Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/324

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" Jufiler prov'd inexorable to the lift; if they gain it,

•' why then Minerva at length prevail'd."

OuicLES of the Sibyls, fee Sibylline Oracles. OKAL, fomething deliver'd by the Mouth or Voice. In this fenfe we fay, Oral Tradition, &c. See Tradi- tion.

ORANGE, a Fruit, too well known to need a particular Description ; yet yielding too many Kinds of Merchandize, to be pafs'd over.

The Latins call it Aurantium or tMtm aureum, Golden .Apple, from its Colour.

Oranges are ordinarily brought from Nice, Ciouta, the Iiles of the Uteres, Genoa, Provence, Portugal, the American I- (lands, and even China and the Coafts of India.

They were firft brought into Europe from China, by the jPormguefe ; and 'tis faid the very Tree, whence all the Eu- ropean Orange-~Xte.es were produe'd, is Hill preferv'd at Lif- lon, in the Houfe of the Count S. Laurent.

Thofe moS efteem'd, and that are made Prefents of as Rarities, in the Indies, are no bigger than a Billiard-Bali ; when fwcctcn'd with a little Sugar, they are efteem'd ex- cellent for Diforders of the Breaft.

Oranges are ordinarily comfited in Halfs and Quarters. They are firft peel'd, then fcoop'd and dry'd in a Stove.

Orangeat is the Orange-Fad cut in pieces and candied. Italy furnifhes a great deal of Flower of Oranges, either dry or liquid.

The Water of Flower of Oranges, call'd Water of Kapha, comes moftly from Provence. To be good, it mutt be very bitter, and not above a Year old.

There are various Oils drawn from Oranges : The Oil of Neroli is the Produce of the Flowers by Diftillation. That drawn from the Skin by Water and an Alembic, is altogether as good. There is alfo an Oil drawn from lit- tle Oranges, or Orangekttes, by fleeping them five or fix Days in common Water, and diddling them with the fame Water in an Alembic. Thefe Oils are all efteem'd good for deflroying of Worms in Children ; but are very apt to be fophifticated with Oil of Ben, or that of fweet Al monds.

Orangeade, a Drink made of Orange-Juice, Water, and Sugar.

Lemery fays, it may be given to People in the height of a Fever.

Orange Colour, is a Colour that partakes equally of Red and Yellow ; or is a Medium between the two. Sec Colour.

In Heraldry, the Term Orange is given in Blazon to all Round ks that are Tennc or Tazoney.

ORANGERY, a Gallery in a Garden, or Parterre ; ex- pos'd to the South ; but well clofed with a Glafs Window, to preferve the Oranges in, during the Winter Seafon.

Orangery is alfo ufed for the Parterre, where the Oranges arc expos'd in kindly Weather. The Orangery of I'erf utiles is the moil magnificent that ever was built.

ORATION, a Speech, or Harangue, framed according to the Rules of Oratory ; and fpoke in public. See Ora- tory.

All the Kinds of Orations may be redue'd to three Heads : viz. the Demonftrative, the Deliberative, and the Judicial.

To the demonstrative Kind belong, Panegyrics, Geneth- liaca, Epithalainia, Epicedia, EuchariJiU, Epinecia, and Con- gratulations. See Panegyric, Genethliac, tj?c.

To the deliberative Kind belong, Perfuafion, DiJ/iiafton, Exhortation, and Commendation.

To the judicial Kind belong, Accttfation, Confirmation, Con- futation, &c. See each under its proper Article, Confirma- tion, &c.

ORATORY, the Art of fpeaking well ; the fame with Rhetoric : the difference between the two being only in the Names ; the firft of which is Latin, the other Greek. See Rhetoric.

Oratory is alfo ufed among the Romanijls, for a Clo- fet, or little Apartment.in a large Houfe, near a Bed- chamber, furni/h'd with a little Altar, or an Image, for private Devotion.

The antient Oratories were little Chappels, adjoining to Monafterics, wherein the Monks faid their Prayers e'er they had any Churches. Several little Councils and Synods have condemn'd the Ufe of private Oratories. SecCliAPPEL.

In the Vlth and Vllth Centuries, Oratories were little Churches, frequently built in Church- yards ; withouteither Baptiftcry, Cardinal Prieft, or any public Office 3 the Bi- Ihop fending a Prieft to officiate occafionally.

Oratory is alfo ufed for a fort of Society, or Congre- gation of devout Perfons ; who form a kind of Monailery, and live in Community ; but without being oblig'd to make any Vows : Thus,

P'iefts of the Oratory, are a Community of Secular Friefls, who live together in a Monaftic Manner, but with- out any Vows ; firft eftablifh'd at Rome, about the Year j ;i)0, by S. Philip Neri, a Florentine, under the Title of 0- ratory of Sanfla Maria in the falicelk.

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On the Model of this, the Cardinal Berulle eftabliih'd i Congregation of the Oratory of Jefus in IrTli, i„ fance - which has Cr.ce increased, f /hat there are now 6o Hull of Priejis of the Oratory. numts

„„J h F?, 1 rT d ! fference > h ™«er, between the Italian, and Rench Inftitutions : S. Philip Ner i, to prevent the Confufion which the great Number of Houfes ufually oc- cafion m Congregations j would have his to be a finale, Houfe. And tho' others were at liberty ,0 form the like another 8 "" " 8 ' ye ' y ft ° Uld W n ° kpefKW on one

For this reafon, the Houfes of the Oratory i„ Italy and Flanders are all Independent; whereas thofe in F™ J have a Relationto each other, and all depend on the fame I 'u °^n S ' he Q - Ual ">' of Superior General; and with three Affiftants, governs the whole Congregation. S-e Congregation.

°?B», °*««. in Aflronomy, a Spherical Body, or Space contain d under two Superficies; the one Concave, the o- ther Convex. See Sphere.

The antient Aitronomers conceiv'd the Heavens, as con- fiding of feveral vaft, azure, tranfparent Orbs, inclos'd in one another : Or vaft Circles, which in their Area include the Bodies of the Planets; the Radii whereof are com- pnzd between the Centre of the Earth, and the highefl: Point to which the Planet rifes ; fuppofing the Earth to be in the Centre. SeeHEAWENs.

There s.k Orhs Concentric, i.e. having the fame Centre 5 and Orbs Excentric. See Concentric, (£c. _ The Magnus Orbis, or Great Orb, is that wherein the Sun is fuppos d to revolve ; or rather that wherein the Eanh makes its annual Circuit. See Orbit.

Ore,, in Aftrology. An Orb of Light is a certain Sphere or Extent of Light, which the Aftrologers allow a Planet beyond its Centre.

They fay, that provided the Afpefls do but fall within this Orb, they have almoft the fame eiFefl, as if they poin- ted directly againft the Centre of the Planet. See A-


 * >PECT.

The Orb of Saturn's Light they make to be 10 Degrees - that of Jup iter 1 a. that of Mars 7°, 30'. that of the Sun 1 1° that of Venus 8 ?. that of Mercury 7 °. that of the Moon 1 1° ' 30'.

ORBICULARE Os, Orbicular Bone, in Anatomy, is one of the Bones of the inward Ear ; tied by a (lender Ligament to the Sides of the Lobes of the Ear ; and named from its Figure, which is round. See Ear.

It was firft difcover'd by Fran. Syhius : Its Ufe is in the Extenfion and Relaxation of the Tympanum. See Tym- panum.

_ ORBICULARIS, or ConffriBor Labiorum, in Anatomy is one of the Mufcles of the Lips. See Constric- tor.

The Orbicularis _ is fingle; its Fibres make a Ring about the Mouth, and ferve to conftringe and draw up the Lips and by that means to (hut the Mouth, £s?c. It alfo ferve's to advance, or ftretch them outwards ; and has the chief part in the Action of Rifling. Whence it is alfo call'd Ofculatorius, or the Rifling Mufcle.

Verheyen will not have it one Mufcle, but a Pair, whofe Fibres meet, and join at both Corners of the Mouth ; tho' other Authors are unanimous in making it fin°'c and call it a SphinBer. See Sphincter.

Orbicularis, or Deprimens Palpebrarum, is a Mufcle fpringing from each Corner of the Eye, and anfwer'd by another of like Figure and Structure in the lower Eye-lid ; which are thetefore often confider'd as one Orbicular Muf- cle. See Eye-lid.

Its Fibres inviron the Eye-lids, and are inferted into 'em, not unlike the Sphinflers of other Parts. It is faften'd to that part of the Margin of the Orbit, towards the Nofe, made by the fourth Bone of the upper Jaw.

ORBIT, in Aftronomy, the Path of a Planet or Comet ; or the Line defcrib'd by its Centre in its proper Morion in the Heavens. See Planet, ££c.

The Sun's, or rather the Earth's Orbit, is the Cune which it pafl'es along in its annual Revolution ; call'd the Ecliptic. See Ecliptic.

The Orbit of the Earth, and that of all the primary Planets, is an Ellipfis ; in one of whofe Foci, the Sun is placed ; in which Ellipfis they move according to this Law, that a Radius drawn from the Centre of the Sun to the Centre of the Planet, always defcribes Areas proportional to the Times. See Earth, Sun, £=?c.

The antient Aflronomers made the Planets defcribe cir- cular Orbits, with an uniform Velocity. Copernicus himfelf could not believe they fhould do otherwife ; Fieri Health, fays he, tit Coslefte corpus [implex uno Orbe ineaualiter moveatttr. So that to account for their Inequalities, they were obliged to have recourfe to Eccentrics and Epicycles ; from the embarrafs whereof, Copernicus himfelf could not entirely dif- intangle himfelf. See Epicycle, iSc

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