Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/311

 OLI

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OMB

OLERON-LflffiJ, or the Sea-Lams o/Oleron, area Set of antient Laws, relating to Maritime Affairs, made by K. Richard I. See Law.

They are thus calVd, becaufe made in the Oleron, an Ifland in the Bay of Jauitaine, at the Mouth of the River Charent. ,

OLFACTORY Nerves, in Anatomy, the firft Pair of Nerves fpringing out of the Medulla oblongata 5 fo call'd as being the immediate Instruments of Smelling. See Smelling.

The Antients call'd them Procejfus Tapillares 3 which Dr. Drake thinks a morefuitable Name, till their arrival at the O s Cribrofum ; in regard they rather appear Productions of the Medutta oblongata, than diftinftNerves j againft which, their manifeft Cavities, and their Communication with the Ventricles, argue. See Medulla oblongata.

The OlfaUary Nerves have their Rife juft below the Os frontis, and are distributed in the Membranes of the Nofe. SeeNERVE.

OLIBANUM, in Pharmacy, a kind of Gum, or Refin, ufually call'd male t'raiifancmfe. See Incense.

It has its name Olibanum, quafi oleum Libani ■> becaufe di- alling in form of an Oil, from a Tree on Mount Libanon.

It is brought to us in large white Tears, bordering a little on the yellow ; very heavy, of a /harp bitter Tatte, and a brisk Smell.

'Tis diftinguim'd from the female, or common Incenfe, by the largenefs of the Drops. 'Tis very glutinous, con- fequently {lengthening; and partakes enough of the Tur- pentine to render it fomewhat detergent; 'tis more ufed in compound Strengthening Plaifters, than in inward Compo- sitions.

OLIGARCHY, a Form of Government, wherein the Adminittration is in a few Perfons 5 fuch are the States of Venice and Genoa.

The Oligarchy amounts to the fame thing with an A- riftocracy. See Aristocracy.

The Word is form'd from the Greek oAiy©-, few ; and atfXfl* Command, Government.

OLIO, or Oclio, a favouryDifti, or Food, compofed of a great variety of Ingredients.

The Forms of Olio's are various 5 to give a Notion of the ftrange Aflemblage, we ihall here add one from an approved Author.

Take Rump of Beef, Neat's Tongues boil'd and dry d, and Bo/oamSaufages; boil 'em together, and after boiling two Hours, add "Mutton, Pork, Venifon, and Bacon, cut in bits 5 as alfo Turnips, Carrots, Onions, and Cabbage, Borage, Endive, Marigolds, Sorrel, and Spinage; then Spices, as Saffron, Cloves, Mace, Nutmeg, jggto This done, in another Pot put a Turkey or Goofe, with Capons, Pheafants, Widgeons, and Ducks, Partridges, Teals, and Stockdoves, Snipes, Quails, and Larks, and boil them in Water and Salt. In a third Veffel, prepare a Sauce of white Wine, ftrong Broth, Butter, Bottoms of Arti- chokes and Chefnuts, with Colliflowers, Bread, Marrow, Yolks of Eggs, Mace and Saffron. Laftly, dilh the Olio t by firft hying out the Beef and Veal, then the Venifon, Mutton, Tongues, and Saufages, and Roots over all 5 then the largeft Fowls, then the fmallefl, and laftly pour on the Sauce.

OLITORY, a Kitchen-Garden, or a Garden of Herbs, Roots, S?c* for Food. See Garden.

OLIVAR1A Corpora, in Anatomy, are two Protuberances in the under part of the Brain, placed on each fide the Corpora Tyramidalia, towards the lower end ; having their Name from their Figure, which refembles that of an Olive. See Brain.

OLIVE, a Stone-Fruit, which yields plenty of Oil ; the Produce of the Olive-Tree. See Oil.

There are three Kinds of Olives, frequently fold ; diffe- rent in Size and Goodnefs ; viz,, thofe of Verona, which are the beft ; thofe of Spain ; and thofe of Provence.

ThzOlhes, while on the Tree, are intolerably bitter, without any thing of that delicious Tafte which procures them admittance at the richeft Tables. To fit 'em for that, they mull be prepared as follows.

"Manner of Treparing, or Tickling Olives.

In the Month of June and July, long e'er the Olives are fit to yield their Oil, they are gather'd, and laid to fteep fome days in frefh Water 5 when taken out, they are put in another Water prepared with Barillia, or Kali, with Afh.es of Olive-Stones calcined 5 or at leaft with Lime.

They are next laid in a Liquor of Water and Salt, with which they are put in thofe little Barrels, wherein they are brought to us. To give 'em the Flavour, they throw over 'em an EtTence ufually compofed of Cloves, Cinna- mon, Coriander, and Fennel. This Effence is a kind of

Secret among thofe who deal herein ; and, in effect v in this that all the difficulty of the Preparation lies.

"Manner of Drawing Oil of Olives.

The Olivet being gather'd, are laid for fome time on the Ground to drain, and to ripen further 5 they are then ground into a Paite with a Mill-itcne: The Paile is put in large Frails, and boiling Water poured over them. Laftly the whole is prefs'd ; by means whereof the Oil is eafi/y fe- parated, and fwims a- top of the Water.

OLivE-Co/oar, is a yellow, mingled with black. The Term is chiefly ufed in fpcaking of the Teint of the Com- plexion. The Spaniards and Indians are rarely white ; ge- nerally 0/ixe-complexion'd,

OESTRUM Veneris, Extafyof Defire, or Love 5 aTerm fometimes given the Clitoris, from the lafcivious Titillation it is capable of. See Clitoris.

OLYMPIAD, in Chronology, aSpace, or Period of four Years 5 whereby the Greeks reckon'd their Time. See Epoch A.

This Method of Computation had its Rife from the Olym- pic Games, which were celebrated every fourth Year near the City Ftfa 7 or Olympia, in Peloponnefus. See Olym- pic.

The firft Olympiad commenced, according to fome in the Year 35138 ot the Julian Period ; the Year from the Creation 3208 5 the Year before Chrift 776 ; and 23 Years before the Foundation of Rome : Or rather, as others will have it, in the Year of the World, 3251; the Year of the Julian Period, 304.1 ; and 23 Years before the Buildino of Rome.

The Teloponnefian War begun on the firft Year of the 87th Olympiad. Alexander the Great died the firft Year of the 114th ; and Jefus Chrift was born the firft Year of the 195th Olympiad.

The Olympiads were alfo call'd Anni Iphiti, from lphitus who instituted, or at leaft renewed the Solemnity of the' Olympic Games,

We don't find any Computation by Olympiads after the 364th, which ended with the Year of Chrift 440.

In a Charter of our K.Ethelbert, the Years of bis Reign are reckoned by Olympiads.

OLYMPICS, or Olympic Games, were folemn Games famous among the antient Greeks 5 initituted, according to* fome, by Hercules in honour of Jupiter i and held every 4-th Year, or every 49th Month, on the Banks of the Al- pbeus, near Olympian City of Mis 5 to exercife their Youth in five Kinds of Combats. See Games.

Thefe Games became fo considerable, that the Greeks made 'em their Epocha ; diftinguiftiing their Years by the Returns of the Olympics. See Olympiad.

Thofe who were Conquerors in them, were fo honour'd by their Country-men, that at their Return, a piece of the Wall of the City was pull'd down to give paflage to their Chariot. The Prize contended for, was a Crown of Laurel. See Olymp ionics.

Olympic J-ire, is fometimes ufed for the Fire arifing from the Sun's Rays collected in the Focus of a Burning- Glafs. See Fire and Burn lNG-Glafs.

GH OLYMPICI, the Title of the Academiflsof^ccffsifl, in Italy. See Academy.

OLYMPIONICI, Olympionics, in Antiquity, an Ap- pellation given to thofe who came off Victorious in the Olympic Games. See Olympic.

The Olympionics were infinitely honour'd in their Country, as being eftcem'd to have done it immortal Honour. The Athenians particularly, were fo lavifh in their Prefents to the Olympionics their Country-men, that Solon found it ne- ceffary to reftrain their Liberality by a fpecial Law, which imported that the City Should give 500 Drachma's to the Olympionics 5 which amounted to about 5S Ounces of Silver, our Weight. No very considerable Sum,

OMBRE, a celebrated Court-Game at Cards ; play'd by two, by three, or by five Perfons 5 but generally by three.

In Ombre by three, nine Cards are dealt to each Party ; the whole Ombre Pack being only 40 ; by reafon rhe Eights, Nines, and Tens are th rown afide : He that wins, mutt take five Tricks, or four when the other five are divided, fo as one have two, and the other three.

The Game of Ombre is borrow'd from the Spaniards -• and requires all the Phlegm and Gravity of that People in the playing. The Name fignifies as much as the Game of Man ; Ombre, or Hombra, in SpaniJL, Signifying Man, in al- lufion to the Thought, and Attention requir'd herein. We iliall here give an Idea of the Oeconomy thereof.

In Ombre by three j after the Cards are dealt, if none of the Parties think their hand ftrong enough to attempt for the Stake or Game, they all pafs $ and, after fomething out down to the former Stake, deal over again. If any

will