Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/305

 OCT

(<*4)

ODE

Tenlion, 0116 whereof is double the length of the other, produce the OBave. See Chord.

The OBave is call' d by the Antients Diafafan, becaule containing all the fimple Tones and Concords ; allot which derive tbeir Sweetnels from it, as they arife more or lefs direitlv out of it. SeeCoNCORD.

Tob'ejurt, it muft contain diatonically 7 Degrees, or In- tervals ; andconfequently 8 Terms, or Sounds, whence its Mame, OBave. ,'»■*"„

The Octave containing in it all the other fimple Concords, and the Degrees being the Differences of thefe Concords ; it is evident the Divifion of the OBave comprehends the Divi- fion of all the reft. See System.

By joining, therefore, all the fimple Concords to a com- mon Fundamental, we have the following Series :

. : i : % ■■ \ ■■ i ■■ i ■■ I ■■ *■ Fund. %d\, $dg, 41b, 51*. 6th I, 6tbg,"6ve.

Again, the Syftem of OBave containing all the original Concords j and the compound Concords being the Sum of OBave, and fume lefler Concord ; in order to have a Series to reach beyond an OBave, we mull continue them in the fame Order thro a fecond OBave, as in the firft ; and fo on thro a third and fourth OBave. Such a Series is call d the Scale of Music. See Scale.

Tho the Compofition of OBaves may be carried on infi- nitely, yet three or four OBaves is the greateft length we go in ordinary Praaice. The old Scales went no further than two or at moft three OBaves, which is the full compafs of an ordinary Voice. And, notwithftanding the Perfection of the OBave, yet after the third, the Agreement diminishes very fall ; nor do they ever go fo far at one Movement, as from one extreme to the other of a double or triple OBave ; feldom beyond a fingle OBave : Nor is either Voice or In- flrument well able to go beyond. To form a fourth OBave, if the acu'ter String be half a Foot, which is but a fmall Length to give a clear Sound ; the longer muft be eight Feet. If then we go beyond the fourth OBave, either the acute Term will be too ihort, or the grave one too long.

The OBave is not only the greateft Interval of the leven original Concords, but the firft in degree of Perfection. As it is the greateft Interval, all the lefs arecontain'd in it : Indeed, the manner wherein the lefs Concords are found in the OBave, is fomewhat extraordinary ; viz. by taking both an harmonical and arithmetical Mean between the Extremes of the OBave, and then both an arithmetical and hatmonical Mean between each Extreme, and the moft dillant of the two Means laft found ; i. e. between the lefs Extreme and the firft arithmetical, and between the greater Extreme and the firft harmonical Mean, we have all the leffer Concords. SeeCoNCORD.

Mr. Malcolm obferves, that any Wind-Inftrument being over-blown, the Sound will rife to an OB<i»e, and no other Concord ; which heafcribes to the Perfection of the OBave, and its being next to Unifon.

From this fimple and perfedl Form of the OBave, antes this peculiar Property, that it may bedoubled, tripled, Qfc. and ilill be Concord 5 i.e. the Sum of two or more Octaves are Concord ; tho the more Compound, gradually, the lefs agreeable. He adds, there is that Agreement between its Extremes, that whatevet Sound is Concord to one Extreme of the OBave, is fo to the other.

Des Cartel, from an Obfervation of the like kind, via. that the Sound of a Whiftle or Organ-Pipe, will rife to an OBave, if forcibly blown ; concludes, that no Sound is heard,' but its acute OBave feems fomeway to echo or re- found in the Ear.

Octave, orOcrABis, in Law, the 8th day atter any Feaft, indufively. „,,..„

A mong the Romanists, OBave is ufed for the Space, or Pe- riod of 8 Days allow'd for the Celebration of a Feaft, or Service in commemotation of fome Saint, or on other fo- lemn Occafions.

Easier Whhfanlide, S. John Baptist, S. Lawrence, Epi- fhany, the Dedication, &c. are celebrated with OBaves.

The Office in the OBave is femi-double.

OCTIL, or Octant, in Aftrology, an Afpefl of two Planets when diftant from each other by an 8th of the Zodiac, /. e. aSignand half, or 45.

OCTOBER, isthe 8 th Month of the Year, in Romttlits's Calendar ; tho the 10th in that of Numa, Julius Cefar, 60:. See Month, Calendar, S?c.

It hath always retain d its firft Isame, in fpightof all the different Names the Senate and Roman Emperors would have given it : For the Senate order'd this Month mould be call'd Fmgimi, in honour o{ Faustina the Wife of An- toninus the Emperor. Cmmtius would have had it bear the Name of InviBus ; and Domitian made it be call'd Do- mitiamis according to his own Name.

OCTOSTYLE, in the antient Architecture, the Face of i Building or Ordounance, containing 8 Columns.

The 8 Columns of the OSoByle may either bedifpofy in a right Line, as in the Pfeudodiptere Temple of Vttruvius and in- the Fantheon; orinaCircle, as in the round Monopte re Temple of Apollo Pythius at Delphi, &c.

OCTO Tales, fee Tales. -

OCULARES Denies, or Cynodentes, the Eye-Teeth ; fee

TEliTH.

OCULI Cancri, fee Cubits-Eyes.

OCULI, Eyes, in Botany, the Gemmt, or Buds of a Plant juit putting forth, or the Knots out of which the Buds arife. See Bud and Germ j fee alfo Pruning, EN- GRAFTING,*^.

OCULUS, in Anatomy, fee Eye.

OUA, in the Twktfli Seraglio, Signifies a Clafs, Chamber, or Order, See Seraglio.

The Grand Signer's Pages are divided into five Claffes or Chambers, call'd Oda. See Page.

Thefirlt, which is th.e lowett in Dignity, is call'd the Great, from the Number of Perfons rhat compote it.

Thefe are the Juniors, who ate taught to read, write, and fpeak the Languages ; which are the Turh.Jh tor this World ; the Arabic for Paradife ; and the Perjlan for Hell, by reafon of the Herefy of the People who fpeak it.

The fecond is call'd Little 5 where, from the Age of 14 or 15 Years, the Youth are train'd up to Arms, and the Study of fuch polite Learning as the Turks are acquainted withallj viz. Logic, Arithmetic, Geometry, and a little Aftrology.

In each of thefe Chambers, is a Page of the Privy- Cham- ber who commands them, as the Prefects in the Colleges of the Jefuits.

The third Chamber call'd Kilar-Oda, comprehends two hundred Pages ; which, betide their other Exerdfes, are commanded by the Ktlerdgi Bttchi, for the (ervice of the Buttery and Fruitery.

The fourth only cunfift of twenty-four, which, under the Khazmeda-liachi, take care of the Treafure in the Grand Signer's Apartment, where they never enter with any Clothes on that have Pockets,

The fifth is call'd Kbas-Oda, t. e. Privy-Chamber, and coniiils of forty Pages, which attend the Emperor's Bed- chamber. The firft of this Chamber is calPd Oda-Bachi, the fecond Sihhar, &c.

Eight of thefe Pages keep conftant Guard every Night in the Emperor's Bed Chamber. They are polled in Se- veral Places, fome nearer him, others farther off, according to their degrees in the Chamber. They are to take care the Light kept conftantly in the Chamber, don't glare in his Eyes, and awake him 5 and if they find him dilturb'd with any troublefome Dieam, to take care he be awaked by one of the Aga's.

ODABACHI, or Odoobassi, an Officer in the Turkifi Soldiery, equivalent to a Sergeant, or Corporal among us.

The common Soldiers, and Janizaries call'd Oldachis, after having ferv'd a certain Term of Years, are preferr'd, and made Biqutlms ; and of Biaueiars in time become Oda- bachi's, 1. e. C-irporals of Companies, or Chiefs of certain Divisions, whofe Number is not fix'd, being fometimes ten, and fometimes twenty.

Their Pay is 6 Doubles per Month, and they are diftin- guifti'd by a large Felr, a foot broad, and above a foot long, hanging on the Back with two long Odrich Feathers.

ODE, in the antient Poetry, a Song ; or Compofition proper to be fung, and compofed for that purpole 5 the ringing ufually accompanied with fomemufical Inftrumenr, chieflv the Lyre ; whence the Ode became denominated Lyric! SceSoNG and Lyric.

Ode, in the modern Poetry, is a Lyric Poem, confiding of long and iliort Verfes, distinguish 'd into Stanza's, or Strophes, wherein the fame meafure is preferved throughout.

The Word comes from the Greek &=N, Singing.

The O es of the Antients, VoJJlus obferves, had a regular Return of the fame kind of Verfe, and the fame Quantity of Syllables in the fame Place of every fimilar Verfe : " But there is nothing (fays he) but confufion ofQuanci- " Quantity of our Syllables, every Stanza will be a different " Song."
 * ' ties in the modern Odes ; fo that to follow the natural

He Should have obferv'd, however, that all the antient Odes were not of fuch kind. But he proceeds: " The " Moderns have no regard to the natural Quantity of the " Syllables, and have introduced an unnatural and barba- " rous Variety of long and ftiort Notes, which they apply " without any regard to the natural Quantity of the Syl- 11 lables : fo that it is no wonder our vocal Mulic has no " effect." de Poem. Cantu. See Verse, Vocal Mufic, Quantity, SJe._

Among the Antients, Ode Signified no more than a Son% ; with us, they are different things. Their Odes were gene- rally in honour of their Gods 5 as many of thofe of Fin-

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