Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/309

 OGI

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OIL

Such are the Lord Steward, Lord Chamberlain, Lord Rofe, or&Culde Lamfe, The Members or Mouldings of

Treafurer, l$c. _ % the Ogives are callM Serves, Branches, or Reins; and the

The white Staff is taken for a Commiflion ; and at the Arches which feparate the Ogives, double Arches. See

Death of the King, the Officers break their Sraff over the Vault.

Hearfe made for the King's Body, and thereby difcharge OGRESSES, or Agresses, in Heraldry, fee Pel-

their inferior Officers.

OFFICIAL, in the Canon-Law, the Bifhop's Deputy, or Lieutenant ; or an Ecclefialtical Judge appointed by a Bi- ihop, Chapter, Abbot, £#c. See Court.

Of thefe there are two Kinds ; the one, as it were, Vicar-General of the Church ; exercifing Jurifdicfion throughout the whole Diocefe, call'd by the Canonifts Officiates Principalis $ in our Statute-Law the Bifhop's Chan- cellor. See Chancellor.

LETS.

OIL, a fatty, uncluous, inflammable Matter, drawn from feveral natural Bodies. See Fat.

The word Oil is fometimes apply'd to the Juices which diflil naturally from Plants and Trees 5 as Balm, &c. but more flriftly to thofe Juices drawn by Exprefiion from Plants, Fruits, Grains, or Seeds ; as Oil of Olive, Nut-Oil, Sic. See Expression.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Oleum, of Olea,

There is no Appeal from his Court to the Bifhop 5 his Olive-Tree, the Fruit whereof abounds in fuch Juice. See

being eiteem'd the Bifhop's Court. See Bishop's Conn. Olive.

The other kind, call'd Officialis Fbranetts, as having his The Kinds of Oils, their Properties, Manners of Ex-

Jtmfdi&ionjfcrw, &extra Civ'ttaiem, is erecfed by the Bifhop predion, &c, are almoft infinite: For the generality of

when the Diocefe is very large; having a certain Extent of them, the Reader isrefer'd to the proper Articles ; fuch

Territory affign'd him, wherein herefides. as could not be more conveniently inferred, are as follow.

This Official has but a limited Jurifdiftion, tho he have Oil of Olives, is the mod popular, and mofl univerfal of

temverjitmem Cattfarum, and exercife it in the Bifhop's Name, all others 5 being that chiefly ufed in Medicine, in Foods

Our Statute Laws call him Commiffary. See Commis- Salads, and in the Manufactures. See Salad, ££c.

sary. It is drawn from Olives by Prcffes or Mills made for the

The Bifhops, efpecially thofe of large Sees, finding purpofe. The Fruit is gather'd when at its utmoft Matu-

themfetves opprefs'd with a multiplicity of Bufinefs 5 at rity in December and January, as it begins to redden ; when

fir 11, difcharg'd a part of it upon their Archdeacons and 'tis nut under the Mill, as foon as gather'd, it yields that

Priefts ; to whom they gave Commiflions revocable at Oil lo very fweet, and of fo charming an Odour, call'd

pleafure. Thefe they call'd Vicarii, or Officiales. Virgin-Oil. But, as the Olives newly gather'd yield but

As we don't meet with this Term any where before the little Oil, thofe who rather regard Quantity than Goodnefs

Conltitutions of Sextus, 'tis pretty apparent the Cuftom had leave them on the Ground for fome time, e'er they prefs

not its Rife till the End of the 13th Century. them.

In procefs of Time, the Function was divided into two ; Neither the Smelt nor Tafle of this fecond Oil is very

and the Title Official given to thofe with whom the Bifhop agreeable; tho there is a third Kind ftill worfe, whichis

entrulted the Exercife of litigious Juflice ; and that of the common Oil procured by throwing boiling Water on the

Vicars General, or Grand Vicars, to thofe who had the Preffings, and repreffing them more ffrongly.

voluntary Jurifdi£lions. The confumption of this Oil is incredible; the South

The Number of Officials was foon exceflively multiply'd ; Parts of France, Provence, Languedoc, &c. as alfo Candia

and not only Bifhops, but Chapters and Archdeacons would fome Parts of Italy, &c, yield vaft Quantities. Its ufe

have their Officials. every body knows ; it being reputed one of the moil uni-

The Officials, by degrees, had drawn to their Cognizance verfally ufeful things in the whole World,

and Jurifdicfion, mofi of the Civil Caufes 5 till they were Oil of fweet Almonds, cold drawn, or without Fire, is

taken out of their hands by Appeals, t3c. prepared various ways. Some peel the Almonds as they

Official, in Common Law, is a Deputy appointed by pound 'em; others pound 'em without peeling. Some

an Archdeacon for the executing of his Jurifdiclion. warm 'em in luke-warm Water; others in balnea Marine 9

OFFICIALTS", the Court, or Jurifdiction, whereof the fome only bruife 'em; others beat 'em into a Parte. In

Official is Head. effect there are as many different ways of preparing this

The Practice of Officialties is now reduced into a little Oil, as there are Perfons who make it their bufinefs to pre-

Compafs ; and Aciions of Promifes, and Diffolutions of pare it.

Marriages, are the principal things tranfacied therein. In this diverfity, Pomet gives us a Method eafierand lefs

OFFICINAL, in Pharmacy, a Term apply'd to fuch expenfive than any of the reft ; which, it ihould feem, we

Medicines, whether Simple or Compound, as the College cannot do better than follow, of Phyficians requires to be conftantly kept in the Apo-

thecarys Shops, ready to be made up in extemporaneous Method oj 'procuring Oil of fweet Almonds by Expreffion,

Prefcription. Sec Prescription.

The officinal Simples are appointed, among us, by the College of Phyficians ; and the manner of making the Compofitions directed in their Difpenfatory. See Dispen- satory, Composition, &c.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Officina, Shop.

without Fire.

Take a Pound and a half of peel'd fweet Almonds, new and dry ; after pounding 'em in a Mortar, pafs 'em thro' a coarfe Sieve, lay 'em in a Hair-Cloth, and put 'em under the Prefs between two Plates of Copper, Steel, or the like ; OFFING, in the Sea-Language, that part of the Sea a prefs 'em gently ; and when all the unctuous and fluid good ditlance from Shore ; where there is deep Water, and Part isexprefs'd, you will have a fweet Oil without any Se- no need of a Pilot to conduct, the Ship into Port. diments, which is fcarce avoidable in any of the other

Thus if a Ship from Shore be feen failing out to Sea- manners, ward, they fay fhe (lands for the Offing ; and if a Ship ha- Palm Oil, or Oil of Senegal, a thick unctuous Liquor, of

ving the Shore near her, have another a good way without a yellow Colour, and a Violet-fmell ; fo call'd becaufe her, or towards the Sea, they fay, that Ship is in the drawn, by Ebullition or by Expreffion, from the Fruit of a Offing. kind of Palm-Tree, growing in feveral Places of Africa, efpe-

OFF-SET3, in Gardening, &c. a're young Shoots that cially in Senegal. fpring, and grow from Roots that are round, tuberous, or The Africans ufe this 0//as we do Butter ; and burn it

hen old. In Europe 'tis efteem'd a fovereign Remedy againft cold Humours ; and even faid to give eafe in the Gout. 'Tis fometimes counterfeited with Wax, OH of

bulbous

The Word is alfo ufed for the Ioofe, outer, brown Skii in Tulips, Onions, l£c.

Off-Sets, in Surveying, are Perpendiculars let fall, Olives, Iris, and Turmeric ; but the Trick is found out and meafur'd from the Stationary-Lines, or the Lines be- either by Air or Fire. The Air alters the Colour of the tween one Station and another, to the Hedge, Fence, or Genuine, and leaves the Counterfeit unchanged ; and on

the contrary, Fire changes the Counterfeit, not the Ge-

Extremity of the Inclofure. See Surveying OGEE, or O G, as it is fn.qu.mtly wrote, or OGIVE,

Architecture, a Moulding, confiding of two Members, the

one concave, and the other convex ; the fame with Cy-

matittm. SeeCYMATiUM.

Vitrwhs makes each Member a Quadrant of a Circle

nume.

Oil of C.vmomile, an Oil made with the Flowers of this Plant ileep'd in Oil of Olives, and expofed to the Sun in the heat of Summer : Its Colour is blueifh 5 fome add fine Turpentine. It is the mod efteem'd when old. 'Tis

Scamozz,!, and fome others, make them fomewhat flatter, ufed for the cure of feveral kinds of Wounds ; and is re- andfti ike them from two equilateral Triangles. puted a kind of Bairn.

Oil of Petrol, feeNAPHTA.

Its Form bears fome rcfemblance to that of an S Ogive is alfo ufed for an Arch, or Branch of a Gothic Vault, which, in lieu of being Circular, paffes diagonally from one Angle to another, and forms a Crofs between the other Arches which makes the fide of the Square, whereof the Arches arc Diagonals. See Arch and Vault.

The middle, where the Olives cut or crofs each other, is call'd the Key, which

Oil of Amber, feeA^

Oil of Antimony, or Butter of Antimony, fee Antii^on r.

Oil of Arfenic, or Butter of Arfenic, fee Arsenic.

Oil ofAfpic, or Spike, an OH drawn from the Flowers or

little Leaves of a Plant of the fame Name, growing in the

South Parts of France, refembling our Lavender. 'Tis of a

fometimes cut in form of a white Colour, and an aromatic Smell ; and is the only Oil

diflblvablp