Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/300

 OBL

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OBL

Formal Object, is the manner of confidering it : And tti us the fame human Body confider'd with a view to the healing it, is the Formal ObjeB of Medicine.

Objectum quod complexum, of an Art, is the aggregative Whole j or a Collection of all the objective Conclufions, or Confcquences found in the Science. ObjeBum quod incom- plexum, is a Collection of all the Subjects of the ob- jective Conclusions. Thus, Therefore Air is elaftic, is the complex Object of one Branch of Phyficsj and Air itfelf, or the Subject of the Conclusion, the ihcomplex Object of the fame Branch.

Objectum quo Complexum, isa Collection of all the ob- jective Antecedents of the Science. ObjeBum quo tncom- plexum, isa Collection of all the Mediums, or Arguments contain'd in thofe Antecedents, and whereby thofe Conclu- sions are proved.

In thefc Cafes the ObjeB is faid to be complex, inafmuch as it includes both an Affirmation and Negation 5 and in- complex, as it includes neither: Quod, as being that which (quod) is fhewn in the Science 5 and quo, as being that whereby (jw), the Conclusions therein are proved.

They have here, alfo, an ObjeB per fs, and per accident 5 ObjeBum adxquatum, and inadttamttm 5 Attributions, and Attributum.

OBJECTION, in Reafoning, fo me thing urged to over- throw an Opinion; or, a Difficulty raifed againft an Alle- gation, or Proportion of a Perfon we are difputing withall.

The anfwering of ObjeBions comes under that Branch of Oratory, or that Part of an Oration call'd the Confirmation, or Confutation. Sec Confirmation and Confutation.

OBJECTIVE, ObjeSivus, is ufed in the Schools in fpeakingof a thing which exifts no otherwife than as an Objectknown. The Ejfe y or Existence of fuch thing isfaid to beObjeBive. Others call it Ratio ObjeBiva. See Ob- ject.

The Word is alfo ufed for the Power or Faculty by which any thing becomes intelligible 5 and for the Ad itfelf, whereby any thing is prefented to the Mind, and known.

Hence a thing is faid to exijt Objectively, ObjeBive, when it exifts no otherwife than in being known 5 or in being an Object of the Mind. See Existence.

This, fome will have to be a real Ejfe ; others deny it. See Esse,

OBIT, in our antient Cuftoms, was a funeral Solemnity, or an Office for the Dead ; commonly performed when the Corps lay uninterr'd in the Church.

Obit is alfo an Anniverfary-Olfice, or Mafs, held yearly in the Romijh Church, on a certain day, in Memory of a Perfon deccafed. See Mass and Anniversary..

One of the moft antient Obits in Europe, is that of King Childebert, founded in the Abby of St. Germains t>efprez j and faid on the Eve of St. Thomas's Day.

The Tenure of Qbtt t or Chauntry Lands held of the Subjects, is decreed to be extinct with us, by Stat. 1 Edw.6. See Tenure, Service, &c.

OBITUARY, a Regifter, wherein are wrote the Names of the Dead, and the Days of their Burial. See Re- gister.

Thefe in fome Places are call'd Mortuaries. See Mor-

TllARY,

The Term is fometimes alfo ufed for a Book containing the Foundation, or InlUtution of the feveral Obits ; but this is more frequently call'd Martyrofagy. See Marty- rology.

OBLATA properly fignifies things given, or offer'd, particularly to the King, by any of his Subjects. See Of- fering.

In the Exchequer, Oblata fignifies old Debts ; brought, as it were, together, from preceding Years, and put to the pre lent Sheriffs Charge.

Thefe are thus call'd, by reafon the Oblata, or Offerings were fo ftrictly look'd to in the Reigns of King John and HenryllL that they were enter'd into the Fine-Roll, under the Term Oblata, and if not paid, put in charge to the Sheriff.

OBL ATI, antiently, were fecular Perfons, who refign'd themfelves, and their Eftates to fome Monaftery, and were admitted as Lay-Brothers. See Lay-Brother.

There were fome of thefe Oblati, properly call'd Donatio who gave their Perfons, their Families, and Effects j and even enter'd into a kind of Servitude themfelves and their Descendants. They were admitted by putting the Bell- Ropes of the Church around their Necks, and, as a Mark of Servitude, a few Pence on their Heads.

Thefe TJo7iati took Religious Habits, but thofe different from the Monks.

In the Archives of the Abby of St. Paul de Verdun* is a Permiflion given in \%Cq, to a Man of that Abby to marry a Wife, on condition, that of the Children arifing from the Marriage, one half fhould belong to the Abby in quality «f Oblati 5 the other half to the Bifhop. This kind of

Oblati are faid to have taken their firft Rife in the Eleventh Century. ■ .,,, .......

-In the earlier .Times, thofe only were call'd Oblati whom weirParenta engaged from their Infancy to the Monaftit Lite. Iho e who embraced it themfelves, when at an Age capable of Choice^ were ,c-i\Vd Converts - *

The Oblati made no Profeffion, yet kept' the Celibate, r ?! "9 bed ' ence t0 the Superiors, and did the drudgery oi the Monaftery 3 yet they differ 'd from Servants, who were allow d. to marry. .The Oblati and Donati were Ser- vants of Devotion, as the others were of Condition.

Helyot fays, the Oblati differ'd from Converts, inafmuch as the latter made the Profeffion, and wore the Habit.

Oblati were alfo in France a kind of Lay-Monks,antient- ly placed by the King in all the Abbeys and Priories in his Nomination ; to whom -the Religious were obliged to give a Monk's Allowance, on account'of their ringing the Bells* and _f weeping the Church and the Court.

Thefe Places were ufually fill'd with lame Soldiers and Invalids, fome of whom had Penfiona or Benefices without any Duty ; but thefe Oblati, with their Penfious, have fines been all removed to the Hotel of the Invalids at Fans.

OBLATIONS, Offerings, properly denote Sacrifices^ or thingsoffer'd to God. Sec Sacrifice.

In the Canon Law, Oblations are defined to be any thing offer'd, by godly Christians, to God and the Church, i.e. to the Priells, whether they be moveable or im- moveable.

Oblations were antiently of various kinds, viz. Oblationee Altarisi which the Prieits had for faying Mafs } ObJationet Defun8orum; given by the lalt Wills of the Faithful to the Church ; Oblationes Mortuomm, thofe given by the Rela- tions of the Dead, at Burials ; Oblationes Pxnitentium, thofe given by Penitents } and Obligatiojies Penticofiales. Sec Penticostales.

Till the fourth CetUury, the Church had no other fixed Revenues, nor any other means of Subfiitence, but Obla- tions. See Tythe.

OBLIGATION, an Aft whereby a Perfon engages* or binds himfelf, or is bound by another, to dofometbinga as to pay a Sum of Money, to be Surety for any one, %S>c.

The Acceptance of a Bill of Exchange is a kind of Ob- ligation. See Bill.

The exacting of Intereft on a Sum duebyafimple Ob- ligation, is accounted Ufury. See Usury.

All Obligations arife from Contracts, or quafi Contracts ; from Crimes, or quafi Crimes ; and in the Roman Law* were either Chil, or Praetorian ; i. e. either approved by the Civil Law, or introduced by the Prstor.

There are three kinds of Obligations 5 Natural, Civil, and Mixed.

Natural Orlig prions are founded on the mere Bond of natural Equity, without any Civil Neceffity, and without producing any Action of Conftraint : Such is the Obligation of a Minor.

Chil Obligation, is that fuppotted on Civil Authority alone, and which induces a Constraint, without any Prin- ciple or Foundation in natural Equity : Such is the Obli- gationofn. Man condemn'd unjuftly.

Laftly, a mixed Obligation, or an Obligation both Na- tural and Civil, is that which being founded in natural E- quity, is further confirmed and enforced by Civil Au- thority.

There are Perfonal Obligations, Hypothecary Obligations 9 Obligations of Goods, others by Body, Obligations folidary, others for a Part or Portion.

Obligation, in a more iirict Senfe, is an Inltrumentj or Bond, containing a Penalty with a Condition annexed, for payment of Money at a certain time 5 or for Performance of Covenants, &c.

A Bill is commonly without a Penalty, and without Con- dition ; yet a Bill may be obligatory. Coke on Litth

Till the Conqueft, Writings were rendered Obligatory by certain Marks of Gold Croffes, l£c. The Normans firtf in- troduced the Cullom of making Bills and Obligations with a Print or Seal in Wax fet to every one's Signet, attcfted by three WitnefTes. SeeSiGN ature, Seal, &c.

OBLIQUATION, in Catoptricks. Catbetus of Obliqua- tion, is a right Line drawn perpendicular to a Mirror, in the Point of Incidence, or Reflexion of a Ray. See Cathetus, Mirror, t$c.

OBLIQUE, in Geometry, fomething a-flant, in-d'treB ; or that deviates from the Perpendicular. See Perpendi- cular.

Oblique Angle, In Geometry, is an Angle that is either acute, or obmfej i. e. any Angle, except a right Angle. See Angle.

QBLiQVR-attgled Triangle, Is that whofe Angles are Oblique, i. e. either obtufe or acute. See Triangle.

Oblique Line, a Line which falling on another, make* Mfbliaue Angle. See Line.

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