Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/30

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Monafleries, and even fo private Pcrfons j and 'tis a fre- quent thing to have general Indulgences for the time of the principal Feaits of a Year. Their Cafuifts fay, that a plenary Indulgence does not always prove effectual, for want of complying with the Conditions whereon it was granted.

Indulgence, Indult, or Indulto, fignifies alio a fpecial Fa- vour or Privilege, conferred either on a Community, or a particular Perfon, by the Pope's Bulls, in virtue whereof he is licenfed to do or obtain fomething contrary to the Intention and Difpofition of the common Laws. There are two kinds of Inditlto's ; the one active, which confiflsina Power of nominating and prefenting freely, and without rcferve, to Benefices that are othcrwife li- mited and reflrained by the Laws of the Apoftolical Chancery ; fuch are thole ordinarily granted to Secular Princes, Cardinals, Bi/hops, t5~c Paffive Indttlto's confiil in a power of receiving Benefices and expe&ative Gra- ces 5 of which kind are thofe of a Parliament, of Gra- duates, and Mandatories. The Indulto of Kings is the Power given them of prefenting to Confiftorial Benefices, either by Treaty, by Favour, or fpecial Privilege. The Indulto of Cardinals is a Licence {or holding Regular as well as Secular Benefices, in difpofing of them in com- mendam, or continuing them, &c. Indulto of Parliament is a Right or Privilege granted to the Chancellor, Prefi- iidents, Counfellors, and other Officers in the Parliaments, to obtain a Benefice of the Collator-, upon the King's No- mination directed to him. This is a kind of Advowfon or Patronage belonging to the French King, the Inditlio being a Mandate or Grace, by which he is permitted to name to any Collator he pleafes, a Counfellor, or other Of- ficer of Parliament, on whom the Collator ftiall be ob- liged to bellow a Benefice : fo that the Right of the In- dulto refides radically in the King, the Officers being only the Objefts thereof. See Difpenfation.

INDURATING, a Term applied to fuch Things as give a harder or firmer Confiitence to others, by a greater Solidity of their Particles, or asdiffipate the thinner Parts of any Matter, fo as to leave the Remainder harder. Thus a Tumour is indurated, cither by the Addition of earthy and folid Particles, as in Scbirri and knotty Swellings, or by tranfpiring the thinner Parts thro' the Skin, whereby the Remainder grows more fixed, as in an Oedema,

INEQUALITY of Natural Days. See Equation.

INERTIA VIS. §&&n s Inertia.

INESCATION, a kind of Tranfplantation, praftis'd for the Cure of certain Difeafes ; it confills in im- pregnating a proper Medium or Vehicle, with fome of the Mumia or vital Spirit of the Patient, and giving it to fome Animal to eat. 'Tis pretended the Animal unites and affimilatcs that Mumia with itfelf, correcting it, and im- bibing its vicious Quality, and by that means restoring .Health to the Perfon whereto the Mumia belonged. If the Animal happens to die before the Cure be efte£ted, a fecond Animal muft be pitched on, and th* Experiment repeated. Some tell us, that the Blood of the Patient well putrefied or fermented, does the Bufinefs better than any other Part. The word is derived from the priva- tive Prepofition in, and efca, Food.

1NESCUTCHEON, in Heraldry, fignifies all the Ef- cutcheons containing -J of the Field, and is borne within it, as an Ordinary. Thus, 'tis faid,hebeareth Ermin,an Inefcutcheon Gules. This is alfo fometimes called an Inefcutcheon of Pretence, which is borne when a Man marries an Heirefs j for then he bears her Coat of Arms on an Inefcutcheon, or Efcutcheon of Pretence, in the middle of his own Coat.

IN ESSE, Authors make this Difference between a thing in efje, and a thing in pqffe; a thing that is not, but may be, they fay is in poffe, or potemia ■-, but a thing apparent and vifible, they fay is in ejfe, that is, has a real Being eo infianti, whereas the other is cafual, and at beft butaPoffibility.

INFALLIBLE, that which cannot deceive, or be de- ceived. Upon this Term flands one of the principal Heads of Controverfy between the Reformed and the Cathclicks. The latter of whom maintain, that the Church, affembled in General Council, is infallible, which the former deny. The principal Reafons they give for the Infallibility, are drawn from the Obfcurity of the Scriptures, the Infufficiency of private Judgment, and the Ncccfiity there is of fome infallible Judge for the De- cifion of Controverfy. The Infallibility of the Pope is a Do&rinc of a late {landing, and not entirely acquiefced in even in their own Communion. DuPin, a Doctor of the Sarbowie, has written againft it, and the late Behaviour of the Cardinal de Noailles, and the protefling Bi/hops, fe- conded by a confiderable Part of the Clergy of France, iliew to how low an Ebb the Yo^&Infatiibihty is reduced

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in that Country. The word comes from the Latin Preppfi- tion '», taken privatively, and fallo, I deceive,

INFAMOUS, in the ordinary Ufe of the Word, figni- fies fomething notorioufly contrary toVirme or Honour. Sti- lus Gelhus uies the words Infames Materias, for what we or- dinarily call Paradoxes, i. e. Difcourfes remote from the common Opinion ? Propositions that appear oppofite to Truth, &c. as the Elogy of Tberfites j the Praifc of a Quartan Ague, £$c.

Infamous, in Law, is fomething void of Honour, that has no Repute or Efteem in the World. There are two kinds of Infamy 5 fome being infamous by Right, de Jure, as thofe who have been noted by the Laws, or Itigma- tized by publicfc Judgments : Others are infamous in Fa£r, de FaBo, as thofe who exercife fome fcandalous Profeffion, as a Catchpole, a Merry Andrew, a Hangman, an Infor- mer, l$c. Heretofore there were Crowns of Infamy given by way of Punifliment to Criminals : they were made of "Wooll. The word infamous is derived from the Latin, in 3 and Fama, Fame, Report.

INFANT, any Man or Woman under the Age of one and twenty Years is an Infant in Law. An Infant eight Years of Age, or upwards, may commit Homicide, and be hanged for it, if it appear by any other Act that he had Knowledge of Good and Evil - 7 for here Malnia fipplebit JEtatem 5 yctCc/!eon Littleton, SeB. 405. fays, An Infant Jhall 7iot be punifhed till the Age of Fourteen 5, which, according to him, is the Age of Difcretion.

INFANTE, INFANTA, a Title of Honour given to the Children of fome Princes, particularly to thofe of the Houfe of Spain and Portugal. It is ufually faid that this Title was introduced into Spain y on occafion of the Marriage of Eleanor of England with King Ferdinand of Cajiile, and that their Son Sancho was the firif that bore it. But this is contradicted by Felagius Bifhop of Oviedo, who lived in the Year 1100, and informs us, that the Titles Infante and Infanta, were ufed in Spain ever fince the Reign of King Evremond II.

INFANTRY, Troops, or Forces, confifling of Foot- Soldiers.

INFATUATE, to prepoffefs anyone in favour of a Perfon or Thing that does not deferve it, fo far as that he can't eafily be difabufed. The Romans called thofe infatuated Perfons Infatuati, who fancied they had feea Virions, or imagined the God Faumis, whom they called Fattuis, had appeared to them. The word infatuate comes from the Latin Fatuus, Fool y of far i, to fpeak out, which is borrowed from the Greek tpa.ofta.1, whence i(, which fig- nifies the fame with Fates in Latin, or Prophet in Englijh^ and the reafon is, becaufe their Prophets or Priefts ufed to be feized with a kind of Madnefs or Folly, when they began to make their Predictions, or deliver Oracles.

INFECTION, is the catching a D.feafe by fome Efflu- via or fine Panicles, which fly ofr from fome diilempered Bodies, and mixing with the Juices of others, occafion the fame Diforders, as in the Bodies they came from. The word comes from the Latin Verb inficere, which properly fignifies to dye of fome other Colour j h/ficcre, i. e, facere ut alt- quid intus fit, to occafion fomething to be imbibed. See Poifon.

INFIDEL, a Term applied to fuch Perfons as are not baptized, and that do not believe the Truths of the Chri- ftian Religion. 'Tis Baptifm that makes the fpecific Diffe- rence between an Heretic and an Infidel.

INFINITE, thar which has neither Beginning nor End 5 in which ftinfe God alone is infinite. The word is alio ufed to fignify that which has had a Beginning, but will have no End, as Angels, and human Souls. This is what the Schoolmen call infinitum a parte poft 5 as, on the contrary, by infinitum a parte ante, they mean that which has an End, but had no Beginning.

An infinite Line in Geometry, is an indefinite or inde- terminate Line, to which no certain Bounds or Limits arc prefcribed.

Infinite Quantity. See Quantity Infinite.

Infinite Series. See Series.

INFINITELY INFINITE FRACTIONS,aTerm ufed where all the Fractions, whofe Nu merator is 1, are together equal to an Unit : and hence it is deduced, that there are not only infinite Progrefiions, or Progreflions in infinitum 5 but alfo infinitely farther than one kind of Infinity. That thefc i?ifinitely infinite Progreffionsare notwithstanding com- putable, and to be brought into one Sum '-, and that not only finite, but into one fo fmall,asto belefs than any affig- nable Number : That of Infinite Quantities,fome are equal, others unequal j that one infinite Quantity may be equal to two, three, or more Quantities, whether infinite or finite.

INFINITIVE, in Grammar, is the Name of one of the Modes ferving for the conjugating of Verbs. It does not denote any precife time, nor does it determine the Number or Perfons, but expreffes things in a loofe indefi- nite Senfe, as to teach, &c. In raoft Languages, both antieot and modern, the Infinitive, is diftinguimed by a

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