Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/306

 ODO

(*??)

OEC

dar and Horace : fometimes on other Subjects ; as thofe- of Anacreon, Safho, &c.

The Englijb Odes are generally compofed in ptaife of Hero's and great Exploits ; as thofe of Prior, of 'Welfied,

&C. c. r

The diftinguifhing Character of the Ode is Svieetnefs : The Poet is to footh the Minds of his Readers by the variety of the Verfe, and the delicacy of Words, the beauty of Numbers, and the defcription of things moil de- lightful in themfelves. Variety of Numbers is effential to the Ode.

At firft, indeed, the Verfe of the Ode was but of one kind ; but for the fake of Pleafure, and the Mufic to which they were fung, they by degrees fo varied the Num- bers and Feet, that their Kinds are now almoft innumerable. Oi.e of the moil confiderable is the Pindaric, diftinguifh'd by the Boldnefs and Rapidity of its Flights. See Pin- daric.

The antient Ode had originally but one Stanza, or Stro- phe j but was at laft divided into three Parts : The Stro- fbe, Antiftrofhe, and Efode ; the Priefts going round the Altar finging the Fraife of the Gods, call'd their firft Entrance Strophe, i. e. turning to the left 5 the fecond, turning to the right, they call'd Antiftrofhe ; i, e. return- ing. And accordingly, the Song, in thofe different Places, was call'd Ode and Efode. See Stropije and Antistro-

PHE.

Laftly, Handing ftill before the Altar, they fung the re- mainder ; which they alfo call'd Efode. See Epode.

ODEUM, among the Antients, was a Placedetlined for the Reheatfal of the Mufic to be fung on the Theatre.

Odeum was alfo ufed for other Buildings that had no relation to the Theatre : Pericles built an Odeum at Athens, where mufical Prizes were contended for. Faufanias fays, that Herod the Athenian built a magnificent Odeum for the Sepulchre of his Wife.

The Latin Writers alfo ufethe Word Odeum fat the Choir of a Church. Grammarians are exceedingly in the dark about the fignification of the Word among the Antients.

ODIO iSi Atia, antiently call'd Breve de bono ($ male, is a Writ fent to the Under-Sheriff, to enquire whether a Man, being committed to Ptifon on fufpicion of Murder, be committed on Malice, or JHWW, or uponjuft fufpicion.

ODONTALGIA, in Medicine, the looth-Ach; one of the molt common, yet moft cruel Pains the Body is fubject to. See Tooth.

Its Caufe is a fharp Serofity, thrown on the Membrane that lines the Sockets, or Alveoli of the Teeth. The Li- quor is fometimes fo very fharp and corrofive, that it eats away the Teeth by little and little, and makes 'em fall piece-meal.

Its more remote Caufes are Sugars, very hot things, and very cold Acids, &c.

The Difeafe is frequently attended with an Inflammation, or (edematous Tumor of the Jaw. It is fometimes alfo owing to a Worm found in the Root of the Tooth.

The Curiofi Nature, Decad II. mention an Odontal'y cured by a Box on the Ear given the Patient ; and add an Inftance of Blindnefs and Odoatal^y caufed by fhaving a Man's Beard. The very fight of a Remedy frequently drives away the

The Word isform'd from the Creek «/©-, Tooth, and &>©-, Pain.

ODONTOIDES, in Anatomy, an Afofhyfis in the middle of the fecond Vertebra ; fo call'd from its refem- blance to a Tooth. See Vertebra.

Its Surface is fomewhat unequal, that the Ligament which comes out of it and binds it to the Occifnt, may take the better hold.

It is alfo encompaffed with a folid Ligament, contriv'd on purpofe to prevent the fpinal Marrow from being com- prefs'd by this Afofhyfis.

The Word is form'd from the Greek ol®-. Tooth, and 5//©-, Form.

ODOR, or Odour, fee Smell.

ODORAMENTUM, in Pharmacy, a Medicine apply'd for the benefit of its fmell, whether it be fetid, or agreeable.

SerSuFFIMENTUM.

Such are frequently ufed in Hyfteric and Hypocondriac Diforders ; e. gr, Affa frtida, Camfhor, &c.

ODORATION, fee Smelling.

ODO 8 OUS and ODORIFEROUS Things, are fuch as exhale a brisk, agreeable Smell, fenfible ata dirtance.

Such are the Jefflimin,- Rofe, Tube-Rofe, &c.

ODYSSEE, an Epic Poem of Homer ; wherein he relates the Adventures rhat befeWlyffes in his Return to Italy from the Siege of Troy. See Ep 1 c.

The' Defign of the Ilic.d, F. Boffu obferves, is to mftrutt the Ststcs ot Greece confider'd as united in one Body, or as Parts of the Whole ; and that of the Odyffee, to inflruct thofe fame States, confider'd in their private Capacities. See Iliad.

A State corififts of two Parts : The Head which com- mands, is the firft ; and the Members that obey, the fe- cond. Now, Initruflions are required both for the one and the other ; but it is poffible to have them both convey'd under the fame Perfon.

The Fable, then, of the OdyJJee is as follows : A Princi had been obliged to quit his Country, and lead an Army of his Subjects upon a foreign Expedition : after having glo- rioufly executed this, he was upon his Return home ; 1>ut in fpite of all his Endeavours, was detained for fevcral Years by Tempeffs which threw him on feveral Countreys very different from one another as to Manners, Cuflom's, Polity, &e.

In the Dangers he had to ffruggle withall, his Compa- nions, neglecting his Advice, all perifh, thro their own de- fault. In the mean time, the great Men of his Country, abufing his Abfence, commit ftrange Diforders in his Pa- lace, fquandet his Treafure, lay Snares for his Son, and will needs forcehis Wife to chufea Husband among them ; all this from an Opinion he was entirely loll. But at length he returns ; and having difcover'd himfelf to his Son, and fome others of his Friends who had perfifled in their Allegiance, he becomes an Eye-Witnefs of their Info- lence ; punifb.es them as they deferv'd, and reflores that Peace and Tranquillity to his Ifland, which had been ba- nifhed during his Abfence. See Fable.

The Truth or Moral whereon this Fable is founded, is, that a Ferfon's Abfence from home, fo as that he cannot have an Eye to his Affairs, occafions great Diforders. Ac- cordingly, the Heto's Abfence is the principal and moft effential Action of the Piece 5 and takes up the greatelt Part of the Poem.

This Poem, hofu adds, is more calculated for the People, than the Iliad is, where the Subjects are rather ill ufed out of the ill Conduct of the Princes, than by their own fault. The great Names of Hao's,Ulyfles, &c. don't here reprefent the pooreft Peafants lefs than Princes, Ocefars, Alexander! &c. The meaneft People are as liable to ruin their Eftates and Families by Negligence, i$c. as the greater! 5 and accordingly have as much need of Homer's Lectures, and are as capable of profiting by them, as Kings themfelves. See ^neid.

Gerard Croefus, a Dutchman, in a Book intitled OMHP02- EBPAIqS* ptintedat Dort in 1704, endeavours to prove that the Subjects of Homer's two Poems are taken from theScrip- tures; and thatthat of the OdyJJee, in particular, is nothing elfe but the Adventures of the Ifraelites till the Death of Mojes ; and that the Odyffee was compofed before the Iliad, the Subject whereof is the taking of Jericho. What Fan- cies !

The Word isform'd from AeGreek Uvo-cuh, ofoJWii/V. Ulyffis.

OECONOMICS, that Part of Moral Philofophy which teaches how to manage the Affairs of a Family, or Com- munity. See Morality and Oeconomy.

OECONOMUS.a Perfon appointed to direct, and manage a vacant Church Revenue, or that of an Hofpital or Com- munity.

Oeconomus was alfo antiently ufed for a Protector, or Advocate, who defended the Rights and Effects of Church- es, Monafteries, i£c. See Advocate and Avouee.

The Name was alfo given to a Church-Officer who took care of the Buildingsand Repairs of the Church, and received and diftributed Alms according to the Directions of the- Bifhop.

In this fenfe, the fixth Council appoints that every Church have its Oeco«o>»Hj.

OECONOMY, the prudent Conduft, or difcrete, frugal Management of a Man's Eftate, or that of another

To recommend Oeconomy, a modern Author obferves, that Land as good as moft in England is let at 20 s. an Acte per Annum j and fold at 10 Ye u-s Purchafe, or for 20 Pounds. Now, in an Acre of Land are 43 s 6c iquare feet, and in 20 Pounds are 4800 Pence : by which dividing 43560, the Quotient will be 0, and 360 remaining ; which fhews that one Penny will Purchafe 9 fquare feet and almoft 1 3 Inches of Land, viz. a. Piece 3 feet long and 3 broad, and fome- thing more.

Whence it follows, that two Shillings purchafes a Piece of Ground of 216" Feet $ viz. 18 feet long, and 12 feet broad 5 enough to build a pretty Houfe upon, and room for a little Garden.

Animal Oeconomy, the firft Branch of the Theory of Medicine ; or that which explains the Parts of the human Body, their Structure and Ufe ; the Nature and Caufes of Life and Health, and the Effects or Phsnomena atifing from them. See Medicine.

This is otherwife call'd Thyfiolojy ; and if* Objects juft enumerated are call'd Naturals, or res fecundum Naturam. See Naturals.

Legal, or Je-aijh Oeconomy or DifpenfatioH, is the man- ner