Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/288

 NOS

(63D

NOT

Ami. Tares in his isefBook, mentions an Italian Chirur- geon,who had the Art of reftoring loll Nofes, or making them come again after they were cut off. His Method was to make an Aperture in his Patient's Arm, and there to en- ..graft the mutilated Nofe ; the Arm being bound up for 24 days, the Nofe took Root in the Wound, and dued itfelf with the Flefh of the Arm, and grew to & its Bulk ; which done, he cut off the Flefli of the Arm and fafliion'd the Nofe to his liking, apply'd it in its place, and heal'd the Wounds at leifure.

This Operation we feeburlefcju'd in Hndibras: So learned Taliacotius, $5c. and alfo in the Alia Eruditorum Liffii, Amio M.rc.Lxxxii.

Hagaruf, a Dane, maintains, that the Nofe is in fome meafure fitted for an Organ of Sight, and that a Man may fee thro it; grounding his Opinion on the Authority of Smetins, who in his 5th Book of Medicinal Mfcellanies i relates of his own Knowledge, that a Youth, quite blind in oihcr refpecls, could fee the Light, and was able to difcern the Wnitenefs of Flowers by the Nofe.

But, for our part, we /hould rather account for thefe Senfations from the Faculties of feeling and fmelling, than thofe of feeing : Not but there is a very great Refem- blance between the various Organs of Senfe, enough to give ground to the Opinion, that they only differ as more orlefs delicate ; for which reafon we don't abfolutely re- ject the Initance given by Grimaldi, of a Man who could diflinguifli Colours by his feeling.

The Nerves, whofe Texture and Conftitution, for any thing we Know, is the fame throughout the whole Body, are confeffedly the Vehicles of all Senfations from without ; and thofe are all depofited in the fame Senfory, whether they be brought from the Eye, the Ear, the Noje, &c. and that fingular Apparatus, obfervablc in each Organ, ieems rather intended for theBexe effe, than the Effe of that Senfe ; rather to ilop and detain the tranfient Effluvia, to collect them where too fcanty, difperfe them where too copious, foften them whete too rude, and break their force where too violent, and by this means to proportion them to the feveral degrees ofFinenefs, Teniion, &c. of the

The firft of thefe Kinds, which the Rabbins call Rafche Theboth, appears very antient ; and is fuppofed by fome, well verled in the Hebrew^ to have took its Origin from the Pfalms, and other Places of Scripture* proceeding alphabe- tically, i. e. the firft Verl'e beginning with ^ the firft Let- ter of the Alphabet 5 the fecond with 1, the fecond Letter, &c. See an lnftance of this firft Kind of Notaries* under the Head Machacee.

The fecond Kind is alfo very common, and call'd Sophs Ththoib, i, e. the End of Words. For inltance, by telling the laft Letters of the Words, l^HQ TQWHOi Mibi qmdnaw nomen eft, Quodnaml they find the Name of God Jehovah. This is ftill more puerile, when they take the Letters back- wards.

The third Kind is more modern, more grofs, and per- plexed. Here a Letter gives a whole Word, inftead of a Word's only giving a Letter 5 fo that a Word iliall furnifh a whole Phrafe.

Thus, for an example; in the firft: Word of Genejis, IVUWO, in the Beginning l is found he created the Heaven and the Earthy the Sea, the Abyfs, &c.

NOTARY, a Scribe, or Scrivener? or one who takes Notes, and /hort Draughts of Contracts, or other Inftru- ments. See Not e.

NOTARY, Notarius, among the Romans, was a Name common to all who wrote under the Direction of others, or who received, and kept Sentences, and Contracts.

From the 44th Novel of fyftinian, it appears, that Con- tracts were firil wrote in Notes, or Abbreviations, by the Notaries or Clerks of the Tahelliones ; and were not yet ob- ligatory. Afterwards they were wrote at length by the Tabtllio himfelf, then fign'd and feal'd. See Tabellio.

Notary, is particularly ufed for an Officer, who draws, and .keeps Notes and Minutes of Contract,', Obligations and other Inftrumems, paffed before him, and delivers out authentic Copies, g?e. thereof.

Ragueau diilinguifhes between Notarii, Notaries and Tahel- liones: Notaries, he fa) 5, in feveral Cities, are only to receive and pafs the Minutes or Contracts, and to deliver them to the Parties in brief; being obliged to carry them to the

Nerves of the refpective Organs, in order to render the Tahelliones to be kept, and"to have engroffed Copies deli' Senfa:if.ns adequate to the ends ; than to produce them, vered out to the Parties.

SceilENSATlON.

In Tartary, the greateft Beauties are thofe who have the leaft Nofes. Rubrttaus mentions the Wife of the Great Cingbis-can, the Mother of Tamerlane, as a celebrated Beauty becaufe fhe had only two Holes for a Nofe, In moil other Countreys, China excepted, great Nofes are in honour.

The Crim-Tartars break the Nofes of their Children while young, as thinking it a great piece of Folly to have their Nofes ftand before their Eyes.

NOSOLOGY, aDifco'urfe, or Treatife, of Difeafes. See Disease.

The Word is compounded ofWof, Malady, Difeafe, and toyi&> Hence,

NOSOCOMIUM, an Hofpital, or Infirmary, for the Reception of the Difeafed. See Hospital, Lazar, tjfe.

NOSTRILS, Nares, the two Apertures or Cavities of the Nofe, thro* which the Air paffes, and which ferve to convey Odours, and to carry off the T.itmta feparated in the Sims of the Bafe of the Cranium. See Nose.

The Noftrils are feparated by a Cartilage, and lined with a very fenfible Membrane. See Smelling.

Cicero obferves, that the Situation of the Nofirils fo near the Mouth, is very convenient; as the judging of the Smells of Meats and Drinks, is a great part of their Office : he adds, that their erect Pofition argues the Crea- tor's Wifdom, in regard all Odours rife from below up- wards. See Odour.

NOT Guilty fee Non eft CulfaUUs.

NOTARICON, the third Part, or Species of the ^evolfi Cabbala. See Cabbala.

Rabbi Nathan, in his great Aruch, fays, that Notaricon is when a fingle Letter is taken for the Sign of a Thing, i. e. for a whole Name. He adds, that the Word comes from the Latin Notaritts, a Perfon who writes in Notes, or Short- Hand. R. Elias Levita gives the fame Account in his Thesbetes, except that in lieu of one Letter for a Word, he mentions two or three.

But after all, neither the one nor the other is alone fuffi- cient : For as a fingle Letter frequently makes a Word ; fo in Notaricon, a whole Word fometimes Hands for a fingle Letter.

There are therefore two principal Kinds of Notaricon : The firft is, when by Afherefis, or Afocofe, the firft or laft Letters of feveral Words are join'd to make a fingle Word or Phrafe; which therefore is of two kinds, the one Ini- tial, the other Final : and each is done feveral Ways, viz,, either by taking the Letters the common way, or back- wards. Tho, there is alfo a third kind made, as the Rab- bins call it, by Leaps, /. e. by leaping over fome Let- ters.

He adds, that the Notaries were anticntly Clerks of the Tahelliones ; and that feparating, by degrees, from their Ma- tters, they at length erected Offices of their own : and at lait took place of the Tahelliones, who were fupprefs'd.

They had their Name Notarii from Not a ; becaufe an- tiently they wrote in Notes, or Short-hand.

Notaries are now little ufed among us, except In Mercantile Affairs ; tho' in France they flill fubfift in their Legal Capacity. The Notaries of the Chatelet are called the King's Counfellors, and Note-Keepers.,

Thofe among us, are called Notaries Public ; and have the drawing, patting, keeping, iffuing, &c. of all the Deeds, Contracts, Charter-parties, gfc. in the Mercantile World. In their Books are alfo regiller'd Protefts, Remonftrances,

In the firft Ages of the Church, there were Ecclefiaftical Notaries, whofe Office was to collect and preferve the Acts of the Martyrs. They were fuppofed to have been firft in- ftituted by St. Clement. Their Number was feven, and they were difpofed in the feven Quarters or Regions of Rome.

Pope Fabian, judging the Short-hand of the Notaries too oblcure for common Ufe, added feven Sub-deacons to'em to tranferibe at length what the Notaries drew in fhorr.

At length thefe Notaries were laid afide, and two other Kinds eftabli/li'd in their ftead, viz. Apoflolical Notaries, and Efijcopal Notaries ; whofe Bulinefs lies in Spiritual and Be- neficiary Initruments.

NOTATION, in Arithmetic, the Art of Characterizing Numbers, or of designing them by proper Figures. See Character.

The Choice of Arithmetical Characters is arbitrary : Hence, in various Nations, they are various. But perhaps there are none fo commodious as thofe commonly ufed in Europe, ufually faid to have been invented by the Arabs, and thence call'd Arabic Characters ; tho'Dr. #'"«//» obferves, that Altefedi, an Arab, refers the Invention to the Indians. See Numeral Character.

The Greeks, Hebrews, and other Eaftern Nations, as alfo the Romans, exprefs'd Numbers by the Letters of their common Alphabet. See Literal Character.

Notation, in Algebra, is the reprefenting of Quanti- ties by Letters of the Alphabet ; or calling them by thofe Names. See Quantity, Character, &c.

NOTJE "Materna, Mother's Spots. Sec Kmvus.

NOTE, Nota, a Mark made in a Book or Writing, where there occurs fomerhing remarkable, and worthy of particu- lar Notice.

Note, is alfo ufed for an Obfervation, or Explication of fome Paffage in an Author, added in the Margin, at the bottom of the Page, or elfewhere, by an Editor.

7 Z In