and Pleadings. The Ufe of it is only to declare and afcer- tain the Perfon or Thing which was named, or left doubt- ful before; as he (innuendo, the Plaintiff) is a Thief, men- tion being before made of another Perfon. _ INOCULATION, in Agriculture, is a kind of Graft- ing, or an artificial Operation, by which the Bud of one Fruit-Tree is fet into the Stock or Branch of another, fo as to make different forts of Fruit grow on the fame Tree. There are various ways of performing this. The anticnt Method was by making a mallow Incilion in the Bark, where the Knot of a Shoot or Oculus (whence the Operation takes its Name) begins to bud forth, into which a promifing Shoot of another kind was inferted, and the Incifion clofed up with fat Earth or Clay. The Me- thod of Inoculation, now in the bell Repute, is as follows : They cut off a vigorous Shoot from the Tree that is to be propagated, a Month before or after Mdfianmer ; then chufe out a fmooth Place in the Stock (which mould not be of above three or four Years Growth) making a perpen- dicular Slit in the Bark a little above an Inch long, and an- other at right Angles to ir, at the lower end, to give way to the opening of the Bark. This done, the Bark is gently loofened from the Wood on both Sides with a Penknife, beginning at the bottom ; they then prepare the Bud, cut- ting it off from the aforefaid vigorous Shoot, and taking with it as much of the Wood above as below it, and as near as may be to the Length of the flit in the Stock. When the Bud is thus cut off, they take out the woody part of the Bud, and put the Bud itfelf in, between the Bark and the Wood of the Stock, at theCrofs-flit before open- ed, leading it upwards by the Stalk, where the Leaf grew, till it exactly clofes. They then bind it about with Wool- len Yarn, the better to make all Parts of it dole exact- ly, that the Bud mayimbody itfelf with the Stock, which it will do in three Weeks time. This Operation is faid to be bell performed in a cloudy Day, or in an Evening ; and tisobferved, that the quicker 'tis done, the better it fucceeds. This Praflice has the advantage of En » rafting in a great many refpeas, both as it is more fecure, it feldom failing of having effecF, efpecially if two or three Buds are put into the fame Stock, and as its Succefs is more readily difcovered. Indeed when large Stocks are to be praflifed on, Inoculation is not proper, and they are obliged to have recourfe to Grafting. This one Rule is obferved to hold univerfally, viz. that no Succefs is to be expected in Inoculation, if the Sap does not run well, that is, if the Bark won't part readily from the Wood of the Stock.

In a Phyfical Senfe, Inoculation is ufed for the Transplan- tation of Diflempers from one Subject to another, parti- cularly for the Ingraftment of the Small-Pox, which is a new Praflice among us, but of antient Original in the Eallem Countries. The beft Method of performing the Operation is as follows : After the Body is rightly dif- pofed and prepared, by proper Diet and Evacuations, two fmall Incifions are made, one in the mufcular part of the Arm, about the Place where an Iffue is ufually cut, and the other in the Leg of the oppofite Side ; then being provided of a fmall Quantity, as a Drop or lefs of well- concoQed variolous Matter, chofe from the dillincf or beft fort of Puftules, before the Turn of the Diitcmper, and

imbibed