Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/338

 PAC A Confonant, and thefifteenth Letter in the Eglifh Alphabet. See Lerten, Consonant, €c. When the is follow’d with an H in the fame 2 Word, it has the Sound of an F'; thus, Phibfophy is pronounced Frhfophy.

and B are fo like each other, that LQuintilian declares, that in the Word obtisuit, his Reafon required him to puta J, but that his Ears could hear nothing hut a ~, optiatit: Hence in ancient In{criptions, and old Gioffaries, it appears, thefe two Letters have been often confounded. See #

Several Nations ftill pronounce one for the other, the Ger- mous particularly, who fay, Ponzm vinnim for bonum vinum.

Plurerch obferves, it was ufual for thofe of Delphos to fay Barer tor murciv, Bixesy for muejv 5 and among the Latins,as of- tenas an 5 followed,the waschanged into a P, as feribo, feripfi.

in the fala Mufic frequently reprefents piczo; which is what in our Mufic we call jaft, i.e. the Force of Voice, or Inftrument,are to be diminifh’d,foas tomake a Kind of Eccho.

® P fignifies pi iano, i.e. more foft, or a fecond Eccho weaker or more remote than the former: and P P P figni- fics picniffino foftelt of all, or a third Eccho, the Voice being, as it were, loft in the Air.

P. M. among Aftronomers is frequently ufed for poft meri- dicm, ox Aficrnoon; and fometimes for poft mane, after the Morning, 2. ¢, after Midnight. Sec Morninc.

was alfo ufed among the Ancients as a Numeral Letter, fignifying the fame with the G, viz. an banded, according to the Verfe of Ugution,

P finilern cum G numerum monftrarur habere.

Tho’ Baroritis thinks it rather ftood for fevex. Sec what has been obferv’d, with refpe& to thefe Numeral Letters in general, under the Letter A.

When a Dafh was added a-top, 7, it ftood for four hun- dred Thoufand.

St. ‘ferom obferves, on Daniel, that the Hebrews had no P, but that the £2 ferv’d ’em inftead thereof. Adding, that thereis but one Word in the whole Bible read witha P, viz. apaduo.

®, in Prefcription, is ufed for Pugi/, orthe eighth Part of a Handful. Sec eats.

P. E. fignify Partes Equales, equal Parts of any Ingre- dients; otherwife denoted by 2 oranz. See Ana.

PP fignify Putws Parrum, i.e. ‘Fejuit’s Powder, or the Cortex in Powder ; which is fo caited,becaule firft brought into Europe by thofe Fathers. See Conrex.

PABULUMis fometimes ufed among Naturalifts for Fuel or that Part in combuftible Bodies, which the Fire immedi- ately teels on, or is fupported by. See Fine.

‘The oily or fulphurous Part of Fuels is the only proper Pa- Eulum, “Wis that alone, wherein Firecan inheree Sce Furc, Sotrntr, te,

PACALIA, a Feaft held among the ancient Rowans, in Honour of the Goddefs Pax, Peace.

Alaheluus, de Lott, Vergin. and Bibl, Porruz {peaking of the impure Fef:ivals and Ceremonies of the Hearvens, calls one of ‘em Fanatic, which Paflage Gronovius charges as faulty, alledging, that there was no Feaft of that Name, but that it fhould have been ‘Facahrz,

The Anciecuts, who perfonified, and even deified every ‘Thing, were not forgetful of Peace. She had an Altar at Rowe, and a ftately Temple, aud religious Rites were paid her with great Solemnity.

PACE, ‘Pfs, Step, a Meafare, taken from the Space be- tween the two Feet of a Man, in walking. Sec Measure.

The ordinary ‘Pace of a Manis two Foot and a Half. The Geometrical or German Pace is five Feet. Sce Foor,

The Ancient, Roman, and modem Italic Mile confifls of a thotfand Paces, Afille Paffiis, The French League is 3000 Paces, the Geran 4000. See Minx, Leacug, &€c.

PACE, in the Manage, isa certain Manner of Motion or Pro- greffion of a Horfe.

The Narurzl Paces of a Horfe are three, viz. the Walk, Trot, and Gallop, to which may he added an Avable 5 becanfe fome Horfes have it naturally. See each under its proper Ar- ticle, Trot, Gaxwop, §e.

For the artificial ‘Paces, fee Arrs.

Horfes that mix their Paces, 7. €. fhuffle betwixt a Walk and Ambie, &c, are feldom of any Value. The Defeé proceeds from their fretful, fiery Temper; and fometimes from a Weak- nefs either in their Reins or Legs.

Paces is more particularly underftood of that eafy low Mo- tion wherein the Horfe raifes the two Feet diametrically op- pofite at the fame time 5 call’d alfo Aimble. See AmBit.

PACIFIC, fomething feaceful, or free from Troubles, Tu- mult, 5c. See PEacEABLE.

Geographers call the South Sea, Mare Pacificum, the Paci- fic Oceans as being lef{s infelted with Storms than the Atlan- tic. M. Frezier affirms, it does not deferve that Appellation,

PAD

and that he has {een as violent Tempefts therein as in any other Sea: But Magellan, happening to have a very tavourable Wind, and not meeting with any thing to ruffie him, when he firft traverfed this vail Ocean in 1520. gave it the Name, which it has retained ever fince. Maty, however, adds, that the Wind is fo regular, that the Vefiels wou’d frequently go from Acapuico ro the ‘Philippine Wands, without thifting a Sail.

In the ancient Church, they gave the Name Paciyic Letters

to all Sorts of Letters ‘Teftimonial, given by the Bifhop or Chorepifcopus to their Priefts when they had occafion to tra- vel abroad, certifying thatthe Bearer was a Catholic, and in Communion with the Church. ‘The Life of Pope Sextzs I. taken from the Pontifical of Pope Davzafizi, mentions that Pope as the firft who introduced thofe Letters call’d Formate or Ca- none, Commnendatitie, Commnicatorie, Ecckfiaftice, & Pa- Cie.

/ PACIFICATION the A& of Re-eftablifhing the Peace and ‘Tranquillity.

‘The Word is particularly appropriated to the Periods put to the Religious Broils rais’d in Prazce, in the Year 1562, by the Edi& of Nantz; and the Civil Commotions, between the Ex glifh and Scots, ended in 1636. See Epic.

PACIFICATOR iscommonly underftood in the fame Senfe with Mediator: But Wicquefort makes a Difference.

The Peace being concluded between France and Exeglend, in 1621. the Inftruments on each Side were put in the Hands of certain Embaffadors, who had been employed as Pacijica- tors, not as Mediators 5 to bekepr till fuch ‘Time as the R ati- fications had been exchanged. So, the Archbifhop of Fife, the Duke of Z2Cany’s Embaffador at Mairid, was never eftcemed a Mediator, tho’ the Frencl) Embafladors ailow’d. him to be prefent at the Conferences held with the Commif- fioners ot Spaia, to 2& as a Pacificator of the Differences be- tween’em. ‘The Grand Duke had not offer’ his Mediation; nor wou'd France have accepted it. Wicquefort. p. 2. Sekt. 2.

PACK in Commerce. 4 Pack of Wool is a Horfe’s Load, containing 17 Stone, and 2 Pounds, or 240 Pound Weight. See SaneLar and Woor.,

PACT, PACTUM, or PACTION in Law, a Treaty, Co- venant or Convention between divers Parties. See CovE- NANT.

The Word is form’d of the Latin facifci, to bargain, a-

ec, &C. or The Lawyers fay, Ex nudo pakto nox oritur Lex. See Con- TRACT.

PACTUM, PACTIO, PACT is particularly ufed in the Civil Law, for the Confent of two or more Parties to the fame

‘Thing. Duoriee aut pluriam in iden confenfus, LUI. §. 2. ff de pattis.

There are two Species of Conventions, wiz. the Paft and. Controél. A Po& againft good Manners, againft publick or natural Eguity,is null.

PACTA Cozventa, in Poland, are the Articles agreed on between the King and the Republic ; and which they mutu- ally oblige each other to obferve.

PADDOCK or ‘Paddock-Courfé, a Piece of Ground, conve- niently taken out of a Park, ordinarily a Mile long, anda Quarter of a Mile broad, encompaffed with Pales, or a Wall, for the exhibiting of Races with Greyhounds for Wagers, Plates, orthe like. See Parr.

At one End of the Pa7<ock isa little Houfe, where the Dogs areto be enter’d, and whence they are flipp’d, near which are Pennsto inclofe two or three Deer for the Sport.

‘The Deer, when turn’d loofe, run all along by the Pale ; and the Speétators are placed on the other Side.

ae the Courfe are {overal Pofls, wiz. the Lasw-poft, 160 Yards from the Dog-houfe and Penns. The Quarter of Mile Poft, Half Mile Pof', Pinching-foft; and the Ditch, a Place mate toreceivethe Deer, and preferve *em from further Pur-

uit.

Near the Ditch, are placed Judges or Triers. The Keeper, to flipthe Dogs fairly, puts a falling Collar upon each, to flip thro” a Ring, and the Deer being turned loofe and put for- ward by a ‘Teazer, as foon as it is arrived at the Law-poft, the Dog-houfe Door is thrown open and the Dogs fippe

If, now, the Deer fwerve fo much, as that his Head is judg’d nearer the Dog-houfe than the Ditch, before he arrive at the Pinching-poft; iris no Match; but mutt be run over again three Days after. If there be no fuch Swerve, but the Deer runs flraight as far as the Pinching-poft, then the Dog neareft him, if he chance to fwerve, or by any Accident, be blanch’d ; or if there be no fuch Swerve, &%c. the Dog that leaps the Ditch firft, wins the Match.

PADUAN, among Medallists, 2 Modern Medal in Imitation of the Antique; or a new Medals ftruck with all the Marks and Characters of Antiquity See Medal. The 9 A