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that God independently of every thing, and antecedently to all Knowledge or Forefight of the Fall of the firft Man, refolved ro fignalke both his Mercy and his Juftice ; his Mercy, by creating a certain Number. of Men, to make them happy to all Eternity j and his Juftice, by creating Hkewifea Number of other Men, to be miferable to all Eternity. Others hold, that God did not take this Refolu- tion, but in confequence of Original Sin, and of the Know- ledge which he had from all Eternity, that Adam would commit it : for, fay they, Man, by this Sin, having for- feited all Pretences to his original Juftice, deferves no- thing now but Punifliment. All Mankind is become a Mais of Corruption, which God may abandon to eternal Deftruction, without any Impeachment of his Juftice. However, to /hew his Mercy too, as well as his Juftice, he has refolved to felect fomc out of this Mafs, to fanftify them, and to make them happy. Thofe who maintain the Doctrine in the firft manner, are called Supra-lapfarii, as believing that God formed the Refolution of damning a Number of Men, fupra Lapfum, before Adam's Fall, and independently of it. Thofe of the fecond Opinion, are called Iftfra-lagfarii, as holding that God made that Refo- lution, infra Lap/ton, after his Knowledge of the Fall, and in confequence thereof.

INFRA-SPIN ATUS, a Mufcle that arifes from the in- ferior Parts of the Bails, Spine, and Under-Cofta of the Scapula, and filling the lower Interfcapulum, paffes on between the Spine and Teres Minor in a triangular Form, and growing tendinous at the Cone, is infertcd into the Head of the Humerus, and draws directly backwards.

1NFULA, a Name antiently given tofome of the Pon- tifical Ornaments. Fefius tells us, that the bifida were Filaments or Fringes of Wooll, wherewith the Antients ■ufed to adorn their PrieOs, their Victims, and even their Temples. Several Authors confound the bifida with the Mitre, Tiara, or Cap wore bythePriefts ; but there was a great deal of Difference. The Infuta was properly a Fillet or Headband of white Wooll, covering that Part of the Head where the Hair grows, as far as the Temples, whence, on each Side, hung down two Strings, called Vtt- ta, to bind it withal j and this has given occafion to fome Authors to confound the fnfula with Vitta, The bifida was the fame thing to Prielts that the Diadem was to Kings, was. the Badge of their Dignity and Authority* The Dif- ference between the Diadem and the bifida eonfifted in this, that the Diadem was flat and broad, and the Infuta rounded and twifted.

INFUNDIBULUM,a Latin Word, fignifying a Funnel 5 whence many Parts in an human Body, having a Re- fernblance thereto in Shape, are thus called ; as the In- fundibttlum 'Cerebri, and Infundibidum Renttm 5 for which fee Brain and Kidneys : and fome Parts of Plants, for the fame reafon, are called Inftmdtbuliformts, See Flowers.

INFUSION is a Part of Pharmacy* whereby the Vir- tues of Plants, Roots, and the like, are drawn out, by letting them fteep in fome convenient Menftruum. In- fujion is ufed in Bodies of a lax Texture, whofe Parts are fo light, as not to admit of a greater Motion, without hazard of flying away in Vapour, Its Ufe is to commu- nicate the Virtues out of Bodies to Liquors, either in or- der to augment their Force, or correct their ill Qualities. Some Infufions are made in common Water, others in Wine, "Vinegar, Milk, Spirit of Wine, &c.

Infufion is alfo ufed to fignify the Action of conveying a Liquor into the Body by the Veins. Some Phyficians have found out anew Method of Purging, by infufing a Cathar- tic into the Veins, which operates pretty much after the manner of a Clyfler.

INGEMINATED FLOWERS, are when one Flower ftands on, or naturally grows out of another.

INGENIT, inborn, dignifies any Difeafe, or Habit, that comes into the World with a Perfon, and is nearly the fame with Hereditary.

INGENUOUS, among the Romans, was a Title ap- plicable to a Perfon who was born free, or of free Pa- rents. A Perfon was accounted ingenuous if only the Mother were free, and the Father a Servant. Thefe could give their Votes, and enjoy Offices, from which the Liberty or Freed Men, &c. were debarred. Ifidore fays, they are called Jngemti qui Libertatem babentin Genere, non inFa&o, who are born free, not thofe who acquire their Freedom.

Ingenuous is fometimes alfo ufed to fignify the Native of a Country, in contradiction to a Foreigner.

INGLUVIES, or Crop, a part which in granivorous Fowls ferves for the immediate Reception of the Food, where it remains fome time for Maceration, before it be tranfmitted to the Stomach. This bigluvies is furni/hed with Glands, which, the Patrons of Fermentation main- tain, convey a Menftruum thither, that impregnates the Aliment, and ferves inftcad of Maftication.

INGOT is a little Wedge or Mafs of Gold and Silver* or an uncertain Quantity of Bullion. ■ ■

INGREDIENTS are all the Simples which go into the Composition of any Medicine, Ointment, Sauce, $gc.

INGRESS, in Aitronomy, fignifies the Sun's entering the firft Scruple of one of the iour Cardinal Signs, efpe~- cially Aries. . ■.

INGRESSU, in Law, a Writ of Entry, whereby a Perfon feeks Entry into Lands or Tenements. It lies in various Cafes, and has various Forms.

INGROSSATOR MAGNI ROTULI, is the fame as Clerk of the Pipe, which fee. ,. fJ( - ---^jjBB

INGROSSER, in Common Law, is one that"* buys Corn growing, or any Provifions, before the Market, to fell again 5 it alfo fignifies a Clerk, who writes Records or Instruments of Law in Skins of Parchment.

INGUENis that Part of the Body, reaching from the Head of the Thigh to above thefecret Parts, and is com- monly called the Groin. Inguinalis is given to any Sub- divisions made of that Part,. or any thing therein con- tained, or applied thercuntb by way of Medicine, or the like. The word is pure Latin, and is derived, according to fome, from Vnguen, Ointment, becaufe thefe Parts are frequently anointed. Others derive it from ango, becaufe Pains happen frequently there 5 others again from ingenor, becaufe the genital Parts are here.

INHARMONICAL RELATION is a Term in Mufic. See Relation inharmonical,

INHERENCE, a Term in Philofophy, applied to the Juncture or Connexion of an Accident with its Subftance. Thus Quantity has a neceflary Inherence with a natural Body. '

INHERITANCE i 5a Perpetuity in Lands and Tene- ments to a Man and his Heirs : This word Inheritance is not only underftood where a Man hath Inheritance of Lands and Tenements by Defcent or Heritage, but alfo every Fee-Simple and Fee-Tail, that a Man "hath by his Purchafe, may be faid to be by Inheritance, for that his Heirs may inherit after him.

INHIBITION is a Writ to inhibit or forbid a Judge from farther proceeding in the Caufe depending before him j fometimes Prohibition and Inhibition are put toge- ther : but Inhibition is moft commonly a Writ jffuing out of a higher Court to a lower and inferior ; and Prohibi- tion out of the King's Court to an inferior Court.

INJECTION, in Pharmacy, is any liquid Medicine made to be injected by a Syringe, Clyfter-Pipe, or any other Inftrumcnt into any Part of the Body. It is likewife a common Term for filling the VeCTels with coloured Wax, or any other proper Matter, to Hvw their Fi- gures and Ramifications; a thing frequent among Ana- to milts.

INITIALIA, a Name antiently given to the Myfteries

of Ceres. See Cerealia.

INITIATED, a Term properly ufed in fpeaking of the Religion of the antient Heathens, where it fignifies to be admitted to a Participation of the Myiteries of Re- ligion 5 tho' the word is alfo fometimes ufed in fpeakinw ot other Religions, and even of Philofophy and other Sciences. The Antients never difcovered the deeper My- fteries of their Religion, nor even permitted fome of their Temples to be open to any but thofe who had been initiated in certain Orders. The word comes from the Latin initiatus, of initiart, initiari. Initiari properly fi<*ni- nes to begin facrificing, or to receive or admit a Perfon to the beginning of Myileries, or of Ceremonies of lefs im- portance. Cafaithn, upon Atheiueus, obferves, that all die Myiteries were not communicated at once to the Perfons who prefented themfelvesfor the Priefthood, but that at firft they purified them, then admitted them to the lefs coniiderable Matters to difpofe them for the more impor- tant, and at laft they drew the Veil quite, and laid open all the moft facred and folemn Parts of Religion.

INJUNCTION is a Writ grounded upon an interlocu- tory Order in Chancery, fometimes to give pofTeffion to the Plaintiff, for want of the Defendant's Appearance ; fometimes to the King's ordinary Court, and fometimes to the Court-Chriftian, to Hop Proceedings in a Caufe, upon Suggeftion made, that the Rigour of the Law, if it take place, isagainft Equity and Confcience in that Cafe.

INJURY, in the general meaning of the word, fignifies any thing contrary to Juftice and Equity. The Civilians define Injury a private Offence, committed defignedly, and with an evil Intention, to any Man's Prejudice. The Author of the Rhetorics to Herenmus fays, Injuria eft q l{ <? (tut Pulfatione, aut Convicio,. aut Turfitudine, Corpus, Jures aut Fit am alien jus viola-sit. Action on an Injury [ s annual that is, ho Reparation could be required after the Ex- piration of a Year. By the Law of the twelve Tables, where the Injury was the breaking of a Limb, the injured Perfon might demand Ta/ionem, that is, he might break the"

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